scripts/generate_loader.py


Log

Author Commit Date CI Message
Jamie Madill bba47588 2022-10-19T11:59:10 Update ANGLE API loaders to avoid C++ syntax. This replaces "using" with "typedef" in the various loaders. This will allow C traces to use the loaders, which in turn will allow us to implement a C interpreter. Bug: angleproject:7731 Change-Id: I37838bcafc290502fca0038d1b50554b6a301e65 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/3966533 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Yuxin Hu <yuxinhu@google.com> Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com>
Jamie Madill 5b3781ec 2022-10-03T16:09:35 Remove namespacing from all ANGLE loaders. This will make it easier to work with pure C files. Bug: angleproject:7731 Change-Id: I2fe9af486af5f339d973c9149f082eb1f2efa8c4 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/3925426 Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill 3da24b5c 2022-05-16T11:58:59 Move trace loader code to a common location. With that Capture/Replay will be able to make use of the same code. CL authored by gert.wollny@collabora.com. Bug: angleproject:4964 Change-Id: Ie1ba663169a34929f5a169ab74c7042e9fd5deb0 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/3645441 Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org>
Lubosz Sarnecki 952cb6a1 2021-09-24T11:24:15 WGLWindow: Add support for color spaces. Add WGL_ARB_pixel_format and WGL_EXT_colorspace to generate_loader.py. Call wglChoosePixelFormatARB from WGL_ARB_pixel_format and use enums from WGL_EXT_colorspace. Fall back to ChoosePixelFormat if wglChoosePixelFormatARB is not available or does not find a format. Bug: angleproject:6366 Change-Id: I900f6fd6ee0501d5343f21c303b40f1347a53765 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/3181720 Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: Lubosz Sarnecki <lubosz.sarnecki@collabora.com>
Jamie Madill 259ae49c 2021-08-20T10:51:31 Capture/Replay: Isolate trace export definitions. This small fix to the export header means we no longer include the "restricted_traces_autogen.h" in each and every trace file. That means when we change/add/remove a trace we no longer need to recompile each and every trace. Speeds up iteration time when working with the traces. Also fixes inconsistent path generation on Windows. Bug: angleproject:5133 Change-Id: I357d65477a683455d01379379e2e98431af2ed55 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/3110749 Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Reviewed-by: Tim Van Patten <timvp@google.com> Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org>
Geoff Lang 232e5236 2021-07-08T15:08:35 Remove the explicit context extension. This extension currently has no known users and doubles the number of entry points that ANGLE exports which is a significant binary size cost. This saves about 130kb of binary size on Android. Bug: chromium:1084580 Change-Id: Ib0fc4930b38a33bd61434f7d0030ba9fb9b93ba7 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/3015518 Commit-Queue: Geoff Lang <geofflang@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Shahbaz Youssefi <syoussefi@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org>
John Plate 05fb2272 2021-04-27T19:31:31 Add support for OpenCL ICD Loader Bug: angleproject:5908 Change-Id: Idafc0d15b69f9a21f2ab5e48c4c34f0dc0e0ee96 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2854598 Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Commit-Queue: John Plate <jplate@google.com>
John Plate 8994fc7b 2021-04-12T19:46:11 Migrate CL entry points to libGLESv2 Bug: angleproject:5759 Change-Id: I79644e7bda3ad0a15eb041b2805b8765c0d22029 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2822258 Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Commit-Queue: John Plate <jplate@google.com>
John Plate 65586746 2021-03-10T19:02:12 add cl entry points loader Bug: angleproject:5743 Change-Id: I61791f412e8dbc54878cd3791519ad1c4ee33399 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2749595 Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: John Plate <jplate@google.com>
