kc3-lang/libjpeg-turbo/cjpeg.1

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• Author : DRC
  Date : 2021-11-30 15:06:54
  Hash : 73eff6ef
  Message : cjpeg: auto. compr. gray BMP/GIF-->grayscale JPEG aa7459050d7a50e1d8a99488902d41fbc118a50f was supposed to enable this for BMP input images but didn't, due to a similar oversight to the one fixed in the previous commit.

• cjpeg.1

• .TH CJPEG 1 "30 November 2021"
  .SH NAME
  cjpeg \- compress an image file to a JPEG file
  .SH SYNOPSIS
  .B cjpeg
  [
  .I options
  ]
  [
  .I filename
  ]
  .LP
  .SH DESCRIPTION
  .LP
  .B cjpeg
  compresses the named image file, or the standard input if no file is
  named, and produces a JPEG/JFIF file on the standard output.
  The currently supported input file formats are: PPM (PBMPLUS color
  format), PGM (PBMPLUS grayscale format), BMP, GIF, and Targa.
  .SH OPTIONS
  All switch names may be abbreviated; for example,
  .B \-grayscale
  may be written
  .B \-gray
  or
  .BR \-gr .
  Most of the "basic" switches can be abbreviated to as little as one letter.
  Upper and lower case are equivalent (thus
  .B \-BMP
  is the same as
  .BR \-bmp ).
  British spellings are also accepted (e.g.,
  .BR \-greyscale ),
  though for brevity these are not mentioned below.
  .PP
  The basic switches are:
  .TP
  .BI \-quality " N[,...]"
  Scale quantization tables to adjust image quality.  Quality is 0 (worst) to
  100 (best); default is 75.  (See below for more info.)
  .TP
  .B \-grayscale
  Create monochrome JPEG file from color input.  By saying
  .BR \-grayscale,
  you'll get a smaller JPEG file that takes less time to process.
  .TP
  .B \-rgb
  Create RGB JPEG file.
  Using this switch suppresses the conversion from RGB
  colorspace input to the default YCbCr JPEG colorspace.
  .TP
  .B \-optimize
  Perform optimization of entropy encoding parameters.  Without this, default
  encoding parameters are used.
  .B \-optimize
  usually makes the JPEG file a little smaller, but
  .B cjpeg
  runs somewhat slower and needs much more memory.  Image quality and speed of
  decompression are unaffected by
  .BR \-optimize .
  .TP
  .B \-progressive
  Create progressive JPEG file (see below).
  .TP
  .B \-targa
  Input file is Targa format.  Targa files that contain an "identification"
  field will not be automatically recognized by
  .BR cjpeg ;
  for such files you must specify
  .B \-targa
  to make
  .B cjpeg
  treat the input as Targa format.
  For most Targa files, you won't need this switch.
  .PP
  The
  .B \-quality
  switch lets you trade off compressed file size against quality of the
  reconstructed image: the higher the quality setting, the larger the JPEG file,
  and the closer the output image will be to the original input.  Normally you
  want to use the lowest quality setting (smallest file) that decompresses into
  something visually indistinguishable from the original image.  For this
  purpose the quality setting should generally be between 50 and 95 (the default
  is 75) for photographic images.  If you see defects at
  .B \-quality
  75, then go up 5 or 10 counts at a time until you are happy with the output
  image.  (The optimal setting will vary from one image to another.)
  .PP
  .B \-quality
  100 will generate a quantization table of all 1's, minimizing loss in the
  quantization step (but there is still information loss in subsampling, as well
  as roundoff error.)  For most images, specifying a quality value above
  about 95 will increase the size of the compressed file dramatically, and while
  the quality gain from these higher quality values is measurable (using metrics
  such as PSNR or SSIM), it is rarely perceivable by human vision.
  .PP
  In the other direction, quality values below 50 will produce very small files
  of low image quality.  Settings around 5 to 10 might be useful in preparing an
  index of a large image library, for example.  Try
  .B \-quality
  2 (or so) for some amusing Cubist effects.  (Note: quality
  values below about 25 generate 2-byte quantization tables, which are
  considered optional in the JPEG standard.
  .B cjpeg
  emits a warning message when you give such a quality value, because some
  other JPEG programs may be unable to decode the resulting file.  Use
  .B \-baseline
  if you need to ensure compatibility at low quality values.)
  .PP
  The \fB-quality\fR option has been extended in this version of \fBcjpeg\fR to
  support separate quality settings for luminance and chrominance (or, in
  general, separate settings for every quantization table slot.)  The principle
  is the same as chrominance subsampling:  since the human eye is more sensitive
  to spatial changes in brightness than spatial changes in color, the chrominance
  components can be quantized more than the luminance components without
  incurring any visible image quality loss.  However, unlike subsampling, this
  feature reduces data in the frequency domain instead of the spatial domain,
  which allows for more fine-grained control.  This option is useful in
  quality-sensitive applications, for which the artifacts generated by
  subsampling may be unacceptable.
