thodg/cgminer/libztex.c

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• Hash : a5b28450
  Author :
  Date : 2012-12-02T00:05:20
  

  libztex: Verify that the mining firmware is not a dummy firmware

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• libztex.c

• /**
   *   libztex.c - Ztex 1.15x fpga board support library
   *
   *   Copyright (c) 2012 nelisky.btc@gmail.com
   *   Copyright (c) 2012 Denis Ahrens <denis@h3q.com>
   *   Copyright (c) 2012 Peter Stuge <peter@stuge.se>
   *
   *   This work is based upon the Java SDK provided by ztex which is
   *   Copyright (C) 2009-2011 ZTEX GmbH.
   *   http://www.ztex.de
   *
   *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
   *   published by the Free Software Foundation.
   *
   *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
   *   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
   *   General Public License for more details.
   *
   *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   *   along with this program; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
  **/
  
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  
  #include "miner.h"
  #include "fpgautils.h"
  #include "libztex.h"
  
  #define BUFSIZE 256
  
  //* Capability index for EEPROM support.
  #define CAPABILITY_EEPROM 0,0
  //* Capability index for FPGA configuration support. 
  #define CAPABILITY_FPGA 0,1
  //* Capability index for FLASH memory support.
  #define CAPABILITY_FLASH 0,2
  //* Capability index for DEBUG helper support.
  #define CAPABILITY_DEBUG 0,3
  //* Capability index for AVR XMEGA support.
  #define CAPABILITY_XMEGA 0,4
  //* Capability index for AVR XMEGA support.
  #define CAPABILITY_HS_FPGA 0,5
  //* Capability index for AVR XMEGA support.
  #define CAPABILITY_MAC_EEPROM 0,6
  //* Capability index for multi FPGA support.
  #define CAPABILITY_MULTI_FPGA 0,7
  
  
  enum check_result {
  	CHECK_ERROR,
  	CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX,
  	CHECK_OK,
  	CHECK_RESCAN,
  };
  
  static enum check_result libztex_checkDevice(struct libusb_device *dev)
  {
  	FILE *fp = NULL;
  	libusb_device_handle *hndl = NULL;
  	struct libusb_device_descriptor desc;
  	int i, ret = CHECK_ERROR, err, cnt;
  	size_t got_bytes, length;
  	unsigned char buf[64], *fw_buf;
  	char *firmware = "ztex_ufm1_15y1.bin";
  
  	err = libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &desc);
  	if (unlikely(err != 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to open read descriptor with error %d", err);
  		return CHECK_ERROR;
  	}
  
  	if (desc.idVendor != LIBZTEX_IDVENDOR || desc.idProduct != LIBZTEX_IDPRODUCT) {
  		applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Not a ZTEX device %0.4x:%0.4x", desc.idVendor, desc.idProduct);
  		return CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX;
  	}
  
  	err = libusb_open(dev, &hndl);
  	if (err != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not open ZTEX device: %s", __func__, libusb_error_name(err));
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(hndl, 0xc0, 0x22, 0, 0, buf, 40, 500);
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read ztex descriptor with err %d", cnt);
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	if (buf[0] != 40 || buf[1] != 1 || buf[2] != 'Z' || buf[3] != 'T' || buf[4] != 'E' || buf[5] != 'X') {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Error reading ztex descriptor");
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	if (buf[6] != 10)
  	{
  		ret = CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX;
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	// 15 = 1.15y   13 = 1.15d or 1.15x
  	switch(buf[7])
  	{
  		case 13:
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "Found ztex board 1.15d or 1.15x but currently unsupported!");
  			ret = CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX;
  			goto done;
  		case 15:
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "Found ztex board 1.15y");
  			break;
  		default:
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "Found unknown ztex board");
  			ret = CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX;
  			goto done;
  	}
  
