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kc3-lang/libbsd/man/libbsd.7
Guillem Jover
- man/libbsd.7
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.\" libbsd man page .\" .\" Copyright © 2017-2024 Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org> .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products .\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, .\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY .\" AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL .\" THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, .\" EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, .\" PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; .\" OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, .\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR .\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF .\" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .Dd January 8, 2024 .Dt libbsd 7 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm libbsd .Nd utility functions from BSD systems .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm libbsd library provides a set of compatibility macros and functions commonly found on BSD-based systems. Its purpose is to make those available on non-BSD based systems to ease portability. .Pp The library can be used in an overlay mode, which is the preferred way, so that the code is portable and requires no modification to the original BSD code. This can be done easily with the .Xr pkgconf 1 library named .Pa libbsd-overlay . Or by adding the system-specific include directory with the .Pa bsd/ suffix to the list of system include paths. With .Nm gcc this could be .Ar -isystem ${includedir}/bsd . In addition the .Dv LIBBSD_OVERLAY pre-processor variable needs to be defined. The includes in this case should be the usual system ones, such as .In unistd.h . .Pp The other way to use the library is to use the namespaced headers, which is a discouraged way, being less portable as it makes using .Nm libbsd mandatory and it will not work on BSD-based systems, and requires modifying original BSD code. This can be done with the .Xr pkgconf 1 library named .Pa libbsd . The includes in this case should be namespaced with .Pa bsd/ , such as .In bsd/unistd.h . .Pp The package also provides a .Nm libbsd-ctor static library that can be used to inject automatic constructors into a program so that the .Xr setproctitle_init 3bsd function gets invoked automatically at startup time. This can be done with the .Xr pkgconf 1 library named .Pa libbsd-ctor . .Sh HEADERS The following are the headers provided by .Nm libbsd , that extend the standard system headers. They can work in normal or overlay modes, for the former they need to be prefixed with .Pa bsd/ . .Pp .Bl -tag -width 4m -compact .It In bitstring.h .It In err.h .It In getopt.h .It In grp.h .It In inttypes.h .It In libutil.h .It In md5.h .It In netinet/ip_icmp.h .It In nlist.h .It In pwd.h .It In readpassphrase.h .It In stdio.h .It In stdlib.h .It In string.h .It In stringlist.h .It In sys/bitstring.h .It In sys/cdefs.h .It In sys/endian.h .It In sys/param.h .It In sys/poll.h .It In sys/queue.h .It In sys/time.h .It In sys/tree.h .It In timeconv.h .It In unistd.h .It In vis.h .It In wchar.h .El .Pp The following is a .Pa libbsd specific convenience header, that includes some of the extended headers. It only works in non-overlay mode. .Pp .Bl -tag -width 4m -compact .It In bsd/bsd.h .El .Sh VARIANTS Some functions have different prototypes depending on the BSD where they originated from, and these various implementations provided are selectable at build-time. .Pp This is the list of functions that provide multiple implementations: .Pp .Bl -tag -width 4m -compact .It Xr strnvis 3bsd .It Xr strnunvis 3bsd .Nx added .Xr strnvis 3bsd and .Xr strnunvis 3bsd but unfortunately made it incompatible with the existing one in .Ox and Freedesktop's libbsd (the former having existed for over ten years). Despite this incompatibility being reported during development (see http://gnats.netbsd.org/44977) they still shipped it. Even more unfortunately .Fx and later macOS picked up this incompatible implementation. .Pp Provide both