Lubosz Sarnecki 37752956 2021-02-11T16:12:48 Generators: Use fixed year in license headers. Remove dynamic year generation from generator scripts, as required by the Chromium C++ style guide. The dynamic year values were replaced by the current year at the time the file was created according to git log. The code to dynamically generate the year was removed. This patch also refreshes generated files and hashes. Bug: angleproject:5516 Change-Id: I735028bccb5c83217e92c380538f1abf0a906b2c Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2690950 Commit-Queue: Lubosz Sarnecki <lubosz.sarnecki@collabora.com> Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Geoff Lang <geofflang@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill 7e990ef4 2021-02-16T18:15:43 Clean ups to generate_entry_points. Switches to Python 3 support. Made a change to run_code_generation to support this. Affects several generators. Also updates the generator to make a few other small cleanups. Bug: angleproject:5653 Change-Id: I045173c9ca85947c4eac22285701032c09f4c8d0 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2699187 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Reviewed-by: Geoff Lang <geofflang@chromium.org>
Cody Northrop 0fa6c307 2021-02-04T11:23:06 Enable ES 3.2 in ANGLE's loader Test: Capture and replay ES 3.2 apps Bug: angleproject:5652 Change-Id: I2dac84d3cf6534ee1b10889ba1312ae247ae8f62 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2698391 Reviewed-by: Shahbaz Youssefi <syoussefi@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com>
Mohan Maiya 4f96bf19 2020-11-16T08:25:18 Remove duplicate entry of glProgramUniformMatrix4fvEXT in gl.xml The GL_EXT_separate_shader_objects section of gl.xml has duplicate entries for glProgramUniformMatrix4fvEXT. Remove that locally, while this khronos bug - https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenGL-Registry/issues/443 tracks the upstream fix. Also add an assert in the script to error out when duplicates exist. Bug: angleproject:3570 Change-Id: Id0799b0e4f5ec6bc6beb3e18b5f888afec8ac169 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2539119 Commit-Queue: Mohan Maiya <m.maiya@samsung.com> Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Shahbaz Youssefi <syoussefi@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill 98035e11 2020-11-09T17:55:39 Capture/Replay: Split into separate shared libaries. This will produce several smaller shared libs rather than one very large one. Involves moving the trace loader to its own shared module as well. Because the traces didn't have export labels on most of the affected functions I had to use a "force include" argument on the compiler. We can remove this once we re-capture. This is a first step towards testing one trace at a time on an Android device. Includes a complete set of new regenerated traces. Bug: angleproject:5133 Change-Id: If984de34af21fce48b0832401dbe5aa4b002ce95 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2506199 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Reviewed-by: Ian Elliott <ianelliott@google.com>
Jamie Madill bda2205d 2020-09-17T14:37:25 Traces: Move up from tests/perf_tests/ to tests/. The trace tests aren't strictly for performance. Since we'll be using them for correctenss testing as well it makes sense to move them out of the perf_tests/ folder. Also renames RestrictedTraceTests.md to README.md so it'll load automatically in gitiles. Bug: angleproject:4090 Bug: b/168049670 Change-Id: I8be9f1d831489a9abf534d049a93441687850142 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2416913 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com>
Jamie Madill f3a38d97 2020-07-23T19:00:34 Add a custom trace tests loader. This custom loader will disambiguate the trace tests gl layer from the util GL/EGL loader. Bug: angleproject:4845 Change-Id: I5e8340eb50f736d931302f71f15f556fd9e52081 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2315627 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Reviewed-by: Manh Nguyen <nguyenmh@google.com>
Jamie Madill 1c3e322c 2020-05-01T12:22:20 Work around strange git cl format issue. For some reason this line of code confused git cl format in that it would generate different results depending on when it was called: "PFNEGLSTREAMCONSUMERGLTEXTUREEXTERNALATTRIBSNVPROC ANGLE_EGL_StreamConsumerGLTextureExternalAttribsNV;" I wasn't able to root cause the bug. Instead I worked around it by changing the signatures for this file. Bug: angleproject:4596 Change-Id: I4f18e03d27d378480b19831de51c4e85d815ca66 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2176157 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Mohan Maiya <m.maiya@samsung.com>
