thodg/libgit2

diff --git a/include/git2/errors.h b/include/git2/errors.h
index b915606..2ba9924 100644
--- a/include/git2/errors.h
+++ b/include/git2/errors.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ typedef enum {
 	GIT_ELOCKED         = -14,	/**< Lock file prevented operation */
 	GIT_EMODIFIED       = -15,	/**< Reference value does not match expected */
 	GIT_EAUTH           = -16,      /**< Authentication error */
+	GIT_ECERTIFICATE    = -17,      /**< Server certificate is invalid */
 
 	GIT_PASSTHROUGH     = -30,	/**< Internal only */
 	GIT_ITEROVER        = -31,	/**< Signals end of iteration with iterator */
diff --git a/include/git2/remote.h b/include/git2/remote.h
index de5823e..055f5e5 100644
--- a/include/git2/remote.h
+++ b/include/git2/remote.h
@@ -408,14 +408,6 @@ GIT_EXTERN(int) git_remote_supported_url(const char* url);
 GIT_EXTERN(int) git_remote_list(git_strarray *out, git_repository *repo);
 
 /**
- * Choose whether to check the server's certificate (applies to HTTPS only)
- *
- * @param remote the remote to configure
- * @param check whether to check the server's certificate (defaults to yes)
- */
-GIT_EXTERN(void) git_remote_check_cert(git_remote *remote, int check);
-
-/**
  * Argument to the completion callback which tells it which operation
  * finished.
  */
@@ -456,6 +448,14 @@ struct git_remote_callbacks {
 	git_cred_acquire_cb credentials;
 
 	/**
+	 * If cert verification fails, this will be called to let the
+	 * user make the final decision of whether to allow the
+	 * connection to proceed. Returns 1 to allow the connection, 0
+	 * to disallow it or a negative value to indicate an error.
+	 */
+        git_transport_certificate_check_cb certificate_check;
+
+	/**
 	 * During the download of new data, this will be regularly
 	 * called with the current count of progress done by the
 	 * indexer.
diff --git a/include/git2/sys/transport.h b/include/git2/sys/transport.h
index 62ac455..1e8f4e4 100644
--- a/include/git2/sys/transport.h
+++ b/include/git2/sys/transport.h
@@ -23,9 +23,6 @@ GIT_BEGIN_DECL
 
 typedef enum {
 	GIT_TRANSPORTFLAGS_NONE = 0,
-	/* If the connection is secured with SSL/TLS, the authenticity
-	 * of the server certificate should not be verified. */
-	GIT_TRANSPORTFLAGS_NO_CHECK_CERT = 1
 } git_transport_flags_t;
 
 typedef struct git_transport git_transport;
@@ -37,6 +34,7 @@ struct git_transport {
 		git_transport *transport,
 		git_transport_message_cb progress_cb,
 		git_transport_message_cb error_cb,
+		git_transport_certificate_check_cb certificate_check_cb,
 		void *payload);
 
 	/* Connect the transport to the remote repository, using the given
diff --git a/include/git2/transport.h b/include/git2/transport.h
index 7090698..39df479 100644
--- a/include/git2/transport.h
+++ b/include/git2/transport.h
@@ -20,6 +20,67 @@
  */
 GIT_BEGIN_DECL
 
