src/errors.c


Log

Author Commit Date CI Message
Sven Strickroth 53bf0bde 2019-01-24T11:29:36 Fix VS warning C4098: 'giterr_set_str' : void function returning a value Signed-off-by: Sven Strickroth <email@cs-ware.de>
Edward Thomson f673e232 2018-12-27T13:47:34 git_error: use new names in internal APIs and usage Move to the `git_error` name in the internal API for error-related functions.
Edward Thomson 647dfdb4 2019-01-10T22:13:07 git_error: deprecate error values Replace the `GITERR` values with a `const int` to deprecate error values.
Edward Thomson 20961b98 2018-12-26T14:06:21 git_error: use full class name in public error API Move to the `git_error` name in error-related functions, deprecating the `giterr` functions. This means, for example, that `giterr_last` is now `git_error_last`. The old names are retained for compatibility. This only updates the public API; internal API and function usage remains unchanged.
Patrick Steinhardt 0c7f49dd 2017-06-30T13:39:01 Make sure to always include "common.h" first Next to including several files, our "common.h" header also declares various macros which are then used throughout the project. As such, we have to make sure to always include this file first in all implementation files. Otherwise, we might encounter problems or even silent behavioural differences due to macros or defines not being defined as they should be. So in fact, our header and implementation files should make sure to always include "common.h" first. This commit does so by establishing a common include pattern. Header files inside of "src" will now always include "common.h" as its first other file, separated by a newline from all the other includes to make it stand out as special. There are two cases for the implementation files. If they do have a matching header file, they will always include this one first, leading to "common.h" being transitively included as first file. If they do not have a matching header file, they instead include "common.h" as first file themselves. This fixes the outlined problems and will become our standard practice for header and source files inside of the "src/" from now on.
Edward Thomson ef4857c2 2015-08-03T16:50:27 errors: tighten up git_error_state OOMs a bit more When an error state is an OOM, make sure that we treat is specially and do not try to free it.
Edward Thomson 854b701c 2015-08-03T15:02:02 Merge remote-tracking branches 'upstream/pr/3323' and 'upstream/pr/3329'
Michael Procter 0fcfb60d 2015-07-27T10:10:18 Make giterr_restore aware of g_git_oom_error Allow restoring a previously captured oom error, by detecting when the captured message pointer points to the static oom error message. This means there is no need to strdup the message in giterr_detach.
Michael Procter 25dbcf34 2015-07-27T09:59:07 Make giterr_detach no longer public
Michael Procter c2f17bda 2015-07-23T13:17:08 Ensure static oom error message not detached Error messages that are detached are assumed to be dynamically allocated. Passing a pointer to the static oom error message can cause an attempt to free the static buffer later. This change checks if the oom error message is about to be detached and detaches a copy instead.
Carlos Martín Nieto f85fc367 2015-07-26T21:12:00 error: store the error messages in a reusable buffer Instead of allocating a brand new buffer for each error string we want to store, we can use a per-thread buffer to store the error string and re-use the underlying storage. We already use the buffer to format the string, so this mostly makes that more direct.
Edward Thomson e62f96de 2014-08-13T14:55:24 Allow NULL error message prefix when class=GITERR_OS
Edward Thomson 4f46a98b 2014-02-24T23:32:25 Remove now-duplicated stdarg.h include
Russell Belfer 96869a4e 2013-12-03T16:45:39 Improve GIT_EUSER handling This adds giterr_user_cancel to return GIT_EUSER and clear any error message that is sitting around. As a result of using that in places, we need to be more thorough with capturing errors that happen inside a callback when used internally. To help with that, this also adds giterr_capture and giterr_restore so that when we internally use a foreach-type function that clears errors and converts them to GIT_EUSER, it is easier to restore not just the return value, but the actual error message text.
Vicent Marti 1eab9f0e 2013-11-05T14:56:10 error: Simplify giterr_detach
Russell Belfer d6c60169 2013-11-04T15:45:31 Add giterr_detach API to get and clear error There are a number of cases where it is convenient to be able to fetch and "claim" the current error string, clearing the error. This is helpful when you need to call some code that may alter the error and you want to restore it later on and/or report it via some other mechanism.