Jamie Madill 5540a307 2020-04-29T11:57:24 GL loaders: Add 'ANGLE' symbol prefix. This should prevent debuggers like RenderDoc from getting confused about symbol names. It's also generally good practice to avoid overloading names. Change-Id: Ie9fd3f77f45479bdf6925dae3e03fb4ac85bdb8a Bug: angleproject:4596 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2171684 Reviewed-by: Courtney Goeltzenleuchter <courtneygo@google.com> Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com> Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill 80f55e97 2020-02-28T15:05:41 Expose glGetInteger64vEXT. This entry point is specifically for retrieving very large timestamp values from EXT_disjoint_time_query. In GLES 2.0 contexts with the Vulkan back-end we were getting some astronomical values that couldn't be cast to 32-bit ints. Also fix missing dependencies in generate_loader.py. Bug: angleproject:4433 Change-Id: I59146dcc1a163a24ac2d7c37546f4551a7a8890a Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/2080595 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Cody Northrop <cnorthrop@google.com>
Tim Van Patten a79c2440 2019-07-29T11:34:21 Make libEGL function pointers hidden in symbol table The libEGL_angle.so and libGLESv2_angle.so libraries are typically loaded into the same process each time, so we need to make sure there aren't any duplicated symbols which could violate ODR and lead to crashes or undefined behavior. In this case, the libEGL_angle.so function pointer names were colliding with libGLESv2_angle.so function names, causing crashes at runtime. The fix here is to mark the libEGL_angle.so function pointer symbols 'hidden', so they don't appear in the symbol table for other executables/libraries to see and can't be overridden by other symbols. Bug: angleproject:3751 Test: Embed ANGLE within dEQP.apk and verify no crashes Change-Id: Ibb78369374a4a68b3489a7dd7775c52e29fa37e0 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/1724909 Commit-Queue: Tim Van Patten <timvp@google.com> Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill 20d380fa 2019-06-03T15:21:47 Print stack backtrace on critical failure. We reuse code from Skia to walk the stack on Posix platforms. See: https://github.com/google/skia/blob/master/tools/CrashHandler.cpp On Windows we use a BSD-licensed tool called StackWalker. See: https://github.com/JochenKalmbach/StackWalker This allows us to get high quality stack traces on Win/Linux/Mac. Bug: angleproject:3162 Change-Id: I9c50ede2c6a41ed0ee85a0507372df42a487bcef Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/1632950 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Yuly Novikov <ynovikov@chromium.org>
Geoff Lang d7d42395 2019-05-06T13:15:35 Format all of ANGLE's python code. BUG=angleproject:3421 Change-Id: I1d7282ac513c046de5d8ed87f7789290780d30a6 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/1595440 Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: Geoff Lang <geofflang@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill 0f34f3f2 2019-03-11T10:18:57 Use auto_script in run_code_generation. Cleans up the generator scripts to prepare for listing outputs in the generated hashes file. Also reorganizes the scripts somewhat to make them a bit more maintainable. Bug: angleproject:3227 Change-Id: If40946c2004941d3f6cd51d5521c7db8cc0b52df Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/angle/angle/+/1512052 Reviewed-by: Shahbaz Youssefi <syoussefi@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Geoff Lang <geofflang@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org>
jchen10 55f20f68 2019-01-14T15:44:25 Fix generate_loader.py The message printed by the #error macro should be enclosed in marks for gcc. Bug: angleproject:2995 Change-Id: I5d8ebb28ef5e225eb88990642b6b58936cad4369 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1407542 Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: Jie A Chen <jie.a.chen@intel.com>