+/**
+ * Type of SSH host fingerprint
+ */
+typedef enum {
+	/** MD5 is available */
+	GIT_CERT_SSH_MD5 = (1 << 0),
+	/** SHA-1 is available */
+	GIT_CERT_SSH_SHA1 = (1 << 1),
+} git_cert_ssh_t;
+
+/**
+ * Hostkey information taken from libssh2
+ */
+typedef struct {
+	/**
+	 * Type of certificate. Here to share the header with
+	 * `git_cert`.
+	 */
+	git_cert_t cert_type;
+        /**
+         * A hostkey type from libssh2, either
+         * `GIT_CERT_SSH_MD5` or `GIT_CERT_SSH_SHA1`
+         */
+	git_cert_ssh_t type;
+
+        /**
+         * Hostkey hash. If type has `GIT_CERT_SSH_MD5` set, this will
+         * have the MD5 hash of the hostkey.
+         */
+	unsigned char hash_md5[16];
+
+        /**
+         * Hostkey hash. If type has `GIT_CERT_SSH_SHA1` set, this will
+         * have the SHA-1 hash of the hostkey.
+         */
+        unsigned char hash_sha1[20];
+} git_cert_hostkey;
+
+/**
+ * X.509 certificate information
+ */
+typedef struct {
+	/**
+	 * Type of certificate. Here to share the header with
+	 * `git_cert`.
+	 */
+	git_cert_t cert_type;
+	/**
+	 * Pointer to the X.509 certificate data
+	 */
+	void *data;
+	/**
+	 * Length of the memory block pointed to by `data`.
+	 */
+	size_t len;
+} git_cert_x509;
+
+/*
+ *** Begin interface for credentials acquisition ***
+ */
+
 /** Authentication type requested */
 typedef enum {
 	/* git_cred_userpass_plaintext */
diff --git a/include/git2/types.h b/include/git2/types.h
index 7ed1bcd..7ee7cc3 100644
--- a/include/git2/types.h
+++ b/include/git2/types.h
@@ -254,6 +254,44 @@ typedef int (*git_transfer_progress_cb)(const git_transfer_progress *stats, void
 typedef int (*git_transport_message_cb)(const char *str, int len, void *payload);
 
 /**
+ * Type of host certificate structure that is passed to the check callback
+ */
+typedef enum git_cert_t {
+        /**
+         * The `data` argument to the callback will be a pointer to
+         * the DER-encoded data.
+         */
+	GIT_CERT_X509,
+        /**
+         * The `data` argument to the callback will be a pointer to a
+         * `git_cert_hostkey` structure.
+         */
+	GIT_CERT_HOSTKEY_LIBSSH2,
+} git_cert_t;
+
+/**
+ * Parent type for `git_cert_hostkey` and `git_cert_x509`.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+	/**
+	 * Type of certificate. A `GIT_CERT_` value.
+	 */
+	git_cert_t cert_type;
+} git_cert;
+
+/**
+ * Callback for the user's custom certificate checks.
+ *
+ * @param type The type of certificate or host info, SSH or X.509
+ * @param data The data for the certificate or host info
+ * @param len The size of the certificate or host info
+ * @param valid Whether the libgit2 checks (OpenSSL or WinHTTP) think
+ * this certificate is valid
+ * @param payload Payload provided by the caller
+ */
+typedef int (*git_transport_certificate_check_cb)(git_cert *cert, int valid, void *payload);
+
+/**
  * Opaque structure representing a submodule.
  */
 typedef struct git_submodule git_submodule;
diff --git a/script/cibuild.sh b/script/cibuild.sh
index e58c084..abe31d0 100755
--- a/script/cibuild.sh
+++ b/script/cibuild.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export GITTEST_REMOTE_URL="git://localhost/test.git"
 mkdir _build
 cd _build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../_install $OPTIONS || exit $?
-cmake --build . --target install || exit $?
+make -j2 install || exit $?
 ctest -V . || exit $?
 
 # Now that we've tested the raw git protocol, let's set up ssh to we
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -N "" -q
 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
 ssh-keyscan -t rsa localhost >>~/.ssh/known_hosts
 
+# Get the fingerprint for localhost and remove the colons so we can parse it as a hex number
+export GITTEST_REMOTE_SSH_FINGERPRINT=$(ssh-keygen -F localhost -l | tail -n 1 | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | tr -d ':')
+
 export GITTEST_REMOTE_URL="ssh://localhost/$HOME/_temp/test.git"
 export GITTEST_REMOTE_USER=$USER
 export GITTEST_REMOTE_SSH_KEY="$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa"
@@ -40,6 +43,6 @@ export GITTEST_REMOTE_SSH_PUBKEY="$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
 export GITTEST_REMOTE_SSH_PASSPHRASE=""
 
 if [ -e ./libgit2_clar ]; then
-    ./libgit2_clar -sonline::push -sonline::clone::cred_callback &&
+    ./libgit2_clar -sonline::push -sonline::clone::cred_callback -sonline::clone::ssh_cert &&
     ./libgit2_clar -sonline::clone::ssh_with_paths
 fi
diff --git a/src/netops.c b/src/netops.c
index fceb4fb..43b8c53 100644
--- a/src/netops.c
+++ b/src/netops.c
@@ -384,10 +384,10 @@ on_error:
 cert_fail_name:
 	OPENSSL_free(peer_cn);
 	giterr_set(GITERR_SSL, "hostname does not match certificate");
-	return -1;
+	return GIT_ECERTIFICATE;
 }
 