Russell Belfer 14997dc5 2013-10-08T12:45:43 More filemode cleanups for FAT on MacOS This cleans up some additional issues. The main change is that on a filesystem that doesn't support mode bits, libgit2 will now create new blobs with GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB always instead of being at the mercy to the filesystem driver to report executable or not. This means that if "core.filemode" lies and claims that filemode is not supported, then we will ignore the executable bit from the filesystem. Previously we would have allowed it. This adds an option to the new git_repository_reset_filesystem to recurse through submodules if desired. There may be other types of APIs that would like a "recurse submodules" option, but this one is particularly useful. This also has a number of cleanups, etc., for related things including trying to give better error messages when problems come up from the filesystem. For example, the FAT filesystem driver on MacOS appears to return errno EINVAL if you attempt to write a filename with invalid UTF-8 in it. We try to capture that with a better error message now.
Russell Belfer d85296ab 2013-03-14T13:50:54 Fix valgrind issues (and mmap fallback for diff) This fixes a number of issues identified by valgrind - mostly missed free calls. Inside valgrind, mmap() may fail which causes some of the diff tests to fail. This adds a fallback code path to diff_output.c:get_workdir_content() where is the mmap() fails the code will now try to read the file data directly into allocated memory (which is what it would do if the data needed to be filtered anyhow).
Philip Kelley 6c72035f 2013-02-22T12:23:14 Portability fixes for Solaris
Sven Strickroth c70455c7 2013-02-01T22:53:51 Deduplicate FormatMessage UTF-16 to UTF-8 conversion code Signed-off-by: Sven Strickroth <email@cs-ware.de>
Sven Strickroth bd25a302 2013-02-01T22:22:26 Improved error handling Signed-off-by: Sven Strickroth <email@cs-ware.de>
Sven Strickroth 89ad1c57 2013-02-01T22:14:52 Get utf8_size from WideCharToMultiByte instead of guessing it Signed-off-by: Sven Strickroth <email@cs-ware.de>
Sven Strickroth b0dc81f0 2013-02-01T16:17:34 Win32: Make sure error messages are consistently UTF-8 encoded W/o this a libgit2 error message could have a mixed encoding: e.g. a filename in UTF-8 combined with a native Windows error message encoded with the local code page. Signed-off-by: Sven Strickroth <email@cs-ware.de>
Edward Thomson 359fc2d2 2013-01-08T17:07:25 update copyrights
nulltoken cc146626 2012-11-19T19:00:46 revparse: Deploy EINVALIDSPEC usage
Russell Belfer 3ae0aad7 2012-11-02T10:42:20 Move error capture to top of giterr_set
Philip Kelley 8f624a47 2012-11-02T11:30:55 Prefer GetLastError() for GITERR_OS on Win32
Russell Belfer 1a628100 2012-09-21T15:04:39 Make giterr_set_str public There has been discussion for a while about making some set of the `giterr_set` type functions part of the public API for code that is implementing new backends to libgit2. This makes the `giterr_set_str()` and `giterr_set_oom()` functions public.
Russell Belfer 97a17e4e 2012-08-24T12:19:22 Fix valgrind warnings and spurious error messages Just clean up valgrind warnings about uninitialized memory and also clear out errno in some cases where it results in a false error message being generated at a later point.
Vicent Martí 22772166 2012-05-03T00:04:04 errors: Use a git_buf for building error strings
Vicent Martí 3fbcac89 2012-05-02T19:56:38 Remove old and unused error codes
Russell Belfer 2bc8fa02 2012-04-17T10:14:24 Implement git_pool paged memory allocator This adds a `git_pool` object that can do simple paged memory allocation with free for the entire pool at once. Using this, you can replace many small allocations with large blocks that can then cheaply be doled out in small pieces. This is best used when you plan to free the small blocks all at once - for example, if they represent the parsed state from a file or data stream that are either all kept or all discarded. There are two real patterns of usage for `git_pools`: either for "string" allocation, where the item size is a single byte and you end up just packing the allocations in together, or for "fixed size" allocation where you are allocating a large object (e.g. a `git_oid`) and you generally just allocation single objects that can be tightly packed. Of course, you can use it for other things, but those two cases are the easiest.
