thodg/slides

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+Rails On Lisp
+
+Thomas de Grivel <thoxdg@gmail.com>
+
+https://kmx.io/
+
+2020-03-11
+
+# Common Lisp
+
+## Introduction
+
+### Common Lisp
+
+Common Lisp is the programmable programming language.
+
+Lisp essays by Paul Graham
+<http://www.paulgraham.com/lisp.html>
+
+Standardised in 1994 by ANSI
+
+Common Lisp the Language, 2nd Edition
+<https://www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/cltl/cltl2.html>
+
+Common Lisp Hyperspec
+<http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Front/>
+
+<http://cliki.net>
+
+### Common Lisp
+
+Several compilers implement the ANSI standard :
+
+  - SBCL (open-source, x86, amd64, Windows, Linux, OSX, \*BSD)
+    <http://sbcl.org>
+
+  - ABCL (open-source, jvm)
+    <https://abcl.org>
+
+  - Clozure CL (open-source, x86, amd64, Windows, Linux, OSX, FreeBSD)
+    <https://ccl.clozure.com>
+
+  - ECL (open-source, compiles to C)
+    <https://common-lisp.net/project/ecl/main.html>
+
+  - LispWorks (proprietary, x86, amd64, Windows, Linux, OSX, FreeBSD)
+    <http://www.lispworks.com/products/lispworks.html#personal>
+
+  - Allegro CL (proprietary, x86, amd64, sparc, Windows, Linux, OSX,
+    FreeBSD)
+    <https://franz.com/products/allegrocl>
+
+## Installation
+
+### Install SBCL
+
+Ubuntu :
+
+```
+  sudo apt-get install sbcl
+```
+
+MacOS X :
+
+```
+  brew install sbcl
+```
+
+### Install repo
+
+```
+mkdir -p ~/common-lisp/thodg
+cd ~/common-lisp/thodg
+git clone https://github.com/thodg/repo.git
+cd ~/common-lisp
+ln -s thodg/repo/repo.manifest
+```
+
+### Configure SBCL
+
+Edit `~/.sbclrc`
+
+```
+  ;; ASDF
+  (require :asdf)
+
+  ;; repo
+  (load "~/common-lisp/thodg/repo/repo")
+  (repo:boot)
+```
+
+### Launch SBCL
+
+    $ sbcl
+    This is SBCL 1.5.3, an implementation of ANSI Common Lisp.
+    More information about SBCL is available at <http://www.sbcl.org/>.
+
+    SBCL is free software, provided as is, with absolutely no warranty.
+    It is mostly in the public domain; some portions are provided under
+    BSD-style licenses.  See the CREDITS and COPYING files in the
+    distribution for more information.
+
+    * _
+
+### Install Slime
+
+    * (repo:install :slime)
+
+    $ /usr/bin/git -C /home/dx/common-lisp/slime clone https://github.com/slime/slime.git
+    Cloning into 'slime'...
+
+### Configure emacs
+
+Edit ` ~/.emacs  `
+
+```
+  ;; Common Lisp
+  (add-to-list 'load-path "~/common-lisp/slime/slime/")
+  (require 'slime-autoloads)
+  (add-to-list 'slime-contribs 'slime-fancy)
+  (setq inferior-lisp-program
+        "sbcl")
+  (setq slime-net-coding-system
+        'utf-8-unix)
+```
+
+## Demo
+
+### Launch emacs and slime
+
+    $ emacs
+
+    M-x slime
+
+    CL-USER> _
+
+### The REPL
+
+REPL : `read`, `eval`, `print
+loop`
+
+```
+  (loop
+    ;; setup REPL vars
+    ;; handle errors, interactive debugger
+    (print
+      (eval
+        (read)))
+    (force-output)) ;; flush output buffers
+```
+
+### Symbols
+
+A symbol compares faster than a string (pointers comparison).
+
+To get a symbol through `eval` we have to quote it, with a single
+quote prefix.
+
+```
+  ;; SLIME
+  CL-USER> 'hello-world
+  
+  HELLO WORLD
+  CL-USER> (quote hello-world)     ; equivalent sans syntaxe
+  
+  HELLO WORLD
+```
+
+<http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/programming-in-the-large-packages-and-symbols.html>
+
+### Symbols
+
+If the symbol is not quoted then we end up in the interactive debugger :
+
+```
+  ;; SLIME
+  CL-USER> hello-world
+
+  The variable HELLO-WORLD is unbound.
+     [Condition of type UNBOUND-VARIABLE]
+
+  Restarts:
+   0: [CONTINUE] Retry using HELLO-WORLD.
+   1: [USE-VALUE] Use specified value.
+   2: [STORE-VALUE] Set specified value and use it.
+   3: [RETRY] Retry SLIME REPL evaluation request.
+   4: [*ABORT] Return to SLIME's top level.
+
+  Backtrace:
+    0: (SB-INT:SIMPLE-EVAL-IN-LEXENV HELLO-WORLD #<NULL-LEXENV>)
+    1: (EVAL HELLO-WORLD)
+   --more--
+
+  4
+  ; Evaluation aborted on #<UNBOUND-VARIABLE HELLO-WORLD {1004AF3523}>.
+  CL-USER> _
+```
+
+### Functions
+
+`defun` defines a function.
+
+If the first element of a list
+(between parentheses) is a function or a symbol naming a function then
+the list is treated as a function call.