  	// testing for dummy firmware
  	if (buf[8] != 0) {
  		ret = CHECK_OK;
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	applog(LOG_ERR, "Found dummy firmware, trying to send mining firmware: %s", firmware);
  
  	fp = open_bitstream("ztex", firmware);
  	if (!fp) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "failed to open firmware file '%s'", firmware);
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	if (0 != fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex firmware fseek: %s", strerror(errno));
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	length = ftell(fp);
  	rewind(fp);
  	fw_buf = malloc(length);
  	if (!fw_buf) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not allocate memory: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	got_bytes = fread(fw_buf, 1, length, fp);
  	fclose(fp);
  	fp = NULL;
  
  	if (got_bytes < length) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Incomplete firmware read: %d/%d", __func__, got_bytes, length);
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	// in buf[] is still the identifier of the dummy firmware
  	// use it to compare it with the new firmware
  	char *rv = memmem(fw_buf, got_bytes, buf, 8);
  	if (rv == NULL)
  	{
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: found firmware is not ZTEX", __func__);
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	// check for dummy firmware
  	if (rv[8] == 0)
  	{
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: found a ZTEX dummy firmware", __func__);
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	// reset 1
  	buf[0] = 1;
  	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(hndl, 0x40, 0xA0, 0xE600, 0, buf, 1,1000);
  	if (cnt < 0)
  	{
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex reset 1 failed: %s", libusb_error_name(cnt));
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	for (i = 0; i < length; i+= 256) {
  		// firmware wants data in small chunks like 256 bytes
  		int numbytes = (length - i) < 256 ? (length - i) : 256;
  		int k = libusb_control_transfer(hndl, 0x40, 0xA0, i, 0, fw_buf + i, numbytes, 1000);
  		if (k < numbytes)
  		{
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex device: Failed to write firmware at %d with: %s", i, libusb_error_name(k));
  			goto done;
  		}
  	}
  
  	// reset 0
  	buf[0] = 0;
  	err = libusb_control_transfer(hndl, 0x40, 0xA0, 0xE600, 0, buf, 1,1000);
  	if (err < 0)
  	{
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex reset 0 failed: %s", libusb_error_name(err));
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex device: succesfully wrote firmware");
  	ret = CHECK_RESCAN;
  
  done:
  	if (fp)
  		fclose(fp);
  	if (hndl)
  		libusb_close(hndl);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static bool libztex_checkCapability(struct libztex_device *ztex, int i, int j)
  {
  	if (!((i >= 0) && (i <= 5) && (j >= 0) && (j < 8) &&
  	     (((ztex->interfaceCapabilities[i] & 255) & (1 << j)) != 0))) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: capability missing: %d %d", ztex->repr, i, j);
  		return false;
  	}
  	return true;
  }
  
  static int libztex_detectBitstreamBitOrder(const unsigned char *buf, int size)
  {
  	int i;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < size - 4; i++) {
  		if (((buf[i] & 255) == 0xaa) && ((buf[i + 1] & 255) == 0x99) && ((buf[i + 2] & 255) == 0x55) && ((buf[i + 3] & 255) == 0x66))
  			return 1;
  		if (((buf[i] & 255) == 0x55) && ((buf[i + 1] & 255) == 0x99) && ((buf[i + 2] & 255) == 0xaa) && ((buf[i + 3] & 255) == 0x66))
  			return 0;
  	} 
  	applog(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to determine bitstream bit order: no signature found");
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static void libztex_swapBits(unsigned char *buf, int size)
  {
  	unsigned char c;
  	int i;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
  		c = buf[i];
  		buf[i] = ((c & 128) >> 7) |
  		         ((c & 64) >> 5) |
  		         ((c & 32) >> 3) |
  		         ((c & 16) >> 1) |
  		         ((c & 8) << 1) |
  		         ((c & 4) << 3) |
  		         ((c & 2) << 5) |
  		         ((c & 1) << 7);
  	}
  }
  
  static int libztex_getFpgaState(struct libztex_device *ztex, struct libztex_fpgastate *state)
  {
  	unsigned char buf[9];
  	int cnt;
  
  	if (!libztex_checkCapability(ztex, CAPABILITY_FPGA))
  		return -1;
  	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0xc0, 0x30, 0, 0, buf, 9, 1000);
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed getFpgaState with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
  		return cnt;
  	}
  	state->fpgaConfigured = (buf[0] == 0);
  	state->fpgaChecksum = buf[1] & 0xff;
  	state->fpgaBytes = ((buf[5] & 0xff) << 24) | ((buf[4] & 0xff) << 16) | ((buf[3] & 0xff) << 8) | (buf[2] & 0xff);
  	state->fpgaInitB = buf[6] & 0xff;
  	state->fpgaFlashResult = buf[7];
  	state->fpgaFlashBitSwap = (buf[8] != 0);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int libztex_configureFpgaHS(struct libztex_device *ztex, const char* firmware, bool force, char bs)
  {
  	struct libztex_fpgastate state;
  	const int transactionBytes = 65536;
  	unsigned char buf[transactionBytes], settings[2];
  	int tries, cnt, buf_p, i;
  	ssize_t pos = 0;
  	FILE *fp;
  