Russell Belfer 7784bcbb 2012-04-11T11:52:59 Refactor git_repository_open with new options Add a new command `git_repository_open_ext` with extended options that control how searching for a repository will be done. The existing `git_repository_open` and `git_repository_discover` are reimplemented on top of it. We may want to change the default behavior of `git_repository_open` but this commit does not do that. Improve support for "gitdir" files where the work dir is separate from the repo and support for the "separate-git-dir" config. Also, add support for opening repos created with `git-new-workdir` script (although I have only confirmed that they can be opened, not that all functions work correctly). There are also a few minor changes that came up: - Fix `git_path_prettify` to allow in-place prettifying. - Fix `git_path_root` to support backslashes on Win32. This fix should help many repo open/discover scenarios - it is the one function called when opening before prettifying the path. - Tweak `git_config_get_string` to set the "out" pointer to NULL if the config value is not found. Allows some other cleanup. - Fix a couple places that should have been calling `git_repository_config__weakptr` and were not. - Fix `cl_git_sandbox_init` clar helper to support bare repos.
Russell Belfer e3c47510 2012-03-13T14:23:24 Resolve comments from pull request This converts the map validation function into a macro, tweaks the GITERR_OS system error automatic appending, and adds a tentative new error access API and some quick unit tests for both the old and new error APIs.
Russell Belfer e1de726c 2012-03-12T22:55:40 Migrate ODB files to new error handling This migrates odb.c, odb_loose.c, odb_pack.c and pack.c to the new style of error handling. Also got the unix and win32 versions of map.c. There are some minor changes to other files but no others were completely converted. This also contains an update to filebuf so that a zeroed out filebuf will not think that the fd (== 0) is actually open (and inadvertently call close() on fd 0 if cleaned up). Lastly, this was built and tested on win32 and contains a bunch of fixes for the win32 build which was pretty broken.
Vicent Martí dda708e7 2012-03-09T19:55:50 error-handling: On-disk config file backend Includes: - Proper error reporting when encountering syntax errors in a config file (file, line number, column). - Rewritten `config_write`, now with 99% less goto-spaghetti - Error state in `git_filebuf`: filebuf write functions no longer need to be checked for error returns. If any of the writes performed on a buffer fail, the last call to `git_filebuf_commit` or `git_filebuf_hash` will fail accordingly and set the appropiate error message. Baller!
Russell Belfer 998f7b3d 2012-03-07T10:52:17 Fix issues raised on pull request This resolves the comments on pull request #590
Russell Belfer ae9e29fd 2012-03-06T16:14:31 Migrating diff to new error handling Ended up migrating a bunch of upstream functions as well including vector, attr_file, and odb in order to get this to work right.
Vicent Martí 1a481123 2012-02-17T00:13:34 error-handling: References Yes, this is error handling solely for `refs.c`, but some of the abstractions leak all ofer the code base.
Vicent Martí 60bc2d20 2012-02-14T21:23:11 error-handling: Add new routines Obviously all the old throw routines are still in place, so we can gradually port over.
schu 5e0de328 2012-02-13T17:10:24 Update Copyright header Signed-off-by: schu <schu-github@schulog.org>
Vicent Marti a15c550d 2011-11-16T14:09:44 threads: Fix the shared global state with TLS See `global.c` for a description of what we're doing. When libgit2 is built with GIT_THREADS support, the threading system must be explicitly initialized with `git_threads_init()`.
Vicent Marti 3286c408 2011-10-28T14:51:13 global: Properly use `git__` memory wrappers Ensure that all memory related functions (malloc, calloc, strdup, free, etc) are using their respective `git__` wrappers.
Vicent Marti 87d9869f 2011-09-19T03:34:49 Tabify everything There were quite a few places were spaces were being used instead of tabs. Try to catch them all. This should hopefully not break anything. Except for `git blame`. Oh well.
Vicent Marti bb742ede 2011-09-19T01:54:32 Cleanup legal data 1. The license header is technically not valid if it doesn't have a copyright signature. 2. The COPYING file has been updated with the different licenses used in the project. 3. The full GPLv2 header in each file annoys me.