Jamie Madill 1f56ed2a 2019-01-03T15:24:22 Add WGLWindow and WGL test configs. WGLWindow lets us use a Windows driver's bindings instead of ANGLE. This only works if the underlying driver supports OpenGL ES compatibility. Also adds the WGL headers, WGL XML, and a specialized WGL loader. Because of a small driver issue with NVIDIA I added a retry for the WGL Window initialization. Bug: angleproject:2995 Change-Id: Ie5148ece470dd03df33015f4919ad1fa79a859ec Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1366021 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Yuly Novikov <ynovikov@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill ba319ba3 2018-12-29T10:29:33 Re-land "Load entry points dynamically in tests and samples." Fixes the Android/ChromeOS/Fuchsia builds by using consistent EGL headers. This CL adds a dynamic loader generator based on XML files. It also refactors the entry point generation script to move the XML parsing into a helper class. Additionally this includes a new GLES 1.0 base header. The new header allows for function pointer types and hiding prototypes. All tests and samples now load ANGLE dynamically. In the future this will be extended to load entry points from the driver directly when possible. This will allow us to perform more accurate A/B testing. The new build configuration leads to some tests having more warnings applied. The CL includes fixes for the new warnings. Bug: angleproject:2995 Change-Id: I5a8772f41a0f89570b3736b785f44b7de1539b57 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1392382 Reviewed-by: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org>
Yuly Novikov 9f088621 2018-12-29T20:46:15 Revert "Load entry points dynamically in tests and samples." This reverts commit 03923558a7103827ffec6a4d2a1453ed91f01c6f. Reason for revert: fails compilation on Android, ChromeOS and Fuchsia during roll https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/1392624 Original change's description: > Load entry points dynamically in tests and samples. > > This CL adds a dynamic loader generator based on XML files. It also > refactors the entry point generation script to move the XML parsing > into a helper class. > > Additionally this includes a new GLES 1.0 base header. The new > header allows for function pointer types and hiding prototypes. > > All tests and samples now load ANGLE dynamically. In the future this > will be extended to load entry points from the driver directly when > possible. This will allow us to perform more accurate A/B testing. > > The new build configuration leads to some tests having more warnings > applied. The CL includes fixes for the new warnings. > > Bug: angleproject:2995 > Change-Id: I6726d4163f7a6e54d2482f094c0a952f59702a05 > Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1359516 > Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> > Reviewed-by: Shahbaz Youssefi <syoussefi@chromium.org> TBR=ynovikov@chromium.org,jmadill@chromium.org,syoussefi@chromium.org Change-Id: I902bec2d733c2b879be29c02ab52a0b7d4eaa077 No-Presubmit: true No-Tree-Checks: true No-Try: true Bug: angleproject:2995 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1392381 Reviewed-by: Yuly Novikov <ynovikov@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: Yuly Novikov <ynovikov@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill 03923558 2018-12-29T10:29:33 Load entry points dynamically in tests and samples. This CL adds a dynamic loader generator based on XML files. It also refactors the entry point generation script to move the XML parsing into a helper class. Additionally this includes a new GLES 1.0 base header. The new header allows for function pointer types and hiding prototypes. All tests and samples now load ANGLE dynamically. In the future this will be extended to load entry points from the driver directly when possible. This will allow us to perform more accurate A/B testing. The new build configuration leads to some tests having more warnings applied. The CL includes fixes for the new warnings. Bug: angleproject:2995 Change-Id: I6726d4163f7a6e54d2482f094c0a952f59702a05 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1359516 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Shahbaz Youssefi <syoussefi@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill 4638dc9d 2018-12-17T13:13:49 Re-land "Load correct libGLESv2 on Linux and Mac." Re-land fixes build to ensure commit_id is built before libEGL. libEGL was implicitly loading libGLESv2 on startup. This is bad because on platforms like Linux and Mac we could sometimes use the incorrect rpath. This in turn meant we needed workarounds like using "_angle" extensions to our shared objects to get the correct loading behaviour. Fix this by loading libGLESv2 dynamically in libEGL. We build the loader automatically from egl.xml. The loader itself is lazily initialized on every EGL entry point call. This is necessary because on Linux, etc, there is no equivalent to Windows' DLLMain. We also use an EGL.h with different generation options