  	if (!libztex_checkCapability(ztex, CAPABILITY_HS_FPGA))
  		return -1;
  	libztex_getFpgaState(ztex, &state);
  	if (!force && state.fpgaConfigured) {
  		applog(LOG_INFO, "Bitstream already configured");
  		return 1;
  	}
  	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0xc0, 0x33, 0, 0, settings, 2, 1000);
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed getHSFpgaSettings with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
  		return cnt;
  	}
  
  	libusb_claim_interface(ztex->hndl, settings[1]);
  
  	for (tries = 3; tries > 0; tries--) {
  		fp = open_bitstream("ztex", firmware);
  		if (!fp) {
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: failed to read firmware '%s'", ztex->repr, firmware);
  			return -2;
  		}
  
  		while (pos < transactionBytes && !feof(fp)) {
  			buf[pos++] = getc(fp);
  		}
  
  		if (feof(fp))
  			pos--;
  
  		if (bs != 0 && bs != 1)
  			bs = libztex_detectBitstreamBitOrder(buf, transactionBytes < pos? transactionBytes: pos);
  
  
  		if (bs == 1)
  			libztex_swapBits(buf, pos);
  	 
  		libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x34, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 1000);
  		// 0x34 - initHSFPGAConfiguration
  
  		buf_p = pos;
  		while (1) {
  			i = 0;
  			while (i < buf_p) {
  				if (libusb_bulk_transfer(ztex->hndl,
  				                                  settings[0],
  				                                  &buf[i],
  				                                  buf_p - i,
  				                                  &cnt, 1000) != 0) {
  					applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed send hs fpga data", ztex->repr);
  					break;
  				}
  				usleep(500);
  				i += cnt;
  			}
  			if (i < buf_p || buf_p < transactionBytes)
  				break;
  			buf_p = 0;
  			while (buf_p < transactionBytes && !feof(fp)) {
  				buf[buf_p++] = getc(fp);
  			}
  			if (feof(fp))
  				buf_p--;
  			pos += buf_p;
  			if (buf_p == 0)
  				break;
  			if (bs == 1)
  				libztex_swapBits(buf, buf_p);
  		}
  
  		libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x35, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 1000);
  		// 0x35 - finishHSFPGAConfiguration
  		if (cnt >= 0)
  			tries = 0;
  
  		fclose(fp);
  
  		libztex_getFpgaState(ztex, &state);
  		if (!state.fpgaConfigured) {
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: HS FPGA configuration failed: DONE pin does not go high", ztex->repr);
  			return -3;
  		}
  
  	}
  
  	libusb_release_interface(ztex->hndl, settings[1]);
  
  	nmsleep(200);
  	applog(LOG_INFO, "%s: HS FPGA configuration done", ztex->repr);
  	return 0;
  
  }
  
  static int libztex_configureFpgaLS(struct libztex_device *ztex, const char* firmware, bool force, char bs)
  {
  	struct libztex_fpgastate state;
  	const int transactionBytes = 2048;
  	unsigned char buf[transactionBytes], cs;
  	int tries, cnt, buf_p, i;
  	ssize_t pos = 0;
  	FILE *fp;
  
  	if (!libztex_checkCapability(ztex, CAPABILITY_FPGA))
  		return -1;
  
  	libztex_getFpgaState(ztex, &state);
  	if (!force && state.fpgaConfigured) {
  		applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Bitstream already configured");
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	for (tries = 10; tries > 0; tries--) {
  		fp = open_bitstream("ztex", firmware);
  		if (!fp) {
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: failed to read firmware '%s'", ztex->repr, firmware);
  			return -2;
  		}
  
  		cs = 0;
  		while (pos < transactionBytes && !feof(fp)) {
  			buf[pos] = getc(fp);
  			cs += buf[pos++];
  		}
  
  		if (feof(fp))
  			pos--;
  
  		if (bs != 0 && bs != 1)
  			bs = libztex_detectBitstreamBitOrder(buf, transactionBytes < pos? transactionBytes: pos);
  
