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thodg/cgminer/libztex.c

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  • Author : Kano
    Date : 2013-06-15 23:08:40
    Hash : 6ca0eaa9
    Message : fix windows log warnings

  • libztex.c
  • /**
     *   libztex.c - Ztex 1.15x/1.15y fpga board support library
     *
     *   Copyright (c) 2012 nelisky.btc@gmail.com
     *   Copyright (c) 2012 Denis Ahrens <denis@h3q.com>
     *   Copyright (c) 2012 Peter Stuge <peter@stuge.se>
     *
     *   This work is based upon the Java SDK provided by ztex which is
     *   Copyright (C) 2009-2011 ZTEX GmbH.
     *   http://www.ztex.de
     *
     *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
     *   published by the Free Software Foundation.
     *
     *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
     *   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
     *   General Public License for more details.
     *
     *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     *   along with this program; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
    **/
    
    #include "config.h"
    
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <string.h>
    
    #include "miner.h"
    #include "fpgautils.h"
    #include "libztex.h"
    
    //* Capability index for EEPROM support.
    #define CAPABILITY_EEPROM 0,0
    //* Capability index for FPGA configuration support. 
    #define CAPABILITY_FPGA 0,1
    //* Capability index for FLASH memory support.
    #define CAPABILITY_FLASH 0,2
    //* Capability index for DEBUG helper support.
    #define CAPABILITY_DEBUG 0,3
    //* Capability index for AVR XMEGA support.
    #define CAPABILITY_XMEGA 0,4
    //* Capability index for AVR XMEGA support.
    #define CAPABILITY_HS_FPGA 0,5
    //* Capability index for AVR XMEGA support.
    #define CAPABILITY_MAC_EEPROM 0,6
    //* Capability index for multi FPGA support.
    #define CAPABILITY_MULTI_FPGA 0,7
    
    static int libztex_get_string_descriptor_ascii(libusb_device_handle *dev, uint8_t desc_index,
    		unsigned char *data, int length)
    {
    	int i, cnt;
    	uint16_t langid;
    	unsigned char buf[260];
    
    	/* We open code string descriptor retrieval and ASCII decoding here
    	 * in order to work around that libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii()
    	 * in the FreeBSD libusb implementation hits a bug in ZTEX firmware,
    	 * where the device returns more bytes than requested, causing babble,
    	 * which makes FreeBSD return an error to us.
    	 *
    	 * Avoid the mess by doing it manually the same way as libusb-1.0.
    	 */
    
    	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(dev, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN,
    	    LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR, (LIBUSB_DT_STRING << 8) | 0,
    	    0x0000, buf, sizeof(buf), 1000);
    	if (cnt < 0) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed to read LANGIDs: %d", __func__, cnt);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    
    	langid = libusb_le16_to_cpu(((uint16_t *)buf)[1]);
    
    	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(dev, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN,
    	    LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR, (LIBUSB_DT_STRING << 8) | desc_index,
    	    langid, buf, sizeof(buf), 1000);
    	if (cnt < 0) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed to read string descriptor: %d", __func__, cnt);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    
    	/* num chars = (all bytes except bLength and bDescriptorType) / 2 */
    	for (i = 0; i <= (cnt - 2) / 2 && i < length-1; i++)
    		data[i] = buf[2 + i*2];
    
    	data[i] = 0;
    
    	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
    }
    
    enum check_result
    {
    	CHECK_ERROR,
    	CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX,
    	CHECK_OK,
    	CHECK_RESCAN,
    };
    
    static bool libztex_firmwareReset(struct libusb_device_handle *hndl, bool enable)
    {
    	uint8_t reset = enable;
    	int cnt = libusb_control_transfer(hndl, 0x40, 0xA0, 0xE600, 0, &reset, 1, 1000);
    	if (cnt < 0)
    	{
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex reset %d failed: %d", enable, cnt);
    		return 1;
    	}
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static enum check_result libztex_checkDevice(struct libusb_device *dev)
    {
    	FILE *fp = NULL;
    	libusb_device_handle *hndl = NULL;
    	struct libusb_device_descriptor desc;
    	int ret = CHECK_ERROR, err, cnt;
    	size_t got_bytes, length;
    	unsigned char buf[64], *fw_buf;
    	unsigned int i;
    