  .PP
  The \fB-quality\fR option accepts a comma-separated list of parameters, which
  respectively refer to the quality levels that should be assigned to the
  quantization table slots.  If there are more q-table slots than parameters,
  then the last parameter is replicated.  Thus, if only one quality parameter is
  given, this is used for both luminance and chrominance (slots 0 and 1,
  respectively), preserving the legacy behavior of cjpeg v6b and prior.
  More (or customized) quantization tables can be set with the \fB-qtables\fR
  option and assigned to components with the \fB-qslots\fR option (see the
  "wizard" switches below.)
  .PP
  JPEG files generated with separate luminance and chrominance quality are fully
  compliant with standard JPEG decoders.
  .PP
  .BR CAUTION:
  For this setting to be useful, be sure to pass an argument of \fB-sample 1x1\fR
  to \fBcjpeg\fR to disable chrominance subsampling.  Otherwise, the default
  subsampling level (2x2, AKA "4:2:0") will be used.
  .PP
  The
  .B \-progressive
  switch creates a "progressive JPEG" file.  In this type of JPEG file, the data
  is stored in multiple scans of increasing quality.  If the file is being
  transmitted over a slow communications link, the decoder can use the first
  scan to display a low-quality image very quickly, and can then improve the
  display with each subsequent scan.  The final image is exactly equivalent to a
  standard JPEG file of the same quality setting, and the total file size is
  about the same --- often a little smaller.
  .PP
  Switches for advanced users:
  .TP
  .B \-arithmetic
  Use arithmetic coding.
  .B Caution:
  arithmetic coded JPEG is not yet widely implemented, so many decoders will be
  unable to view an arithmetic coded JPEG file at all.
  .TP
  .B \-dct int
  Use accurate integer DCT method (default).
  .TP
  .B \-dct fast
  Use less accurate integer DCT method [legacy feature].
  When the Independent JPEG Group's software was first released in 1991, the
  compression time for a 1-megapixel JPEG image on a mainstream PC was measured
  in minutes.  Thus, the \fBfast\fR integer DCT algorithm provided noticeable
  performance benefits.  On modern CPUs running libjpeg-turbo, however, the
  compression time for a 1-megapixel JPEG image is measured in milliseconds, and
  thus the performance benefits of the \fBfast\fR algorithm are much less
  noticeable.  On modern x86/x86-64 CPUs that support AVX2 instructions, the
  \fBfast\fR and \fBint\fR methods have similar performance.  On other types of
  CPUs, the \fBfast\fR method is generally about 5-15% faster than the \fBint\fR
  method.
  
  For quality levels of 90 and below, there should be little or no perceptible
  quality difference between the two algorithms.  For quality levels above 90,
  however, the difference between the \fBfast\fR and \fBint\fR methods becomes
  more pronounced.  With quality=97, for instance, the \fBfast\fR method incurs
  generally about a 1-3 dB loss in PSNR relative to the \fBint\fR method, but
  this can be larger for some images.  Do not use the \fBfast\fR method with
  quality levels above 97.  The algorithm often degenerates at quality=98 and
  above and can actually produce a more lossy image than if lower quality levels
  had been used.  Also, in libjpeg-turbo, the \fBfast\fR method is not fully
  accelerated for quality levels above 97, so it will be slower than the
  \fBint\fR method.
  .TP
  .B \-dct float
  Use floating-point DCT method [legacy feature].
  The \fBfloat\fR method does not produce significantly more accurate results
  than the \fBint\fR method, and it is much slower.  The \fBfloat\fR method may
  also give different results on different machines due to varying roundoff
  behavior, whereas the integer methods should give the same results on all
  machines.
  .TP
  .BI \-icc " file"
  Embed ICC color management profile contained in the specified file.
  .TP
  .BI \-restart " N"
  Emit a JPEG restart marker every N MCU rows, or every N MCU blocks if "B" is
  attached to the number.
  .B \-restart 0
  (the default) means no restart markers.
  .TP
  .BI \-smooth " N"
  Smooth the input image to eliminate dithering noise.  N, ranging from 1 to
  100, indicates the strength of smoothing.  0 (the default) means no smoothing.
  .TP
  .BI \-maxmemory " N"
  Set limit for amount of memory to use in processing large images.  Value is
  in thousands of bytes, or millions of bytes if "M" is attached to the
  number.  For example,
  .B \-max 4m
  selects 4000000 bytes.  If more space is needed, an error will occur.
  .TP
  .BI \-outfile " name"
  Send output image to the named file, not to standard output.
  .TP
  .BI \-memdst
  Compress to memory instead of a file.  This feature was implemented mainly as a
  way of testing the in-memory destination manager (jpeg_mem_dest()), but it is
  also useful for benchmarking, since it reduces the I/O overhead.