  		//* Reset fpga
  		cnt = libztex_resetFpga(ztex);
  		if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed reset fpga with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		if (bs == 1)
  			libztex_swapBits(buf, pos);
  	 
  		buf_p = pos;
  		while (1) {
  			i = 0;
  			while (i < buf_p) {
  				cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x32, 0, 0, &buf[i], buf_p - i, 5000);
  				if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  					applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed send fpga data with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
  					break;
  				}
  				i += cnt;
  			}
  			if (i < buf_p || buf_p < transactionBytes)
  				break;
  			buf_p = 0;
  			while (buf_p < transactionBytes && !feof(fp)) {
  				buf[buf_p] = getc(fp);
  				cs += buf[buf_p++];
  			}
  			if (feof(fp))
  				buf_p--;
  			pos += buf_p;
  			if (buf_p == 0)
  				break;
  			if (bs == 1)
  				libztex_swapBits(buf, buf_p);
  		}
  		if (cnt >= 0)
  			tries = 0;
  
  		fclose(fp);
  	}
  
  	libztex_getFpgaState(ztex, &state);
  	if (!state.fpgaConfigured) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: LS FPGA configuration failed: DONE pin does not go high", ztex->repr);
  		return -3;
  	}
  
  	nmsleep(200);
  	applog(LOG_INFO, "%s: FPGA configuration done", ztex->repr);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int libztex_configureFpga(struct libztex_device *ztex)
  {
  	char buf[256];
  	int rv;
  
  	strcpy(buf, ztex->bitFileName);
  	strcat(buf, ".bit");
  	rv = libztex_configureFpgaHS(ztex, buf, true, 2); 
  	if (rv != 0)
  		rv = libztex_configureFpgaLS(ztex, buf, true, 2); 
  	return rv;
  }
  
  int libztex_numberOfFpgas(struct libztex_device *ztex) {
  	int cnt;
  	unsigned char buf[3];
  	if (ztex->numberOfFpgas < 0) {
  		if (libztex_checkCapability(ztex, CAPABILITY_MULTI_FPGA)) {
  			cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0xc0, 0x50, 0, 0, buf, 3, 1000);
  			if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  				applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed getMultiFpgaInfo with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
  				return cnt;
  			}
  			ztex->numberOfFpgas = buf[0] + 1;
  			ztex->selectedFpga = -1;//buf[1];
  			ztex->parallelConfigSupport = (buf[2] == 1);
  		} else {
  			ztex->numberOfFpgas = 1;
  			ztex->selectedFpga = -1;//0;
  			ztex->parallelConfigSupport = false;
  		}
  	}
  	return ztex->numberOfFpgas;
  }
  
  int libztex_selectFpga(struct libztex_device *ztex) {
  	int cnt, fpgacnt = libztex_numberOfFpgas(ztex->root);
  	int number = ztex->fpgaNum;
  	if (number < 0 || number >= fpgacnt) {
  		applog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: Trying to select wrong fpga (%d in %d)", ztex->repr, number, fpgacnt);
  		return 1;
  	}
  	if (ztex->root->selectedFpga != number && libztex_checkCapability(ztex->root, CAPABILITY_MULTI_FPGA)) {
  		cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->root->hndl, 0x40, 0x51, number, 0, NULL, 0, 500);
  		if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to set fpga with err %d", cnt);
  			return cnt;
  		}
  		ztex->root->selectedFpga = number;
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int libztex_setFreq(struct libztex_device *ztex, uint16_t freq) {
  	int cnt;
  	uint16_t oldfreq = ztex->freqM;
  
  	if (freq > ztex->freqMaxM)
  		freq = ztex->freqMaxM;
  