    	err = libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &desc);
    	if (unlikely(err != 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to open read descriptor with error %d", err);
    		return CHECK_ERROR;
    	}
    
    	if (desc.idVendor != LIBZTEX_IDVENDOR || desc.idProduct != LIBZTEX_IDPRODUCT) {
    		applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Not a ZTEX device %04x:%04x", desc.idVendor, desc.idProduct);
    		return CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX;
    	}
    
    	err = libusb_open(dev, &hndl);
    	if (err != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not open ZTEX device: %d", __func__, err);
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(hndl, 0xc0, 0x22, 0, 0, buf, 40, 500);
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read ztex descriptor with err %d", cnt);
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	if (buf[0] != 40 || buf[1] != 1 || buf[2] != 'Z' || buf[3] != 'T' || buf[4] != 'E' || buf[5] != 'X') {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Error reading ztex descriptor");
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	if (buf[6] != 10)
    	{
    		ret = CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX;
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	// 15 = 1.15y   13 = 1.15d or 1.15x
    	switch(buf[7])
    	{
    		case 13:
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "Found ztex board 1.15d or 1.15x");
    			break;
    		case 15:
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "Found ztex board 1.15y");
    			break;
    		default:
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "Found unknown ztex board");
    			ret = CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX;
    			goto done;
    	}
    
    	// testing for dummy firmware
    	if (buf[8] != 0) {
    		ret = CHECK_OK;
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	applog(LOG_ERR, "Found dummy firmware, trying to send mining firmware");
    
    	char productString[32];
    
    	cnt = libztex_get_string_descriptor_ascii(hndl, desc.iProduct, (unsigned char*)productString, sizeof(productString));
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read device productString with err %d", cnt);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    
    	applog(LOG_ERR, "productString: %s", productString);
    
    	unsigned char productID2 = buf[7];
    	char *firmware = NULL;
    
    	if (strcmp("USB-FPGA Module 1.15d (default)", productString) == 0 && productID2 == 13)
    	{
    		firmware = "ztex_ufm1_15d4.bin";
    	}
    	else if (strcmp("USB-FPGA Module 1.15x (default)", productString) == 0 && productID2 == 13)
    	{
    		firmware = "ztex_ufm1_15d4.bin";
    	}
    	else if (strcmp("USB-FPGA Module 1.15y (default)", productString) == 0 && productID2 == 15)
    	{
    		firmware = "ztex_ufm1_15y1.bin";
    	}
    
    	if (firmware == NULL)
    	{
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "could not figure out which firmware to use");
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	applog(LOG_ERR, "Mining firmware filename: %s", firmware);
    
    	fp = open_bitstream("ztex", firmware);
    	if (!fp) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "failed to open firmware file '%s'", firmware);
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	if (0 != fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex firmware fseek: %s", strerror(errno));
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	length = ftell(fp);
    	rewind(fp);
    	fw_buf = malloc(length);
    	if (!fw_buf) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not allocate memory: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	got_bytes = fread(fw_buf, 1, length, fp);
    	fclose(fp);
    	fp = NULL;
    
    	if (got_bytes < length) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Incomplete firmware read: %d/%d", __func__, (int)got_bytes, (int)length);
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	// in buf[] is still the identifier of the dummy firmware
    	// use it to compare it with the new firmware
    	char *rv = memmem(fw_buf, got_bytes, buf, 8);
    	if (rv == NULL)
    	{
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: found firmware is not ZTEX", __func__);
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	// check for dummy firmware
    	if (rv[8] == 0)
    	{
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: found a ZTEX dummy firmware", __func__);
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	if (libztex_firmwareReset(hndl, true))
    		goto done;
    
    	for (i = 0; i < length; i+= 256) {
    		// firmware wants data in small chunks like 256 bytes
    		int numbytes = (length - i) < 256 ? (length - i) : 256;
    		int k = libusb_control_transfer(hndl, 0x40, 0xA0, i, 0, fw_buf + i, numbytes, 1000);
    		if (k < numbytes)
    		{
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex device: Failed to write firmware at %d with err: %d", i, k);
    			goto done;
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (libztex_firmwareReset(hndl, false))
    		goto done;
    
    	applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex device: succesfully wrote firmware");
    	ret = CHECK_RESCAN;
    
    done:
    	if (fp)
    		fclose(fp);
    	if (hndl)
    		libusb_close(hndl);
    	return ret;
    }
    