  .TP
  .BI \-report
  Report compression progress.
  .TP
  .BI \-strict
  Treat all warnings as fatal.  Enabling this option will cause the compressor to
  abort if an LZW-compressed GIF input image contains incomplete or corrupt image
  data.
  .TP
  .B \-verbose
  Enable debug printout.  More
  .BR \-v 's
  give more output.  Also, version information is printed at startup.
  .TP
  .B \-debug
  Same as
  .BR \-verbose .
  .TP
  .B \-version
  Print version information and exit.
  .PP
  The
  .B \-restart
  option inserts extra markers that allow a JPEG decoder to resynchronize after
  a transmission error.  Without restart markers, any damage to a compressed
  file will usually ruin the image from the point of the error to the end of the
  image; with restart markers, the damage is usually confined to the portion of
  the image up to the next restart marker.  Of course, the restart markers
  occupy extra space.  We recommend
  .B \-restart 1
  for images that will be transmitted across unreliable networks such as Usenet.
  .PP
  The
  .B \-smooth
  option filters the input to eliminate fine-scale noise.  This is often useful
  when converting dithered images to JPEG: a moderate smoothing factor of 10 to
  50 gets rid of dithering patterns in the input file, resulting in a smaller
  JPEG file and a better-looking image.  Too large a smoothing factor will
  visibly blur the image, however.
  .PP
  Switches for wizards:
  .TP
  .B \-baseline
  Force baseline-compatible quantization tables to be generated.  This clamps
  quantization values to 8 bits even at low quality settings.  (This switch is
  poorly named, since it does not ensure that the output is actually baseline
  JPEG.  For example, you can use
  .B \-baseline
  and
  .B \-progressive
  together.)
  .TP
  .BI \-qtables " file"
  Use the quantization tables given in the specified text file.
  .TP
  .BI \-qslots " N[,...]"
  Select which quantization table to use for each color component.
  .TP
  .BI \-sample " HxV[,...]"
  Set JPEG sampling factors for each color component.
  .TP
  .BI \-scans " file"
  Use the scan script given in the specified text file.
  .PP
  The "wizard" switches are intended for experimentation with JPEG.  If you
  don't know what you are doing, \fBdon't use them\fR.  These switches are
  documented further in the file wizard.txt.
  .SH EXAMPLES
  .LP
  This example compresses the PPM file foo.ppm with a quality factor of
  60 and saves the output as foo.jpg:
  .IP
  .B cjpeg \-quality
  .I 60 foo.ppm
  .B >
  .I foo.jpg
  .SH HINTS
  Color GIF files are not the ideal input for JPEG; JPEG is really intended for
  compressing full-color (24-bit) images.  In particular, don't try to convert
  cartoons, line drawings, and other images that have only a few distinct
  colors.  GIF works great on these, JPEG does not.  If you want to convert a
  GIF to JPEG, you should experiment with
  .BR cjpeg 's
  .B \-quality
  and
  .B \-smooth
  options to get a satisfactory conversion.
  .B \-smooth 10
  or so is often helpful.
  .PP
  Avoid running an image through a series of JPEG compression/decompression
  cycles.  Image quality loss will accumulate; after ten or so cycles the image
  may be noticeably worse than it was after one cycle.  It's best to use a
  lossless format while manipulating an image, then convert to JPEG format when
  you are ready to file the image away.
  .PP
  The
  .B \-optimize
  option to
  .B cjpeg
  is worth using when you are making a "final" version for posting or archiving.
  It's also a win when you are using low quality settings to make very small
  JPEG files; the percentage improvement is often a lot more than it is on
  larger files.  (At present,
  .B \-optimize
  mode is always selected when generating progressive JPEG files.)
  .SH ENVIRONMENT
  .TP
  .B JPEGMEM
  If this environment variable is set, its value is the default memory limit.
  The value is specified as described for the
  .B \-maxmemory
  switch.
  .B JPEGMEM
  overrides the default value specified when the program was compiled, and
  itself is overridden by an explicit
  .BR \-maxmemory .
  .SH SEE ALSO
  .BR djpeg (1),
  .BR jpegtran (1),
  .BR rdjpgcom (1),
  .BR wrjpgcom (1)
  .br
  .BR ppm (5),
  .BR pgm (5)
  .br
  Wallace, Gregory K.  "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard",
  Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34, no. 4), pp. 30-44.
  .SH AUTHOR
  Independent JPEG Group
  .PP
  This file was modified by The libjpeg-turbo Project to include only information
  relevant to libjpeg-turbo, to wordsmith certain sections, and to describe
  features not present in libjpeg.
  .SH ISSUES
  Not all variants of BMP and Targa file formats are supported.
  .PP
  The
  .B \-targa
  switch is not a bug, it's a feature.  (It would be a bug if the Targa format
  designers had not been clueless.)