  	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x83, freq, 0, NULL, 0, 500);
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to set frequency with err %d", cnt);
  		return cnt;
  	}
  	ztex->freqM = freq;
  	if (oldfreq > ztex->freqMaxM) 
  		applog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: Frequency set to %0.1f MHz",
  		       ztex->repr, ztex->freqM1 * (ztex->freqM + 1));
  	else
  		applog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: Frequency change from %0.1f to %0.1f MHz",
  		       ztex->repr, ztex->freqM1 * (oldfreq + 1), ztex->freqM1 * (ztex->freqM + 1));
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int libztex_resetFpga(struct libztex_device *ztex)
  {
  	return libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x31, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 1000);
  }
  
  int libztex_suspend(struct libztex_device *ztex) {
  	if (ztex->suspendSupported) {
  		return libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x84, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 1000);
  	} else {
  		return 0;
  	}
  }
  
  int libztex_prepare_device(struct libusb_device *dev, struct libztex_device** ztex) {
  	struct libztex_device *newdev = *ztex;
  	int i, cnt, err;
  	unsigned char buf[64];
  	uint16_t langid;
  
  	err = libusb_open(dev, &newdev->hndl);
  	if (err != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not open ZTEX device: %s", __func__, libusb_error_name(err));
  		return CHECK_ERROR;
  	}
  
  	err = libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &newdev->descriptor);
  	if (unlikely(err != 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to open read descriptor with error %d", err);
  		return CHECK_ERROR;
  	}
  
  	/* We open code string descriptor retrieval and ASCII decoding here
  	 * in order to work around that libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii()
  	 * in the FreeBSD libusb implementation hits a bug in ZTEX firmware,
  	 * where the device returns more bytes than requested, causing babble,
  	 * which makes FreeBSD return an error to us.
  	 *
  	 * Avoid the mess by doing it manually the same way as libusb-1.0.
  	 */
  
  	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(newdev->hndl, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN,
  	    LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR, (LIBUSB_DT_STRING << 8) | 0,
  	    0x0000, buf, sizeof(buf), 1000);
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read device LANGIDs with err %d", cnt);
  		return cnt;
  	}
  
  	langid = libusb_le16_to_cpu(((uint16_t *)buf)[1]);
  
  	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(newdev->hndl, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN,
  	    LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR,
  	    (LIBUSB_DT_STRING << 8) | newdev->descriptor.iSerialNumber,
  	    langid, buf, sizeof(buf), 1000);
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read device snString with err %d", cnt);
  		return cnt;
  	}
  
  	/* num chars = (all bytes except bLength and bDescriptorType) / 2 */
  	for (i = 0; i <= (cnt - 2) / 2 && i < (int)sizeof(newdev->snString)-1; i++)
  		newdev->snString[i] = buf[2 + i*2];
  
  	newdev->snString[i] = 0;
  
  	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(newdev->hndl, 0xc0, 0x22, 0, 0, buf, 40, 500);
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read ztex descriptor with err %d", cnt);
  		return cnt;
  	}
  	
  	if (buf[0] != 40 || buf[1] != 1 || buf[2] != 'Z' || buf[3] != 'T' || buf[4] != 'E' || buf[5] != 'X') {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Error reading ztex descriptor");
  		return 2;
  	}
  
  	newdev->productId[0] = buf[6];
  	newdev->productId[1] = buf[7];
  	newdev->productId[2] = buf[8];
  	newdev->productId[3] = buf[9];
  	newdev->fwVersion = buf[10];
  	newdev->interfaceVersion = buf[11];
  	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[0] = buf[12];
  	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[1] = buf[13];
  	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[2] = buf[14];
  	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[3] = buf[15];
  	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[4] = buf[16];
  	newdev->interfaceCapabilities[5] = buf[17];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[0] = buf[18];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[1] = buf[19];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[2] = buf[20];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[3] = buf[21];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[4] = buf[22];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[5] = buf[23];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[6] = buf[24];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[7] = buf[25];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[8] = buf[26];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[9] = buf[27];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[10] = buf[28];
  	newdev->moduleReserved[11] = buf[29];
  
  
  	cnt = libusb_control_transfer(newdev->hndl, 0xc0, 0x82, 0, 0, buf, 64, 500);
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex check device: Failed to read ztex descriptor with err %d", cnt);
  		return cnt;
  	}
  
  	if (unlikely(buf[0] != 5)) {
  		if (unlikely(buf[0] != 2 && buf[0] != 4)) {
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "Invalid BTCMiner descriptor version. Firmware must be updated (%d).", buf[0]);
  			return 3;
  		}
  		applog(LOG_WARNING, "Firmware out of date (%d).", buf[0]);
  	}
  
  	i = buf[0] > 4? 11: (buf[0] > 2? 10: 8);
  
  	while (cnt < 64 && buf[cnt] != 0)
  		cnt++;
  	if (cnt < i + 1) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Invalid bitstream file name .");
  		return 4;
  	}
  