+
+```
+  ;; SLIME
+  CL-USER> (defun hello-world ()
+             (format t "Hello world !"))
+  HELLO-WORLD
+  CL-USER> (hello-world)
+  Hello world !
+  NIL
+  CL-USER> _
+```
+
+### Lambda
+
+`lambda` introduces an anonymous function. We can affect an
+anonymous function to a symbol, not unlike `defun`.
+
+```
+  ;; SLIME
+  CL-USER> (setf (symbol-function 'hello-world)
+                 (lambda ()
+                   (format t "Hello world !")))
+
+  CL-USER> (hello-world)
+  Hello world !
+  NIL
+  CL-USER> _
+```
+
+### Higher order functions
+
+A function is a value like others and can be passed to another function.
+
+We call these functions higher order.
+
+```
+  ;; SLIME
+  CL-USER> (mapcar (lambda (x) (* x x)) '(1 2 3 4 5))
+  (1 4 9 16 25)
+  CL-USER> (reduce #'+ '(1 2 3 4 5))
+  15
+  CL-USER> (reduce (function +) '(1 2 3 4 5)) ; equivalent to above
+  15
+  CL-USER> (reduce '+ '(1 2 3 4 5)) ; not equivalent will resolve
+                                    ; function at run-time
+  15
+  CL-USER> _
+```
+
+### Macros
+
+  - parameters are not evaluated -> DSL and
+    meta-programming
+
+  - generate code which is in turn evaluated
+
+  - backquote and comma to quote only parts
+
+
+```
+  ;; SLIME
+  CL-USER> (defmacro hello (arg)
+             `(format nil "Hello ~A !"
+                (string-capitalize ',arg)))
+  HELLO
+  CL-USER> (hello world)
+  "Hello World !"
+  CL-USER> (hello pony)
+  "Hello Pony !"
+  CL-USER> _
+```
+
+On Lisp, Paul Graham
+<http://lib.store.yahoo.net/lib/paulgraham/onlisp.pdf>
+
+### Quasiquotation
+
+To quote entirely :
+  `'(a b c)`
+or
+  `(quote (a b c))`
+->
+  `(a b c)`
+
+To quote partially :
+  `` `(a b ,c)``
+or
+  `(list 'a 'b c)`
+->
+  `(a b 123)` if `c = 123`
+
+Backquote stops evaluation and comma reactivates it locally.
+
+```
+  ;; SLIME
+  CL-USER> (let ((c 123))
+             `(a b ,c))
+  (A B 123)
+```
+
+# RailsOnLisp
+
+## Installation
+
+### Clone RailsOnLisp/rol.git
+
+    $ mkdir ~/common-lisp/RailsOnLisp
+    $ cd ~/common-lisp/RailsOnLisp
+    $ git clone https://github.com/RailsOnLisp/rol.git
+    Cloning into 'rol' ...
+
+    $ _
+
+### Configure PATH
+
+Edit ` ~/.profile  `
+
+```
+  if [ -d "$HOME/common-lisp/RailsOnLisp/rol/bin" ]; then
+      PATH="$HOME/common-lisp/RailsOnLisp/rol/bin:$PATH"
+  fi
+```
+
+### Install RailsOnLisp
+
+    $ . ~/.profile    # source ~/.profile ou launch a new shell
+    $ rol install
+    Cloning into 'rol-assets' ...
+    Cloning into 'rol-files' ...
+    Cloning into 'rol-log' ...
+    Cloning into 'rol-server' ...
+    Cloning into 'rol-skel' ...
+    Cloning into 'rol-template' ...
+    Cloning into 'rol-uri' ...
+
+    $ ls -l ~/common-lisp/RailsOnLisp/rol
+
+    $ _
+
+## Demo
+
+### rol new
+
+    $ rol new test
+    Creating test
+    D .
+    D ./config
+    F ./config/app.lisp
+    F ./config/routes.lisp
+    F ./config/assets.lisp
+    D ./data
+    D ./lib
+    L ./lib/rol -> /home/dx/common-lisp/RailsOnLisp/rol
+    F ./Makefile
+    D ./app
+    D ./app/assets
+    D ./app/assets/css
+    F ./app/assets/css/app.css
+    D ./app/assets/js
+    F ./app/assets/js/app.js
+    D ./app/views
+    D ./app/views/_layouts
+    [...]
+
+    $ _
+
+### make load
+
+    $ cd test
+    $ make load
+    env LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 sbcl --disable-ldb --lose-on-corruption \
+     --dynamic-space-size 512 --noinform --end-runtime-options \
+     --eval '(declaim (optimize (debug 2) (safety 2) (speed 3) (space 1)))' \
+     --disable-debugger \
+     --load load.lisp \
+     --eval '(run)' \
+     --quit
+
+    [...]
+
+    INFO setup environment development
+    DEBUG tags: ASSETS APP REPLY MIME FILE DIRECTORY THOT
+    INFO saving facts into "data/test.facts"
+    INFO starting thot at 0.0.0.0:4000
+
+    INFO Thot start 0.0.0.0:4000
+    INFO loading mime types from /etc/mime.types
+    INFO #<FUNCTION THOT::MAIN-LOOP-THREADED>
+    INFO  #<FUNCTION THOT::ACCEPTOR-LOOP-EPOLL>
+
+### localhost:4000
+
+![localhost:4000](test.jpg)
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