-static int ssl_setup(gitno_socket *socket, const char *host, int flags)
+static int ssl_setup(gitno_socket *socket, const char *host)
 {
 	int ret;
 
@@ -406,9 +406,6 @@ static int ssl_setup(gitno_socket *socket, const char *host, int flags)
 	if ((ret = SSL_connect(socket->ssl.ssl)) <= 0)
 		return ssl_set_error(&socket->ssl, ret);
 
-	if (GITNO_CONNECT_SSL_NO_CHECK_CERT & flags)
-		return 0;
-
 	return verify_server_cert(&socket->ssl, host);
 }
 #endif
@@ -494,8 +491,9 @@ int gitno_connect(gitno_socket *s_out, const char *host, const char *port, int f
 	p_freeaddrinfo(info);
 
 #ifdef GIT_SSL
-	if ((flags & GITNO_CONNECT_SSL) && ssl_setup(s_out, host, flags) < 0)
-		return -1;
+	if ((flags & GITNO_CONNECT_SSL) &&
+	    (ret = ssl_setup(s_out, host)) < 0)
+		return ret;
 #else
 	/* SSL is not supported */
 	if (flags & GITNO_CONNECT_SSL) {
diff --git a/src/netops.h b/src/netops.h
index dfb4ab7..beb0e07 100644
--- a/src/netops.h
+++ b/src/netops.h
@@ -47,10 +47,6 @@ typedef struct gitno_buffer gitno_buffer;
 enum {
 	/* Attempt to create an SSL connection. */
 	GITNO_CONNECT_SSL = 1,
-
-	/* Valid only when GITNO_CONNECT_SSL is also specified.
-	 * Indicates that the server certificate should not be validated. */
-	GITNO_CONNECT_SSL_NO_CHECK_CERT = 2,
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/remote.c b/src/remote.c
index b0b5ff9..dfad946 100644
--- a/src/remote.c
+++ b/src/remote.c
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ static int ensure_remote_name_is_valid(const char *name)
 	return error;
 }
 
+#if 0
+/* We could export this as a helper */
 static int get_check_cert(int *out, git_repository *repo)
 {
 	git_config *cfg;
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ static int get_check_cert(int *out, git_repository *repo)
 	*out = git_config__get_bool_force(cfg, "http.sslverify", 1);
 	return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 static int create_internal(git_remote **out, git_repository *repo, const char *name, const char *url, const char *fetch)
 {
@@ -121,9 +124,6 @@ static int create_internal(git_remote **out, git_repository *repo, const char *n
 	remote->repo = repo;
 	remote->update_fetchhead = 1;
 
-	if (get_check_cert(&remote->check_cert, repo) < 0)
-		goto on_error;
-
 	if (git_vector_init(&remote->refs, 32, NULL) < 0)
 		goto on_error;
 
@@ -274,7 +274,6 @@ int git_remote_dup(git_remote **dest, git_remote *source)
 	remote->transport_cb_payload = source->transport_cb_payload;
 	remote->repo = source->repo;
 	remote->download_tags = source->download_tags;
-	remote->check_cert = source->check_cert;
 	remote->update_fetchhead = source->update_fetchhead;
 
 	if (git_vector_init(&remote->refs, 32, NULL) < 0 ||
@@ -369,9 +368,6 @@ int git_remote_load(git_remote **out, git_repository *repo, const char *name)
 	remote->name = git__strdup(name);
 	GITERR_CHECK_ALLOC(remote->name);
 
-	if ((error = get_check_cert(&remote->check_cert, repo)) < 0)
-		goto cleanup;
-
 	if (git_vector_init(&remote->refs, 32, NULL) < 0 ||
 	    git_vector_init(&remote->refspecs, 2, NULL) < 0 ||
 	    git_vector_init(&remote->active_refspecs, 2, NULL) < 0) {
@@ -673,12 +669,9 @@ int git_remote_connect(git_remote *remote, git_direction direction)
 		return error;
 
 	if (t->set_callbacks &&
-		(error = t->set_callbacks(t, remote->callbacks.sideband_progress, NULL, remote->callbacks.payload)) < 0)
+	    (error = t->set_callbacks(t, remote->callbacks.sideband_progress, NULL, remote->callbacks.certificate_check, remote->callbacks.payload)) < 0)
 		goto on_error;
 