  	newdev->bitFileName = malloc(sizeof(char) * (cnt + 1));
  	memcpy(newdev->bitFileName, &buf[i], cnt);
  	newdev->bitFileName[cnt] = 0;	
  
  	newdev->numNonces = buf[1] + 1;
  	newdev->offsNonces = ((buf[2] & 255) | ((buf[3] & 255) << 8)) - 10000;
  	newdev->freqM1 = ((buf[4] & 255) | ((buf[5] & 255) << 8) ) * 0.01;
  	newdev->freqMaxM = (buf[7] & 255);
  	newdev->freqM = (buf[6] & 255);
  	newdev->freqMDefault = newdev->freqM;
  	newdev->suspendSupported = (buf[0] == 5);
  	newdev->hashesPerClock = buf[0] > 2? (((buf[8] & 255) | ((buf[9] & 255) << 8)) + 1) / 128.0: 1.0;
  	newdev->extraSolutions = buf[0] > 4? buf[10]: 0;
  	
  	applog(LOG_DEBUG, "PID: %d numNonces: %d offsNonces: %d freqM1: %f freqMaxM: %d freqM: %d suspendSupported: %s hashesPerClock: %f extraSolutions: %d",
  	                 buf[0], newdev->numNonces, newdev->offsNonces, newdev->freqM1, newdev->freqMaxM, newdev->freqM, newdev->suspendSupported ? "T": "F", 
  	                 newdev->hashesPerClock, newdev->extraSolutions);
  
  	if (buf[0] < 4) {
  		if (strncmp(newdev->bitFileName, "ztex_ufm1_15b", 13) != 0)
  			newdev->hashesPerClock = 0.5;
  		applog(LOG_WARNING, "HASHES_PER_CLOCK not defined, assuming %0.2f", newdev->hashesPerClock);
  	}
  
  	for (cnt=0; cnt < 255; cnt++) {
  		newdev->errorCount[cnt] = 0;
  		newdev->errorWeight[cnt] = 0;
  		newdev->errorRate[cnt] = 0;
  		newdev->maxErrorRate[cnt] = 0;
  	}
  
  	newdev->usbbus = libusb_get_bus_number(dev);
  	newdev->usbaddress = libusb_get_device_address(dev);
  	sprintf(newdev->repr, "ZTEX %s-1", newdev->snString);
  	newdev->valid = true;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  void libztex_destroy_device(struct libztex_device* ztex)
  {
  	if (ztex->hndl != NULL) {
  		libusb_close(ztex->hndl);
  		ztex->hndl = NULL;
  	}
  	if (ztex->bitFileName != NULL) {
  		free(ztex->bitFileName);
  		ztex->bitFileName = NULL;
  	}
  	free(ztex);
  }
  
  int libztex_scanDevices(struct libztex_dev_list*** devs_p)
  {
  	int usbdevices[LIBZTEX_MAX_DESCRIPTORS];
  	struct libztex_dev_list **devs = NULL;
  	struct libusb_device_descriptor dev_descr;
  	struct libztex_device *ztex = NULL;
  	int found, max_found = 0, pos = 0, err, rescan, ret = 0;
  	libusb_device **list = NULL;
  	ssize_t cnt, i;
  
  	do {
  		cnt = libusb_get_device_list(NULL, &list);
  		if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex scan devices: Failed to list usb devices with err %d", cnt);
  			goto done;
  		}
  
  		for (found = rescan = i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
  			err = libztex_checkDevice(list[i]);
  			switch (err) {
  			case CHECK_ERROR:
  				applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex: Can not check device: %s", libusb_error_name(err));
  				continue;
  			case CHECK_IS_NOT_ZTEX:
  				continue;
  			case CHECK_OK:
  				// Got one!
  				usbdevices[found++] = i;
  				break;
  			case CHECK_RESCAN:
  				rescan = 1;
  				found++;
  				break;
  			}
  		}
  
  		if (found < max_found)
  			rescan = 1;
  		else if (found > max_found)
  			max_found = found;
  
  		if (rescan)
  			libusb_free_device_list(list, 1);
  	} while (rescan);
  
  	if (0 == found)
  		goto done;
  