    static bool libztex_checkCapability(struct libztex_device *ztex, int i, int j)
    {
    	if (!((i >= 0) && (i <= 5) && (j >= 0) && (j < 8) &&
    	     (((ztex->interfaceCapabilities[i] & 255) & (1 << j)) != 0))) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: capability missing: %d %d", ztex->repr, i, j);
    		return false;
    	}
    	return true;
    }
    
    static char libztex_detectBitstreamBitOrder(const unsigned char *buf, int size)
    {
    	int i;
    
    	for (i = 0; i < size - 4; i++) {
    		if (((buf[i] & 255) == 0xaa) && ((buf[i + 1] & 255) == 0x99) && ((buf[i + 2] & 255) == 0x55) && ((buf[i + 3] & 255) == 0x66))
    			return 1;
    		if (((buf[i] & 255) == 0x55) && ((buf[i + 1] & 255) == 0x99) && ((buf[i + 2] & 255) == 0xaa) && ((buf[i + 3] & 255) == 0x66))
    			return 0;
    	} 
    	applog(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to determine bitstream bit order: no signature found");
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static void libztex_swapBits(unsigned char *buf, int size)
    {
    	unsigned char c;
    	int i;
    
    	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    		c = buf[i];
    		buf[i] = ((c & 128) >> 7) |
    		         ((c & 64) >> 5) |
    		         ((c & 32) >> 3) |
    		         ((c & 16) >> 1) |
    		         ((c & 8) << 1) |
    		         ((c & 4) << 3) |
    		         ((c & 2) << 5) |
    		         ((c & 1) << 7);
    	}
    }
    
    static int libztex_getFpgaState(struct libztex_device *ztex, struct libztex_fpgastate *state)
    {
    	unsigned char buf[9];
    	int cnt;
    
    	if (!libztex_checkCapability(ztex, CAPABILITY_FPGA))
    		return -1;
    	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0xc0, 0x30, 0, 0, buf, 9, 1000);
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed getFpgaState with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    	state->fpgaConfigured = (buf[0] == 0);
    	state->fpgaChecksum = buf[1] & 0xff;
    	state->fpgaBytes = ((buf[5] & 0xff) << 24) | ((buf[4] & 0xff) << 16) | ((buf[3] & 0xff) << 8) | (buf[2] & 0xff);
    	state->fpgaInitB = buf[6] & 0xff;
    	state->fpgaFlashResult = buf[7];
    	state->fpgaFlashBitSwap = (buf[8] != 0);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static int libztex_configureFpgaHS(struct libztex_device *ztex, const char* firmware, bool force, char bs)
    {
    	struct libztex_fpgastate state;
    	const int transactionBytes = 65536;
    	unsigned char buf[transactionBytes], settings[2];
    	int tries, cnt, err;
    	FILE *fp;
    
    	if (!libztex_checkCapability(ztex, CAPABILITY_HS_FPGA))
    		return -1;
    	libztex_getFpgaState(ztex, &state);
    	if (!force && state.fpgaConfigured) {
    		applog(LOG_INFO, "Bitstream already configured");
    		return 0;
    	}
    	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0xc0, 0x33, 0, 0, settings, 2, 1000);
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed getHSFpgaSettings with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    
    	err = libusb_claim_interface(ztex->hndl, settings[1]);
    	if (err != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: failed to claim interface for hs transfer", ztex->repr);
    		return -4;
    	}
    
    	for (tries = 3; tries > 0; tries--) {
    		fp = open_bitstream("ztex", firmware);
    		if (!fp) {
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: failed to read bitstream '%s'", ztex->repr, firmware);
    			libusb_release_interface(ztex->hndl, settings[1]);
    			return -2;
    		}
    
    		libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x34, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 1000);
    		// 0x34 - initHSFPGAConfiguration
    
    		do
    		{
    			int length = fread(buf,1,transactionBytes,fp);
    
    			if (bs != 0 && bs != 1)
    				bs = libztex_detectBitstreamBitOrder(buf, length);
    			if (bs == 1)
    				libztex_swapBits(buf, length);
    
    			err = libusb_bulk_transfer(ztex->hndl, settings[0], buf, length, &cnt, 1000);
    			if (cnt != length)
    				applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: cnt != length", ztex->repr);
    			if (err != 0)
    				applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed send hs fpga data", ztex->repr);
    		}
    		while (!feof(fp));
    