-	if (!remote->check_cert)
-		flags |= GIT_TRANSPORTFLAGS_NO_CHECK_CERT;
-
 	if ((error = t->connect(t, url, remote->callbacks.credentials, remote->callbacks.payload, direction, flags)) != 0)
 		goto on_error;
 
@@ -1248,13 +1241,6 @@ int git_remote_list(git_strarray *remotes_list, git_repository *repo)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void git_remote_check_cert(git_remote *remote, int check)
-{
-	assert(remote);
-
-	remote->check_cert = check;
-}
-
 int git_remote_set_callbacks(git_remote *remote, const git_remote_callbacks *callbacks)
 {
 	assert(remote && callbacks);
@@ -1267,6 +1253,7 @@ int git_remote_set_callbacks(git_remote *remote, const git_remote_callbacks *cal
 		return remote->transport->set_callbacks(remote->transport,
 			remote->callbacks.sideband_progress,
 			NULL,
+			remote->callbacks.certificate_check,
 			remote->callbacks.payload);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/src/remote.h b/src/remote.h
index c471756..f88601e 100644
--- a/src/remote.h
+++ b/src/remote.h
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ struct git_remote {
 	git_transfer_progress stats;
 	unsigned int need_pack;
 	git_remote_autotag_option_t download_tags;
-	int check_cert;
 	int update_fetchhead;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/transports/http.c b/src/transports/http.c
index f9df53b..7ef0b51 100644
--- a/src/transports/http.c
+++ b/src/transports/http.c
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ git_http_auth_scheme auth_schemes[] = {
 	{ GIT_AUTHTYPE_BASIC, "Basic", GIT_CREDTYPE_USERPASS_PLAINTEXT, git_http_auth_basic },
 };
 
+#ifdef GIT_SSL
+# include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#endif
+
 static const char *upload_pack_service = "upload-pack";
 static const char *upload_pack_ls_service_url = "/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack";
 static const char *upload_pack_service_url = "/git-upload-pack";
@@ -524,7 +528,7 @@ static int write_chunk(gitno_socket *socket, const char *buffer, size_t len)
 
 static int http_connect(http_subtransport *t)
 {
-	int flags = 0;
+	int flags = 0, error;
 
 	if (t->connected &&
 		http_should_keep_alive(&t->parser) &&
@@ -541,13 +545,55 @@ static int http_connect(http_subtransport *t)
 			return -1;
 
 		flags |= GITNO_CONNECT_SSL;
-
-		if (GIT_TRANSPORTFLAGS_NO_CHECK_CERT & tflags)
-			flags |= GITNO_CONNECT_SSL_NO_CHECK_CERT;
 	}
 
-	if (gitno_connect(&t->socket, t->connection_data.host, t->connection_data.port, flags) < 0)
-		return -1;
+	error = gitno_connect(&t->socket, t->connection_data.host, t->connection_data.port, flags);
+
+#ifdef GIT_SSL
+	if ((!error || error == GIT_ECERTIFICATE) && t->owner->certificate_check_cb != NULL) {
+                X509 *cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(t->socket.ssl.ssl);
+		git_cert_x509 cert_info;
+                int len, is_valid;
+		unsigned char *guard, *encoded_cert;
+
+		/* Retrieve the length of the certificate first */
+		len = i2d_X509(cert, NULL);
+		if (len < 0) {
+			giterr_set(GITERR_NET, "failed to retrieve certificate information");
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+
+		encoded_cert = git__malloc(len);
+		GITERR_CHECK_ALLOC(encoded_cert);
+		/* i2d_X509 makes 'copy' point to just after the data */
+		guard = encoded_cert;
+
+		len = i2d_X509(cert, &guard);
+		if (len < 0) {
+			git__free(encoded_cert);
+			giterr_set(GITERR_NET, "failed to retrieve certificate information");
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		giterr_clear();
+		is_valid = error != GIT_ECERTIFICATE;
+		cert_info.cert_type = GIT_CERT_X509;
+		cert_info.data = encoded_cert;
+		cert_info.len = len;
+                error = t->owner->certificate_check_cb((git_cert *) &cert_info, is_valid, t->owner->message_cb_payload);
+		git__free(encoded_cert);
+
+		if (error < 0) {
+			if (!giterr_last())
+				giterr_set(GITERR_NET, "user cancelled certificate check");
+
+			return error;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	t->connected = 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -608,6 +654,7 @@ replay:
 
 	while (!*bytes_read && !t->parse_finished) {
 		size_t data_offset;
+		int error;
 