Kirill A. Shutemov d7f0abab 2011-08-24T20:10:50 Fix false positive -Wuninitialized warnings GCC produces several -Wuninitialized warnings. Most of them can be fixed if we make visible for gcc that git__throw() and git__rethrow() always return first argument. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Vicent Marti ab7941b5 2011-06-28T21:04:59 test: Properly show error messages
Marc Pegon 53c0bd81 2011-05-27T22:37:10 Added error for ambiguous oid prefixes. Added methods to compare the first nth hexadecimal characters (i.e. packets of 4 bits) of OIDs.
Carlos Martín Nieto 94711cad 2011-05-17T12:12:59 Merge upstream/development
Vicent Marti f4a936b5 2011-05-11T00:35:05 Bring back `git_strerror` We cannot totally deprecate this until the new error handling mechanisms are all in place.
Vicent Marti fa59f18d 2011-05-09T20:54:04 Change error handling mechanism once again Ok, this is the real deal. Hopefully. Here's how it's going to work: - One main method, called `git__throw`, that sets the error code and error message when an error happens. This method must be called in every single place where an error code was being returned previously, setting an error message instead. Example, instead of: return GIT_EOBJCORRUPTED; Use: return git__throw(GIT_EOBJCORRUPTED, "The object is missing a finalizing line feed"); And instead of: [...] { error = GIT_EOBJCORRUPTED; goto cleanup; } Use: [...] { error = git__throw(GIT_EOBJCORRUPTED, "What an error!"); goto cleanup; } The **only** exception to this are the allocation methods, which return NULL on failure but already set the message manually. /* only place where an error code can be returned directly, because the error message has already been set by the wrapper */ if (foo == NULL) return GIT_ENOMEM; - One secondary method, called `git__rethrow`, which can be used to fine-grain an error message and build an error stack. Example, instead of: if ((error = foobar(baz)) < GIT_SUCCESS) return error; You can now do: if ((error = foobar(baz)) < GIT_SUCCESS) return git__rethrow(error, "Failed to do a major operation"); The return of the `git_lasterror` method will be a string in the shape of: "Failed to do a major operation. (Failed to do an internal operation)" E.g. "Failed to open the index. (Not enough permissions to access '/path/to/index')." NOTE: do not abuse this method. Try to write all `git__throw` messages in a descriptive manner, to avoid having to rethrow them to clarify their meaning. This method should only be used in the places where the original error message set by a subroutine is not specific enough. It is encouraged to continue using this style as much possible to enforce error propagation: if ((error = foobar(baz)) < GIT_SUCCESS) return error; /* `foobar` has set an error message, and we are just propagating it */ The error handling revamp will take place in two phases: - Phase 1: Replace all pieces of code that return direct error codes with calls to `git__throw`. This can be done semi-automatically using `ack` to locate all the error codes that must be replaced. - Phase 2: Add some `git__rethrow` calls in those cases where the original error messages are not specific enough. Phase 1 is the main goal. A minor libgit2 release will be shipped once Phase 1 is ready, and the work will start on gradually improving the error handling mechanism by refining specific error messages. OTHER NOTES: - When writing error messages, please refrain from using weasel words. They add verbosity to the message without giving any real information. (<3 Emeric) E.g. "The reference file appears to be missing a carriage return" Nope. "The reference file is missing a carriage return" Yes. - When calling `git__throw`, please try to use more generic error codes so we can eventually reduce the list of error codes to something more reasonable. Feel free to add new, more generic error codes if these are going to replace several of the old ones. E.g. return GIT_EREFCORRUPTED; Can be turned into: return git__throw(GIT_EOBJCORRUPTED, "The reference is corrupted");
Vicent Marti 5eb0fab8 2011-05-05T01:49:27 errors: Update external API with new `git_lasterror`
Vicent Marti 02f9e637 2011-05-05T01:12:17 errors: Add error handling function
Carlos Martín Nieto 55c197cd 2011-04-11T17:41:21 Merge upstream/development
Vicent Marti c6e65aca 2011-04-09T15:22:11 Properly check `strtol` for errors We are now using a custom `strtol` implementation to make sure we're not missing any overflow errors.