    		libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x35, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 1000);
    		// 0x35 - finishHSFPGAConfiguration
    		if (cnt >= 0)
    			tries = 0;
    
    		fclose(fp);
    
    		libztex_getFpgaState(ztex, &state);
    		if (!state.fpgaConfigured) {
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: HS FPGA configuration failed: DONE pin does not go high", ztex->repr);
    			libusb_release_interface(ztex->hndl, settings[1]);
    			return -3;
    		}
    	}
    
    	libusb_release_interface(ztex->hndl, settings[1]);
    
    	nmsleep(200);
    	applog(LOG_INFO, "%s: HS FPGA configuration done", ztex->repr);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static int libztex_configureFpgaLS(struct libztex_device *ztex, const char* firmware, bool force, char bs)
    {
    	struct libztex_fpgastate state;
    	const int transactionBytes = 2048;
    	unsigned char buf[transactionBytes];
    	int tries, cnt;
    	FILE *fp;
    
    	if (!libztex_checkCapability(ztex, CAPABILITY_FPGA))
    		return -1;
    
    	libztex_getFpgaState(ztex, &state);
    	if (!force && state.fpgaConfigured) {
    		applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Bitstream already configured");
    		return 0;
    	}
    
    	for (tries = 10; tries > 0; tries--) {
    		fp = open_bitstream("ztex", firmware);
    		if (!fp) {
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: failed to read bitstream '%s'", ztex->repr, firmware);
    			return -2;
    		}
    
    		//* Reset fpga
    		cnt = libztex_resetFpga(ztex);
    		if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed reset fpga with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
    			continue;
    		}
    
    		do
    		{
    			int length = fread(buf, 1, transactionBytes, fp);
    
    			if (bs != 0 && bs != 1)
    				bs = libztex_detectBitstreamBitOrder(buf, length);
    			if (bs == 1)
    				libztex_swapBits(buf, length);
    			cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x32, 0, 0, buf, length, 5000);
    			if (cnt != length)
    			{
    				applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed send ls fpga data", ztex->repr);
    				break;
    			}
    		}
    		while (!feof(fp));
    
    		if (cnt > 0)
    			tries = 0;
    
    		fclose(fp);
    	}
    
    	libztex_getFpgaState(ztex, &state);
    	if (!state.fpgaConfigured) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: LS FPGA configuration failed: DONE pin does not go high", ztex->repr);
    		return -3;
    	}
    
    	nmsleep(200);
    	applog(LOG_INFO, "%s: FPGA configuration done", ztex->repr);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int libztex_configureFpga(struct libztex_device *ztex)
    {
    	char buf[256];
    	int rv;
    
    	strcpy(buf, ztex->bitFileName);
    	strcat(buf, ".bit");
    	rv = libztex_configureFpgaHS(ztex, buf, true, 2);
    	if (rv != 0)
    		rv = libztex_configureFpgaLS(ztex, buf, true, 2);
    	return rv;
    }
    
    int libztex_numberOfFpgas(struct libztex_device *ztex)
    {
    	int cnt;
    	unsigned char buf[3];
    
    	if (ztex->numberOfFpgas < 0) {
    		if (libztex_checkCapability(ztex, CAPABILITY_MULTI_FPGA)) {
    			cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0xc0, 0x50, 0, 0, buf, 3, 1000);
    			if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    				applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed getMultiFpgaInfo with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
    				return cnt;
    			}
    			ztex->numberOfFpgas = buf[0] + 1;
    			ztex->selectedFpga = -1;//buf[1];
    			ztex->parallelConfigSupport = (buf[2] == 1);
    		} else {
    			ztex->numberOfFpgas = 1;
    			ztex->selectedFpga = -1;//0;
    			ztex->parallelConfigSupport = false;
    		}
    	}
    	return ztex->numberOfFpgas;
    }
    
    int libztex_selectFpga(struct libztex_device *ztex)
    {
    	int cnt, fpgacnt = libztex_numberOfFpgas(ztex->root);
    	int16_t number = ztex->fpgaNum;
    
    	if (number < 0 || number >= fpgacnt) {
    		applog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: Trying to select wrong fpga (%d in %d)", ztex->repr, number, fpgacnt);
    		return 1;
    	}
    	if (ztex->root->selectedFpga != number && libztex_checkCapability(ztex->root, CAPABILITY_MULTI_FPGA)) {
    		cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->root->hndl, 0x40, 0x51, (uint16_t)number, 0, NULL, 0, 500);
    		if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to set fpga with err %d", cnt);
    			ztex->root->selectedFpga = -1;
    			return cnt;
    		}
    		ztex->root->selectedFpga = number;
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int libztex_setFreq(struct libztex_device *ztex, uint16_t freq)
    {
    	int cnt;
    	uint16_t oldfreq = ztex->freqM;
    
    	if (freq > ztex->freqMaxM)
    		freq = ztex->freqMaxM;
    