implementations and default for now to the historical one to avoid breakage, but we will switch to the .Nx one in a later release, which is internally consistent with the other .Xr vis 3bsd functions and is now more widespread. Define .Dv LIBBSD_NETBSD_VIS to switch to the .Nx one now. Define .Dv LIBBSD_OPENBSD_VIS to keep using the .Ox one. .El .Sh DEPRECATED Some functions have been deprecated, they will emit warnings at compile time and possibly while being linked at run-time. This might be due to the functions not being portable at all to other systems, making the package not buildable there; not portable in a correct or non-buggy way; or because there are better more portable replacements now. .Pp This is the list of currently deprecated macros and functions: .Bl -tag -width 4m .It Xr fgetln 3bsd Unportable, requires assistance from the stdio layer. An implementation has to choose between leaking buffers or being reentrant for a limited amount of streams (this implementation chose the latter with a limit of 32). Use .Xr getline 3 instead, which is available in many systems and required by .St -p1003.1-2008 . .It Xr fgetwln 3bsd Unportable, requires assistance from the stdio layer. An implementation has to choose between leaking buffers or being reentrant for a limited amount of streams (this implementation chose the latter with a limit of 32). Use .Xr fgetwc 3 instead, which is available in many systems and required by .St -isoC-99 and .St -p1003.1-2001 . .It Xr funopen 3bsd Unportable, requires assistance from the stdio layer or some hook framework. On glibc- and musl-based systems the .Xr fopencookie 3 function can be used. Otherwise the code needs to be prepared for neither of these functions being available. .El .Sh SUPERSEDED Some functions have been superseded by implementations in other system libraries, and might disappear on the next SONAME bump, assuming those other implementation have widespread deployment, or the implementations are present in all major .Nm libc for example. .Pp .Bl -tag -width 4m -compact .It Xr MD5Init 3 .It Xr MD5Update 3 .It Xr MD5Pad 3 .It Xr MD5Final 3 .It Xr MD5Transform 3 .It Xr MD5End 3 .It Xr MD5File 3 .It Xr MD5FileChunk 3 .It Xr MD5Data 3 The set of MD5 digest functions are now proxies for the implementations provided by the .Nm libmd companion library, so it is advised to switch to use that directly instead. .It Xr explicit_bzero 3bsd This function is provided by .Nm glibc 2.25, and .Nm musl 1.1.20. .It Xr reallocarray 3bsd This function is provided by .Nm glibc 2.26, and .Nm musl 1.2.2. .It Xr closefrom 3bsd This function is provided by .Nm glibc 2.34. .It Xr arc4random 3bsd .It Xr arc4random_buf 3bsd .It Xr arc4random_uniform 3bsd These functions are provided by .Nm glibc 2.36. Note that it does not provide the .Xr arc4random_stir 3bsd and .Xr arc4random_addrandom 3bsd functions. .It Xr strlcpy 3bsd .It Xr strlcat 3bsd These functions are provided by .Nm glibc 2.38, and .Nm musl 0.5.0. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr arc4random 3bsd , .Xr bitstring 3bsd , .Xr byteorder 3bsd , .Xr closefrom 3bsd , .Xr errc 3bsd , .Xr expand_number 3bsd , .Xr explicit_bzero 3bsd , .Xr fgetln 3bsd , .Xr fgetwln 3bsd , .Xr flopen 3bsd , .Xr fmtcheck 3bsd , .Xr fparseln 3bsd , .Xr fpurge 3bsd , .Xr funopen 3bsd , .Xr getbsize 3bsd , .Xr getpeereid 3bsd , .Xr getprogname 3bsd , .Xr heapsort 3bsd , .Xr humanize_number 3bsd , .Xr md5 3bsd , .Xr nlist 3bsd , .Xr pidfile 3bsd , .Xr pwcache 3bsd , .Xr queue 3bsd , .Xr radixsort 3bsd , .Xr readpassphrase 3bsd , .Xr reallocarray 3bsd , .Xr reallocf 3bsd , .Xr setmode 3bsd , .Xr setproctitle 3bsd , .Xr stringlist 3bsd , .Xr strlcpy 3bsd , .Xr strmode 3bsd , .Xr strnstr 3bsd , .Xr strtoi 3bsd , .Xr strtonum 3bsd , .Xr strtou 3bsd , .Xr timeradd 3bsd , .Xr timeval 3bsd , .Xr tree 3bsd , .Xr unvis 3bsd , .Xr vis 3bsd , .Xr wcslcpy 3bsd . .Sh HISTORY The .Nm libbsd project started in the Debian GNU/kFreeBSD port as a way to ease porting code from FreeBSD to the GNU-based system. Pretty early on it was generalized and a project created on FreeDesktop.org for other distributions and projects to use. .Pp It is now distributed as part of most non-BSD distributions.