Carlos Martín Nieto f026f2b9 2011-03-31T15:29:13 Merge upstream/development Signed-off-by: Carlos Martín Nieto <cmn@elego.de>
Carlos Martín Nieto baad182c 2011-03-28T11:31:58 Add GIT_EEXISTS error code Signed-off-by: Carlos Martín Nieto <cmn@elego.de>
Carlos Martín Nieto 05314b5b 2011-03-29T12:25:46 Make GIT_EINVALIDTYPE available for use in config Signed-off-by: Carlos Martín Nieto <cmn@elego.de>
Vicent Marti 72a3fe42 2011-03-18T19:38:49 I broke your bindings Hey. Apologies in advance -- I broke your bindings. This is a major commit that includes a long-overdue redesign of the whole object-database structure. This is expected to be the last major external API redesign of the library until the first non-alpha release. Please get your bindings up to date with these changes. They will be included in the next minor release. Sorry again! Major features include: - Real caching and refcounting on parsed objects - Real caching and refcounting on objects read from the ODB - Streaming writes & reads from the ODB - Single-method writes for all object types - The external API is now partially thread-safe The speed increases are significant in all aspects, specially when reading an object several times from the ODB (revwalking) and when writing big objects to the ODB. Here's a full changelog for the external API: blob.h ------ - Remove `git_blob_new` - Remove `git_blob_set_rawcontent` - Remove `git_blob_set_rawcontent_fromfile` - Rename `git_blob_writefile` -> `git_blob_create_fromfile` - Change `git_blob_create_fromfile`: The `path` argument is now relative to the repository's working dir - Add `git_blob_create_frombuffer` commit.h -------- - Remove `git_commit_new` - Remove `git_commit_add_parent` - Remove `git_commit_set_message` - Remove `git_commit_set_committer` - Remove `git_commit_set_author` - Remove `git_commit_set_tree` - Add `git_commit_create` - Add `git_commit_create_v` - Add `git_commit_create_o` - Add `git_commit_create_ov` tag.h ----- - Remove `git_tag_new` - Remove `git_tag_set_target` - Remove `git_tag_set_name` - Remove `git_tag_set_tagger` - Remove `git_tag_set_message` - Add `git_tag_create` - Add `git_tag_create_o` tree.h ------ - Change `git_tree_entry_2object`: New signature is `(git_object **object_out, git_repository *repo, git_tree_entry *entry)` - Remove `git_tree_new` - Remove `git_tree_add_entry` - Remove `git_tree_remove_entry_byindex` - Remove `git_tree_remove_entry_byname` - Remove `git_tree_clearentries` - Remove `git_tree_entry_set_id` - Remove `git_tree_entry_set_name` - Remove `git_tree_entry_set_attributes` object.h ------------ - Remove `git_object_new - Remove `git_object_write` - Change `git_object_close`: This method is now *mandatory*. Not closing an object causes a memory leak. odb.h ----- - Remove type `git_rawobj` - Remove `git_rawobj_close` - Rename `git_rawobj_hash` -> `git_odb_hash` - Change `git_odb_hash`: New signature is `(git_oid *id, const void *data, size_t len, git_otype type)` - Add type `git_odb_object` - Add `git_odb_object_close` - Change `git_odb_read`: New signature is `(git_odb_object **out, git_odb *db, const git_oid *id)` - Change `git_odb_read_header`: New signature is `(size_t *len_p, git_otype *type_p, git_odb *db, const git_oid *id)` - Remove `git_odb_write` - Add `git_odb_open_wstream` - Add `git_odb_open_rstream` odb_backend.h ------------- - Change type `git_odb_backend`: New internal signatures are as follows int (* read)(void **, size_t *, git_otype *, struct git_odb_backend *, const git_oid *) int (* read_header)(size_t *, git_otype *, struct git_odb_backend *, const git_oid *) int (* writestream)(struct git_odb_stream **, struct git_odb_backend *, size_t, git_otype) int (* readstream)( struct git_odb_stream **, struct git_odb_backend *, const git_oid *) - Add type `git_odb_stream` - Add enum `git_odb_streammode` Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>
nulltoken 6a0895ad 2011-02-11T13:58:40 Added GIT_EINVALIDREFSTATE error.