    	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x83, freq, 0, NULL, 0, 500);
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to set frequency with err %d", cnt);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    	ztex->freqM = freq;
    	if (oldfreq > ztex->freqMaxM) 
    		applog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: Frequency set to %0.1f MHz",
    		       ztex->repr, ztex->freqM1 * (ztex->freqM + 1));
    	else
    		applog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: Frequency change from %0.1f to %0.1f MHz",
    		       ztex->repr, ztex->freqM1 * (oldfreq + 1), ztex->freqM1 * (ztex->freqM + 1));
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int libztex_resetFpga(struct libztex_device *ztex)
    {
    	return libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x31, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 1000);
    }
    
    int libztex_suspend(struct libztex_device *ztex)
    {
    	if (ztex->suspendSupported) {
    		return libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x84, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 1000);
    	} else {
    		return 0;
    	}
    }
    
    int libztex_prepare_device(struct libusb_device *dev, struct libztex_device** ztex)
    {
    	struct libztex_device *newdev = *ztex;
    	int i, cnt, err;
    	unsigned char buf[64];
    
    	err = libusb_open(dev, &newdev->hndl);
    	if (err != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not open ZTEX device: %d", __func__, err);
    		return CHECK_ERROR;
    	}
    
    	err = libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &newdev->descriptor);
    	if (unlikely(err != 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to open read descriptor with error %d", err);
    		return CHECK_ERROR;
    	}
    
    	cnt = libztex_get_string_descriptor_ascii(newdev->hndl, newdev->descriptor.iSerialNumber, newdev->snString, sizeof(newdev->snString));
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read device snString with err %d", cnt);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    
    	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(newdev->hndl, 0xc0, 0x22, 0, 0, buf, 40, 500);
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read ztex descriptor with err %d", cnt);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    
    	if (buf[0] != 40 || buf[1] != 1 || buf[2] != 'Z' || buf[3] != 'T' || buf[4] != 'E' || buf[5] != 'X') {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Error reading ztex descriptor");
    		return 2;
    	}
    
    	newdev->productId[0] = buf[6];
    	newdev->productId[1] = buf[7];
    	newdev->productId[2] = buf[8];
    	newdev->productId[3] = buf[9];
    	newdev->fwVersion = buf[10];
    	newdev->interfaceVersion = buf[11];
    	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[0] = buf[12];
    	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[1] = buf[13];
    	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[2] = buf[14];
    	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[3] = buf[15];
    	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[4] = buf[16];
    	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[5] = buf[17];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[0] = buf[18];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[1] = buf[19];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[2] = buf[20];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[3] = buf[21];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[4] = buf[22];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[5] = buf[23];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[6] = buf[24];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[7] = buf[25];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[8] = buf[26];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[9] = buf[27];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[10] = buf[28];
    	newdev->moduleReserved[11] = buf[29];
    
    	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(newdev->hndl, 0xc0, 0x82, 0, 0, buf, 64, 500);
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read ztex descriptor with err %d", cnt);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    
    	if (unlikely(buf[0] != 5)) {
    		if (unlikely(buf[0] != 2 && buf[0] != 4)) {
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "Invalid BTCMiner descriptor version. Firmware must be updated (%d).", buf[0]);
    			return 3;
    		}
    		applog(LOG_WARNING, "Firmware out of date (%d).", buf[0]);
    	}
    
    	i = buf[0] > 4? 11: (buf[0] > 2? 10: 8);
    
    	while (cnt < 64 && buf[cnt] != 0)
    		cnt++;
    	if (cnt < i + 1) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Invalid bitstream file name .");
    		return 4;
    	}
    