 		/*
 		 * Make the parse_buffer think it's as full of data as
@@ -654,8 +701,8 @@ replay:
 		if (PARSE_ERROR_REPLAY == t->parse_error) {
 			s->sent_request = 0;
 
-			if (http_connect(t) < 0)
-				return -1;
+			if ((error = http_connect(t)) < 0)
+				return error;
 
 			goto replay;
 		}
@@ -907,8 +954,8 @@ static int http_action(
 		 (ret = gitno_connection_data_from_url(&t->connection_data, url, NULL)) < 0)
 		return ret;
 
-	if (http_connect(t) < 0)
-		return -1;
+	if ((ret = http_connect(t)) < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	switch (action) {
 	case GIT_SERVICE_UPLOADPACK_LS:
diff --git a/src/transports/smart.c b/src/transports/smart.c
index a5c3e82..d0f9c90 100644
--- a/src/transports/smart.c
+++ b/src/transports/smart.c
@@ -53,12 +53,14 @@ static int git_smart__set_callbacks(
 	git_transport *transport,
 	git_transport_message_cb progress_cb,
 	git_transport_message_cb error_cb,
+	git_transport_certificate_check_cb certificate_check_cb,
 	void *message_cb_payload)
 {
 	transport_smart *t = (transport_smart *)transport;
 
 	t->progress_cb = progress_cb;
 	t->error_cb = error_cb;
+	t->certificate_check_cb = certificate_check_cb;
 	t->message_cb_payload = message_cb_payload;
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/src/transports/smart.h b/src/transports/smart.h
index b29faae..44e241a 100644
--- a/src/transports/smart.h
+++ b/src/transports/smart.h
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ typedef struct {
 	int flags;
 	git_transport_message_cb progress_cb;
 	git_transport_message_cb error_cb;
+	git_transport_certificate_check_cb certificate_check_cb;
 	void *message_cb_payload;
 	git_smart_subtransport *wrapped;
 	git_smart_subtransport_stream *current_stream;
diff --git a/src/transports/ssh.c b/src/transports/ssh.c
index a57d27d..15a45ca 100644
--- a/src/transports/ssh.c
+++ b/src/transports/ssh.c
@@ -473,6 +473,46 @@ static int _git_ssh_setup_conn(
 		GITERR_CHECK_ALLOC(port);
 	}
 
+	if ((error = gitno_connect(&s->socket, host, port, 0)) < 0)
+		goto on_error;
+
+	if ((error = _git_ssh_session_create(&session, s->socket)) < 0)
+		goto on_error;
+
+	if (t->owner->certificate_check_cb != NULL) {
+		git_cert_hostkey cert = { 0 };
+		const char *key;
+
+		cert.cert_type = GIT_CERT_HOSTKEY_LIBSSH2;
+
+		key = libssh2_hostkey_hash(session, LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_HASH_SHA1);
+		if (key != NULL) {
+			cert.type |= GIT_CERT_SSH_SHA1;
+			memcpy(&cert.hash_sha1, key, 20);
+		}
+
+		key = libssh2_hostkey_hash(session, LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_HASH_MD5);
+		if (key != NULL) {
+			cert.type |= GIT_CERT_SSH_MD5;
+			memcpy(&cert.hash_md5, key, 16);
+		}
+
+		if (cert.type == 0) {
+			giterr_set(GITERR_SSH, "unable to get the host key");
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		/* We don't currently trust any hostkeys */
+		giterr_clear();
+                error = t->owner->certificate_check_cb((git_cert *) &cert, 0, t->owner->message_cb_payload);
+		if (error < 0) {
+			if (!giterr_last())
+				giterr_set(GITERR_NET, "user cancelled hostkey check");
+
+			goto on_error;
+		}
+        }
+
 	/* we need the username to ask for auth methods */
 	if (!user) {
 		if ((error = request_creds(&cred, t, NULL, GIT_CREDTYPE_USERNAME)) < 0)
@@ -488,12 +528,6 @@ static int _git_ssh_setup_conn(
 			goto on_error;
 	}
 