  	devs = malloc(sizeof(struct libztex_dev_list *) * found);
  	if (devs == NULL) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "Ztex scan devices: Failed to allocate memory");
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	for (i = 0; i < found; i++) {
  		if (!ztex) {
  			ztex = malloc(sizeof(*ztex));
  			if (!ztex) {
  				applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not allocate memory for device struct: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
  				goto done;
  			}
  		}
  
  		ztex->bitFileName = NULL;
  		ztex->numberOfFpgas = -1;
  		ztex->valid = false;
  
  		err = libztex_prepare_device(list[usbdevices[i]], &ztex);
  		if (unlikely(err != 0)) {
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "prepare device: %d", err);
  			libztex_destroy_device(ztex);
  			ztex = NULL;
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		devs[pos] = malloc(sizeof(struct libztex_dev_list));
  		if (NULL == devs[pos]) {
  			applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Can not allocate memory for device: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
  			libztex_destroy_device(ztex);
  			ztex = NULL;
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		devs[pos]->dev = ztex;
  		ztex = NULL;
  		devs[pos]->next = NULL;
  		if (pos > 0)
  			devs[pos - 1]->next = devs[pos];
  		pos++;
  	}
  
  	ret = pos;
  
  done:
  	if (ret > 0)
  		*devs_p = devs;
  	else if (devs)
  		free(devs);
  	if (list)
  		libusb_free_device_list(list, 1);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  int libztex_sendHashData(struct libztex_device *ztex, unsigned char *sendbuf)
  {
  	int cnt, ret, len;
  
  	if (ztex == NULL || ztex->hndl == NULL)
  		return 0;
  	ret = 44; len = 0;
  	while (ret > 0) {
  		cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0x40, 0x80, 0, 0, sendbuf + len, ret, 1000);
  		if (cnt >= 0) {
  			ret -= cnt;
  			len += cnt;
  		} else
  			break;
  	}
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0))
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed sendHashData with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
  	
  	return cnt;
  }
  
  int libztex_readHashData(struct libztex_device *ztex, struct libztex_hash_data nonces[]) {
  	int bufsize = 12 + ztex->extraSolutions * 4;
  	int cnt = 0, i, j, ret, len;
  	unsigned char *rbuf;
  
  	if (ztex->hndl == NULL)
  		return 0;
  	
  	rbuf = malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * (ztex->numNonces * bufsize));
  	if (rbuf == NULL) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed to allocate memory for reading nonces", ztex->repr);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	ret = bufsize * ztex->numNonces; len = 0;
  	while (ret > 0) {
  		cnt = libusb_control_transfer(ztex->hndl, 0xc0, 0x81, 0, 0, rbuf + len, ret, 1000);
  		if (cnt >= 0) {
  			ret -= cnt;
  			len += cnt;
  		} else
  			break;
  	}
  
  	if (unlikely(cnt < 0)) {
  		applog(LOG_ERR, "%s: Failed readHashData with err %d", ztex->repr, cnt);
  		free(rbuf);
  		return cnt;
  	}
  
  	for (i=0; i<ztex->numNonces; i++) {
  		memcpy((char*)&nonces[i].goldenNonce[0], &rbuf[i*bufsize], 4);
  		nonces[i].goldenNonce[0] -= ztex->offsNonces;
  		//applog(LOG_DEBUG, "W %d:0 %0.8x", i, nonces[i].goldenNonce[0]);
  		
  		memcpy((char*)&nonces[i].nonce, &rbuf[(i*bufsize)+4], 4);
  		nonces[i].nonce -= ztex->offsNonces;
  		memcpy((char*)&nonces[i].hash7, &rbuf[(i*bufsize)+8], 4);
  
  		for (j=0; j<ztex->extraSolutions; j++) {
  			memcpy((char*)&nonces[i].goldenNonce[j+1], &rbuf[(i*bufsize)+12+(j*4)], 4);
  			nonces[i].goldenNonce[j+1] -= ztex->offsNonces;
  			//applog(LOG_DEBUG, "W %d:%d %0.8x", i, j+1, nonces[i].goldenNonce[j+1]);
  		}
  	}
  
  	free(rbuf);
  	return cnt;
  }
  
  void libztex_freeDevList(struct libztex_dev_list **devs)
  {
  	bool done = false;
  	ssize_t cnt = 0;
  
  	while (!done) {
  		if (devs[cnt]->next == NULL)
  			done = true;
  		free(devs[cnt++]);
  	}
  	free(devs);
  }
  

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