Vicent Marti c836c332 2011-02-05T09:29:37 Make more methods return error codes git_revwalk_next now returns an error code when the iteration is over. git_repository_index now returns an error code when the index file could not be opened. Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>
nulltoken 9282e921 2010-12-27T20:34:19 Merge nulltoken's reference parsing code All the commits have been squashed into a single one before refactoring the final code, to keep everything tidy. Individual commit messages are as follows: Added repository reference looking up functionality placeholder. Added basic reference database definition and caching infrastructure. Removed useless constant. Added GIT_EINVALIDREFNAME error and description. Added missing description for GIT_EBAREINDEX. Added GIT_EREFCORRUPTED error and description. Added GIT_ETOONESTEDSYMREF error and description. Added resolving of direct and symbolic references. Prepared the packed-refs parsing. Added parsing of the packed-refs file content. When no loose reference has been found, the full content of the packed-refs file is parsed. All of the new (i.e. not previously parsed as a loose reference) references are eagerly stored in the cached references storage. The method packed_reference_file__parse() is in deer need of some refactoring. :-) Extracted to a method the parsing of the peeled target of a tag. Extracted to a method the parsing of a standard packed ref. Fixed leaky removal of the cached references. Ensured that a previously parsed packed reference isn't returned if a more up-to-date loose reference exists. Enhanced documentation of git_repository_reference_lookup(). Moved some refs related constants from repository.c to refs.h. Made parsing of a packed tag reference more robust. Updated git_repository_reference_lookup() documentation. Added some references to the test repository. Added some tests covering tag references looking up. Added some tests covering symbolic and head references looking up. Added some tests covering packed references looking up.
nulltoken f2c24713 2011-01-26T20:29:06 Made path prettifying functions return GIT_EINVALIDPATH instead of GIT_ERROR.
Vicent Marti 9f54fe48 2010-12-23T00:15:09 Remove git_errno It was not being used by any methods (only by malloc and calloc), and since it needs to be TLS, it cannot be exported on DLLs on Windows. Burn it with fire. The API always returns error codes! Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>
Vicent Marti a8bfce69 2010-11-05T03:50:24 Add string descriptions for all error codes Old descriptions have been updated and new ones have been added for the 'git_strerror' function. Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com>
Ramsay Jones 0ef9d2aa 2010-01-03T22:56:54 Fix some "signed v unsigned comparison" warnings with -Wextra Signed-off-by: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk>
Shawn O. Pearce 7dd8a9f7 2008-12-30T23:26:38 Set GIT_EOSERR when the OS errno should be consulted This error code indicates the OS error code has a better value describing the last error, as it is likely a network or local file IO problem identified by a C library function call. Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
Shawn O. Pearce 64a47c01 2008-12-30T23:21:36 Wrap malloc and friends and report out of memory as GIT_ENOMEM We now forbid direct use of malloc, strdup or calloc within the library and instead use wrapper functions git__malloc, etc. to invoke the underlying library malloc and set git_errno to a no memory error code if the allocation fails. In the future once we have pack objects in memory we are likely to enhance these routines with garbage collection logic to purge cached pack data when allocations fail. Because the size of the function will grow somewhat large, we don't want to mark them for inline as gcc tends to aggressively inline, creating larger than expected executables. Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
Shawn O. Pearce a1d34bc0 2008-12-30T21:49:38 Support building on Mac OS X by using pthread_getspecific for TLS The Mach-O format does not permit gcc to implement the __thread TLS specification, so we must instead emulate it using a single int cell allocated from memory and stored inside of the thread specific data associated with the current pthread. What makes this tricky is git_errno must be a valid lvalue, so we really need to return a pointer to the caller and deference it as part of the git_errno macro. The GCC-specific __attribute__((constructor)) extension is used to ensure the pthread_key_t is allocated before any Git functions are executed in the library, as this is necessary to access our thread specific storage. Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
Andreas Ericsson ae234862 2008-11-18T22:20:15 Add an embryo of a TLS-aware error handling system This adds the per-thread global variable git_errno to the system, which callers can examine to get information about an error. Two helper functions are added to reduce LoC-count for the library code itself. Also, some exceptions are made for running sparse on GIT_TLS definitions, since it doesn't grok thread-local variables at all. Signed-off-by: Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>