-	if ((error = gitno_connect(&s->socket, host, port, 0)) < 0)
-		goto on_error;
-
-	if ((error = _git_ssh_session_create(&session, s->socket)) < 0)
-		goto on_error;
-
 	if ((error = list_auth_methods(&auth_methods, session, user)) < 0)
 		goto on_error;
 
@@ -602,10 +636,8 @@ static int ssh_receivepack_ls(
 {
 	const char *cmd = t->cmd_receivepack ? t->cmd_receivepack : cmd_receivepack;
 
-	if (_git_ssh_setup_conn(t, url, cmd, stream) < 0)
-		return -1;
 
-	return 0;
+	return _git_ssh_setup_conn(t, url, cmd, stream);
 }
 
 static int ssh_receivepack(
diff --git a/src/transports/winhttp.c b/src/transports/winhttp.c
index 6523086..8aef631 100644
--- a/src/transports/winhttp.c
+++ b/src/transports/winhttp.c
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "repository.h"
 
+#include <wincrypt.h>
+#pragma comment(lib, "crypt32")
 #include <winhttp.h>
 #pragma comment(lib, "winhttp")
 
@@ -203,6 +205,39 @@ static int fallback_cred_acquire_cb(
 	return error;
 }
 
+static int certificate_check(winhttp_stream *s, int valid)
+{
+	int error;
+	winhttp_subtransport *t = OWNING_SUBTRANSPORT(s);
+	PCERT_CONTEXT cert_ctx;
+	DWORD cert_ctx_size = sizeof(cert_ctx);
+	git_cert_x509 cert;
+
+	/* If there is no override, we should fail if WinHTTP doesn't think it's fine */
+	if (t->owner->certificate_check_cb == NULL && !valid)
+		return GIT_ECERTIFICATE;
+
+	if (t->owner->certificate_check_cb == NULL || !t->connection_data.use_ssl)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!WinHttpQueryOption(s->request, WINHTTP_OPTION_SERVER_CERT_CONTEXT, &cert_ctx, &cert_ctx_size)) {
+		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "failed to get server certificate");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	giterr_clear();
+	cert.cert_type = GIT_CERT_X509;
+	cert.data = cert_ctx->pbCertEncoded;
+	cert.len = cert_ctx->cbCertEncoded;
+	error = t->owner->certificate_check_cb((git_cert *) &cert, valid, t->owner->cred_acquire_payload);
+	CertFreeCertificateContext(cert_ctx);
+
+	if (error < 0 && !giterr_last())
+		giterr_set(GITERR_NET, "user cancelled certificate check");
+
+	return error;
+}
+
 static int winhttp_stream_connect(winhttp_stream *s)
 {
 	winhttp_subtransport *t = OWNING_SUBTRANSPORT(s);
@@ -353,13 +388,6 @@ static int winhttp_stream_connect(winhttp_stream *s)
 
 		if (t->owner->parent.read_flags(&t->owner->parent, &flags) < 0)
 			goto on_error;
-
-		if ((GIT_TRANSPORTFLAGS_NO_CHECK_CERT & flags) &&
-			!WinHttpSetOption(s->request, WINHTTP_OPTION_SECURITY_FLAGS,
-			(LPVOID)&no_check_cert_flags, sizeof(no_check_cert_flags))) {
-			giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Failed to set options to ignore cert errors");
-			goto on_error;
-		}
 	}
 
 	/* If we have a credential on the subtransport, apply it to the request */
@@ -527,6 +555,74 @@ on_error:
 	return error;
 }
 