so we have the proper function pointer types. A README is included for instructions on how to regenerate EGL.h. The entry point generation script is refactored into a helper class that is used in the loader generator. Also adds the libGLESv2 versions of the EGL entry points in the DEF file on Windows. This allows them to be imported properly in 32-bit configurations. Also fixes up some errors in ANGLE's entry point definitions. Also includes a clang-format disable rule for the Khronos headers. This CL will help us to run ANGLE tests against native drivers. Bug: angleproject:2871 Bug: chromium:915731 Change-Id: I4192a938d1f4117cea1bf1399c98bda7ac25ddab Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1380511 Reviewed-by: Yuly Novikov <ynovikov@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org>
Yuly Novikov 175d918a 2018-12-16T19:53:23 Revert "Load correct libGLESv2 on Linux and Mac." This reverts commit dd815b623e60a1e1550f328104ffcd7caf20fde1. Reason for revert: Broke https://luci-milo.appspot.com/p/chromium/builders/luci.chromium.ci/win-rel/8006 Original change's description: > Load correct libGLESv2 on Linux and Mac. > > libEGL was implicitly loading libGLESv2 on startup. This is bad > because on platforms like Linux and Mac we could sometimes use the > incorrect rpath. This in turn meant we needed workarounds like using > "_angle" extensions to our shared objects to get the correct loading > behaviour. > > Fix this by loading libGLESv2 dynamically in libEGL. We build the > loader automatically from egl.xml. The loader itself is lazily > initialized on every EGL entry point call. This is necessary because > on Linux, etc, there is no equivalent to Windows' DLLMain. > > We also use an EGL.h with different generation options so we have the > proper function pointer types. A README is included for instructions > on how to regenerate EGL.h. > > The entry point generation script is refactored into a helper class > that is used in the loader generator. Also adds the libGLESv2 versions > of the EGL entry points in the DEF file on Windows. This allows them to > be imported properly in 32-bit configurations. > > Also fixes up some errors in ANGLE's entry point definitions. Also > includes a clang-format disable rule for the Khronos headers. > > This CL will help us to run ANGLE tests against native drivers. > > Bug: angleproject:2871 > Change-Id: Id6ecf969308f17b1be4083538428c9c1a1836572 > Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1370725 > Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> > Reviewed-by: Geoff Lang <geofflang@chromium.org> TBR=ynovikov@chromium.org,geofflang@chromium.org,jmadill@chromium.org Change-Id: I921b3c45435ab4f05cbc2d1c1172b4185d6257b0 No-Presubmit: true No-Tree-Checks: true No-Try: true Bug: angleproject:2871 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1378887 Reviewed-by: Yuly Novikov <ynovikov@chromium.org> Commit-Queue: Yuly Novikov <ynovikov@chromium.org>
Jamie Madill dd815b62 2018-12-15T10:39:00 Load correct libGLESv2 on Linux and Mac. libEGL was implicitly loading libGLESv2 on startup. This is bad because on platforms like Linux and Mac we could sometimes use the incorrect rpath. This in turn meant we needed workarounds like using "_angle" extensions to our shared objects to get the correct loading behaviour. Fix this by loading libGLESv2 dynamically in libEGL. We build the loader automatically from egl.xml. The loader itself is lazily initialized on every EGL entry point call. This is necessary because on Linux, etc, there is no equivalent to Windows' DLLMain. We also use an EGL.h with different generation options so we have the proper function pointer types. A README is included for instructions on how to regenerate EGL.h. The entry point generation script is refactored into a helper class that is used in the loader generator. Also adds the libGLESv2 versions of the EGL entry points in the DEF file on Windows. This allows them to be imported properly in 32-bit configurations. Also fixes up some errors in ANGLE's entry point definitions. Also includes a clang-format disable rule for the Khronos headers. This CL will help us to run ANGLE tests against native drivers. Bug: angleproject:2871 Change-Id: Id6ecf969308f17b1be4083538428c9c1a1836572 Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/1370725 Commit-Queue: Jamie Madill <jmadill@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Geoff Lang <geofflang@chromium.org>