    	newdev->bitFileName = malloc(sizeof(char) * (cnt + 1));
    	memcpy(newdev->bitFileName, &buf[i], cnt);
    	newdev->bitFileName[cnt] = 0;	
    
    	newdev->numNonces = buf[1] + 1;
    	newdev->offsNonces = ((buf[2] & 255) | ((buf[3] & 255) << 8)) - 10000;
    	newdev->freqM1 = ((buf[4] & 255) | ((buf[5] & 255) << 8) ) * 0.01;
    	newdev->freqMaxM = (buf[7] & 255);
    	newdev->freqM = (buf[6] & 255);
    	newdev->freqMDefault = newdev->freqM;
    	newdev->suspendSupported = (buf[0] == 5);
    	newdev->hashesPerClock = buf[0] > 2? (((buf[8] & 255) | ((buf[9] & 255) << 8)) + 1) / 128.0: 1.0;
    	newdev->extraSolutions = buf[0] > 4? buf[10]: 0;
    
    	applog(LOG_DEBUG, "PID: %d numNonces: %d offsNonces: %d freqM1: %f freqMaxM: %d freqM: %d suspendSupported: %s hashesPerClock: %f extraSolutions: %d",
    	                 buf[0], newdev->numNonces, newdev->offsNonces, newdev->freqM1, newdev->freqMaxM, newdev->freqM, newdev->suspendSupported ? "T": "F", 
    	                 newdev->hashesPerClock, newdev->extraSolutions);
    
    	if (buf[0] < 4) {
    		if (strncmp(newdev->bitFileName, "ztex_ufm1_15b", 13) != 0)
    			newdev->hashesPerClock = 0.5;
    		applog(LOG_WARNING, "HASHES_PER_CLOCK not defined, assuming %0.2f", newdev->hashesPerClock);
    	}
    
    	for (cnt=0; cnt < 255; cnt++) {
    		newdev->errorCount[cnt] = 0;
    		newdev->errorWeight[cnt] = 0;
    		newdev->errorRate[cnt] = 0;
    		newdev->maxErrorRate[cnt] = 0;
    	}
    
    	// fake that the last round found something valid
    	newdev->nonceCheckValid = 1;
    
    	newdev->usbbus = libusb_get_bus_number(dev);
    	newdev->usbaddress = libusb_get_device_address(dev);
    	sprintf(newdev->repr, "ZTEX %s-1", newdev->snString);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    void libztex_destroy_device(struct libztex_device* ztex)
    {
    	if (ztex->hndl != NULL) {
    		libusb_close(ztex->hndl);
    		ztex->hndl = NULL;
    	}
    	if (ztex->bitFileName != NULL) {
    		free(ztex->bitFileName);
    		ztex->bitFileName = NULL;
    	}
    	free(ztex);
    }
    
    int libztex_scanDevices(struct libztex_dev_list*** devs_p)
    {
    	int usbdevices[LIBZTEX_MAX_DESCRIPTORS];
    	struct libztex_dev_list **devs = NULL;
    	struct libztex_device *ztex = NULL;
    	int found, max_found = 0, pos = 0, err, rescan, ret = 0;
    	libusb_device **list = NULL;
    	ssize_t cnt, i;
    
    	do {
    		cnt = libusb_get_device_list(NULL, &list);
    		if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex scan devices: Failed to list usb devices with err %d", (int)cnt);
    			goto done;
    		}
    
    		for (found = rescan = i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
    			err = libztex_checkDevice(list[i]);
    			switch (err) {
    			case CHECK_ERROR:
    				applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex: Can not check device: %d", err);
    				continue;
    			case CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX:
    				continue;
    			case CHECK_OK:
    				// Got one!
    				usbdevices[found++] = i;
    				break;
    			case CHECK_RESCAN:
    				rescan = 1;
    				found++;
    				break;
    			}
    		}
    
    		if (found < max_found)
    			rescan = 1;
    		else if (found > max_found)
    			max_found = found;
    
    		if (rescan)
    			libusb_free_device_list(list, 1);
    	} while (rescan);
    
    	if (0 == found)
    		goto done;
    
    	devs = malloc(sizeof(struct libztex_dev_list *) * found);
    	if (devs == NULL) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex scan devices: Failed to allocate memory");
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	for (i = 0; i < found; i++) {
    		if (!ztex) {
    			ztex = malloc(sizeof(*ztex));
    			if (!ztex) {
    				applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not allocate memory for device struct: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
    				goto done;
    			}
    		}
    