+static int do_send_request(winhttp_stream *s, size_t len, int ignore_length)
+{
+	int request_failed = 0, cert_valid = 1, error = 0;
+
+	if (ignore_length) {
+		if (!WinHttpSendRequest(s->request,
+			WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0,
+			WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0,
+			WINHTTP_IGNORE_REQUEST_TOTAL_LENGTH, 0)) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!WinHttpSendRequest(s->request,
+			WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0,
+			WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0,
+			len, 0)) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int send_request(winhttp_stream *s, size_t len, int ignore_length)
+{
+	int request_failed = 0, cert_valid = 1, error = 0;
+	DWORD ignore_flags;
+
+	if ((error = do_send_request(s, len, ignore_length)) < 0)
+		request_failed = 1;
+
+	if (request_failed) {
+		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_FAILURE) {
+			giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "failed to send request");
+			return -1;
+		} else {
+			cert_valid = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	giterr_clear();
+	if ((error = certificate_check(s, cert_valid)) < 0) {
+		if (!giterr_last())
+			giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "user cancelled certificate check");
+
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	/* if neither the request nor the certificate check returned errors, we're done */
+	if (!request_failed)
+		return 0;
+
+	ignore_flags =
+		SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_CN_INVALID |
+		SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_DATE_INVALID |
+		SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CA;
+	
+	if (!WinHttpSetOption(s->request, WINHTTP_OPTION_SECURITY_FLAGS, &ignore_flags, sizeof(ignore_flags))) {
+		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "failed to set security options");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if ((error = do_send_request(s, len, ignore_length)) < 0)
+		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "failed to send request");
+
+	return error;
+}
+
 static int winhttp_stream_read(
 	git_smart_subtransport_stream *stream,
 	char *buffer,
@@ -537,6 +633,7 @@ static int winhttp_stream_read(
 	winhttp_subtransport *t = OWNING_SUBTRANSPORT(s);
 	DWORD dw_bytes_read;
 	char replay_count = 0;
+	int error;
 
 replay:
 	/* Enforce a reasonable cap on the number of replays */
@@ -553,15 +650,12 @@ replay:
 		DWORD status_code, status_code_length, content_type_length, bytes_written;
 		char expected_content_type_8[MAX_CONTENT_TYPE_LEN];
 		wchar_t expected_content_type[MAX_CONTENT_TYPE_LEN], content_type[MAX_CONTENT_TYPE_LEN];
+		int request_failed = 0, cert_valid = 1;
 
 		if (!s->sent_request) {
-			if (!WinHttpSendRequest(s->request,
-				WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0,
-				WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0,
-				s->post_body_len, 0)) {
-				giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Failed to send request");
-				return -1;
-			}
+
+			if ((error = send_request(s, s->post_body_len, 0)) < 0)
+				return error;
 
 			s->sent_request = 1;
 		}
@@ -815,6 +909,7 @@ static int winhttp_stream_write_single(
 	winhttp_stream *s = (winhttp_stream *)stream;
 	winhttp_subtransport *t = OWNING_SUBTRANSPORT(s);
 	DWORD bytes_written;
+	int error;
 
 	if (!s->request && winhttp_stream_connect(s) < 0)
 		return -1;
@@ -825,13 +920,8 @@ static int winhttp_stream_write_single(
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	if (!WinHttpSendRequest(s->request,
-			WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0,
-			WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0,
-			(DWORD)len, 0)) {
-		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Failed to send request");
-		return -1;
-	}
+	if ((error = send_request(s, len, 0)) < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	s->sent_request = 1;
 
@@ -954,6 +1044,7 @@ static int winhttp_stream_write_chunked(
 {
 	winhttp_stream *s = (winhttp_stream *)stream;
 	winhttp_subtransport *t = OWNING_SUBTRANSPORT(s);
+	int error;
 
 	if (!s->request && winhttp_stream_connect(s) < 0)
 		return -1;
@@ -967,13 +1058,8 @@ static int winhttp_stream_write_chunked(
 			return -1;
 		}
 
-		if (!WinHttpSendRequest(s->request,
-			WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0,
-			WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0,
-			WINHTTP_IGNORE_REQUEST_TOTAL_LENGTH, 0)) {
-			giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Failed to send request");
-			return -1;
-		}
+		if ((error = send_request(s, 0, 1)) < 0)
+			return error;
 
 		s->sent_request = 1;
 	}
diff --git a/tests/online/clone.c b/tests/online/clone.c
index 6a6c049..f7f3aae 100644
--- a/tests/online/clone.c
+++ b/tests/online/clone.c
@@ -473,8 +473,90 @@ void test_online_clone__ssh_cannot_change_username(void)
 	cl_git_fail(git_clone(&g_repo, "ssh://git@github.com/libgit2/TestGitRepository", "./foo", &g_options));
 }
 
+int ssh_certificate_check(git_cert *cert, int valid, void *payload)
+{
+	git_cert_hostkey *key;
+	git_oid expected = {{0}}, actual = {{0}};
+	const char *expected_str;
+
+	GIT_UNUSED(valid);
+	GIT_UNUSED(payload);
+
+	expected_str = cl_getenv("GITTEST_REMOTE_SSH_FINGERPRINT");
+	cl_assert(expected_str);
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_oid_fromstrp(&expected, expected_str));
+	cl_assert_equal_i(GIT_CERT_HOSTKEY_LIBSSH2, cert->cert_type);
+	key = (git_cert_hostkey *) cert;
+
+	/*
+	 * We need to figure out how long our input was to check for
+	 * the type. Here we abuse the fact that both hashes fit into
+	 * our git_oid type.
+	 */
+	if (strlen(expected_str) == 32 && key->type & GIT_CERT_SSH_MD5) {
+		memcpy(&actual.id, key->hash_md5, 16);
+	} else 	if (strlen(expected_str) == 40 && key->type & GIT_CERT_SSH_SHA1) {
+		memcpy(&actual, key->hash_sha1, 20);
+	} else {
+		cl_fail("Cannot find a usable SSH hash");
+	}
+
+	cl_assert(!memcmp(&expected, &actual, 20));
+
+	return GIT_EUSER;
+}
+
+void test_online_clone__ssh_cert(void)
+{
+	g_options.remote_callbacks.certificate_check = ssh_certificate_check;
+
+	if (!cl_getenv("GITTEST_REMOTE_SSH_FINGERPRINT"))
+		cl_skip();
+
+	cl_git_fail_with(GIT_EUSER, git_clone(&g_repo, "ssh://localhost/foo", "./foo", &g_options));
+}
+
 void test_online_clone__url_with_no_path_returns_EINVALIDSPEC(void)
 {
 	cl_git_fail_with(git_clone(&g_repo, "http://github.com", "./foo", &g_options),
 		GIT_EINVALIDSPEC);
 }
+
+static int fail_certificate_check(git_cert *cert, int valid, void *payload)
+{
+	GIT_UNUSED(cert);
+	GIT_UNUSED(valid);
+	GIT_UNUSED(payload);
+
+	return GIT_ECERTIFICATE;
+}
+
+void test_online_clone__certificate_invalid(void)
+{
+	g_options.remote_callbacks.certificate_check = fail_certificate_check;
+
+	cl_git_fail_with(git_clone(&g_repo, "https://github.com/libgit2/TestGitRepository", "./foo", &g_options),
+		GIT_ECERTIFICATE);
+
+#ifdef GIT_SSH
+	cl_git_fail_with(git_clone(&g_repo, "ssh://github.com/libgit2/TestGitRepository", "./foo", &g_options),
+		GIT_ECERTIFICATE);
+#endif
+}
+
+static int succeed_certificate_check(git_cert *cert, int valid, void *payload)
+{
+	GIT_UNUSED(cert);
+	GIT_UNUSED(valid);
+	GIT_UNUSED(payload);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void test_online_clone__certificate_valid(void)
+{
+	g_options.remote_callbacks.certificate_check = succeed_certificate_check;
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_clone(&g_repo, "https://github.com/libgit2/TestGitRepository", "./foo", &g_options));
+}
diff --git a/tests/online/push_util.h b/tests/online/push_util.h
index a7207c4..7736912 100644
--- a/tests/online/push_util.h
+++ b/tests/online/push_util.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ extern const git_oid OID_ZERO;
  * @param data pointer to a record_callbacks_data instance
  */
 #define RECORD_CALLBACKS_INIT(data) \
-	{ GIT_REMOTE_CALLBACKS_VERSION, NULL, NULL, cred_acquire_cb, NULL, record_update_tips_cb, data }
+	{ GIT_REMOTE_CALLBACKS_VERSION, NULL, NULL, cred_acquire_cb, NULL, NULL, record_update_tips_cb, data }
 
 typedef struct {
 	char *name;