    		ztex->bitFileName = NULL;
    		ztex->numberOfFpgas = -1;
    
    		err = libztex_prepare_device(list[usbdevices[i]], &ztex);
    		if (unlikely(err != 0)) {
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "prepare device: %d", err);
    			libztex_destroy_device(ztex);
    			ztex = NULL;
    			continue;
    		}
    
    		devs[pos] = malloc(sizeof(struct libztex_dev_list));
    		if (NULL == devs[pos]) {
    			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not allocate memory for device: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
    			libztex_destroy_device(ztex);
    			ztex = NULL;
    			continue;
    		}
    
    		devs[pos]->dev = ztex;
    		ztex = NULL;
    		devs[pos]->next = NULL;
    		if (pos > 0)
    			devs[pos - 1]->next = devs[pos];
    		pos++;
    	}
    
    	ret = pos;
    
    done:
    	if (ret > 0)
    		*devs_p = devs;
    	else if (devs)
    		free(devs);
    	if (list)
    		libusb_free_device_list(list, 1);
    	return ret;
    }
    
    int libztex_sendHashData(struct libztex_device *ztex, unsigned char *sendbuf)
    {
    	int cnt = 0, ret, len;
    
    	if (ztex == NULL || ztex->hndl == NULL)
    		return 0;
    	ret = 44; len = 0;
    	while (ret > 0) {
    		cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x80, 0, 0, sendbuf + len, ret, 1000);
    		if (cnt >= 0) {
    			ret -= cnt;
    			len += cnt;
    		} else
    			break;
    	}
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0))
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed sendHashData with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
    
    	return cnt;
    }
    
    int libztex_readHashData(struct libztex_device *ztex, struct libztex_hash_data nonces[])
    {
    	int bufsize = 12 + ztex->extraSolutions * 4;
    	int cnt = 0, i, j, ret, len;
    	unsigned char *rbuf;
    
    	if (ztex->hndl == NULL)
    		return 0;
    
    	rbuf = malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * (ztex->numNonces * bufsize));
    	if (rbuf == NULL) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed to allocate memory for reading nonces", ztex->repr);
    		return 0;
    	}
    	ret = bufsize * ztex->numNonces; len = 0;
    	while (ret > 0) {
    		cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0xc0, 0x81, 0, 0, rbuf + len, ret, 1000);
    		if (cnt >= 0) {
    			ret -= cnt;
    			len += cnt;
    		} else
    			break;
    	}
    
    	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
    		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed readHashData with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
    		free(rbuf);
    		return cnt;
    	}
    
    	for (i=0; i<ztex->numNonces; i++) {
    		memcpy((char*)&nonces[i].goldenNonce[0], &rbuf[i*bufsize], 4);
    		nonces[i].goldenNonce[0] -= ztex->offsNonces;
    		//applog(LOG_DEBUG, "W %d:0 %0.8x", i, nonces[i].goldenNonce[0]);
    
    		memcpy((char*)&nonces[i].nonce, &rbuf[(i*bufsize)+4], 4);
    		memcpy((char*)&nonces[i].hash7, &rbuf[(i*bufsize)+8], 4);
    
    		nonces[i].nonce = htole32(nonces[i].nonce);
    		nonces[i].hash7 = htole32(nonces[i].hash7);
    
    		nonces[i].nonce -= ztex->offsNonces;
    
    		for (j=0; j<ztex->extraSolutions; j++) {
    			memcpy((char*)&nonces[i].goldenNonce[j+1], &rbuf[(i*bufsize)+12+(j*4)], 4);
    			nonces[i].goldenNonce[j+1] = htole32(nonces[i].goldenNonce[j+1]);
    			nonces[i].goldenNonce[j+1] -= ztex->offsNonces;
    			//applog(LOG_DEBUG, "W %d:%d %0.8x", i, j+1, nonces[i].goldenNonce[j+1]);
    		}
    	}
    
    	free(rbuf);
    	return cnt;
    }
    
    void libztex_freeDevList(struct libztex_dev_list **devs)
    {
    	bool done = false;
    	ssize_t cnt = 0;
    
    	while (!done) {
    		if (devs[cnt]->next == NULL)
    			done = true;
    		free(devs[cnt++]);
    	}
    	free(devs);
    }