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IABSD.fr/src/sbin/pfctl/pfctl.c

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  • Author : sashan
    Date : 2023-01-06 17:44:33
    Hash : acafb14e
    Message : PF_ANCHOR_STACK_MAX is insufficient protection against stack overflow. On amd64 stack overflows for anchor rule with depth ~30. The tricky thing is the 'safe' depth varies depending on kind of packet processed by pf_match_rule(). For example for local outbound TCP packet stack overflows when recursion if pf_match_rule() reaches depth 24. Instead of lowering PF_ANCHOR_STACK_MAX to 20 and hoping it will be enough on all platforms and for all packets I'd like to stop calling pf_match_rule() recursively. This commit brings back pf_anchor_stackframe array we used to have back in 2017. It also revives patrick@'s idea to pre-allocate stack frame arrays from per-cpu. OK kn@

  • sbin/pfctl/pfctl.c
  • /*	$OpenBSD: pfctl.c,v 1.390 2023/01/06 17:44:33 sashan Exp $ */
    
    /*
     * Copyright (c) 2001 Daniel Hartmeier
     * Copyright (c) 2002 - 2013 Henning Brauer <henning@openbsd.org>
     * All rights reserved.
     *
     * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     * are met:
     *
     *    - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     *    - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     *      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     *      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
     *      with the distribution.
     *
     * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
     * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
     * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
     * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
     * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
     * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
     * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
     * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
     * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
     * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     *
     */
    
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/ioctl.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    
    #include <net/if.h>
    #include <netinet/in.h>
    #include <net/pfvar.h>
    #include <arpa/inet.h>
    #include <sys/sysctl.h>
    
    #include <err.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include <fcntl.h>
    #include <limits.h>
    #include <netdb.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <syslog.h>
    #include <stdarg.h>
    #include <libgen.h>
    
    #include "pfctl_parser.h"
    #include "pfctl.h"
    
    void	 usage(void);
    int	 pfctl_enable(int, int);
    int	 pfctl_disable(int, int);
    void	 pfctl_clear_queues(struct pf_qihead *);
    void	 pfctl_clear_stats(int, const char *, int);
    void	 pfctl_clear_interface_flags(int, int);
    int	 pfctl_clear_rules(int, int, char *);
    void	 pfctl_clear_src_nodes(int, int);
    void	 pfctl_clear_states(int, const char *, int);
    struct addrinfo *
    	 pfctl_addrprefix(char *, struct pf_addr *, int);
    void	 pfctl_kill_src_nodes(int, int);
    void	 pfctl_net_kill_states(int, const char *, int, int);
    void	 pfctl_label_kill_states(int, const char *, int, int);
    void	 pfctl_id_kill_states(int, int);
    void	 pfctl_key_kill_states(int, const char *, int, int);
    int	 pfctl_parse_host(char *, struct pf_rule_addr *);
    void	 pfctl_init_options(struct pfctl *);
    int	 pfctl_load_options(struct pfctl *);
    int	 pfctl_load_limit(struct pfctl *, unsigned int, unsigned int);
    int	 pfctl_load_timeout(struct pfctl *, unsigned int, unsigned int);
    int	 pfctl_load_debug(struct pfctl *, unsigned int);
    int	 pfctl_load_logif(struct pfctl *, char *);
    int	 pfctl_load_hostid(struct pfctl *, unsigned int);
    int	 pfctl_load_reassembly(struct pfctl *, u_int32_t);
    int	 pfctl_load_syncookies(struct pfctl *, u_int8_t);
    int	 pfctl_set_synflwats(struct pfctl *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t);
    void	 pfctl_print_rule_counters(struct pf_rule *, int);
    int	 pfctl_show_rules(int, char *, int, enum pfctl_show, char *, int, int,
    	    long);
    int	 pfctl_show_src_nodes(int, int);
    int	 pfctl_show_states(int, const char *, int, long);
    int	 pfctl_show_status(int, int);
    int	 pfctl_show_timeouts(int, int);
    int	 pfctl_show_limits(int, int);
    void	 pfctl_debug(int, u_int32_t, int);
    int	 pfctl_show_anchors(int, int, char *);
    int	 pfctl_ruleset_trans(struct pfctl *, char *, struct pf_anchor *);
    u_int	 pfctl_find_childqs(struct pfctl_qsitem *);
    void	 pfctl_load_queue(struct pfctl *, u_int32_t, struct pfctl_qsitem *);
    int	 pfctl_load_queues(struct pfctl *);
    u_int	 pfctl_leafqueue_check(char *);
    u_int	 pfctl_check_qassignments(struct pf_ruleset *);
    int	 pfctl_load_ruleset(struct pfctl *, char *, struct pf_ruleset *, int);
    int	 pfctl_load_rule(struct pfctl *, char *, struct pf_rule *, int);
    const char	*pfctl_lookup_option(char *, const char **);
    void	pfctl_state_store(int, const char *);
    void	pfctl_state_load(int, const char *);
    void	pfctl_reset(int, int);
    int	pfctl_walk_show(int, struct pfioc_ruleset *, void *);
    int	pfctl_walk_get(int, struct pfioc_ruleset *, void *);
    int	pfctl_walk_anchors(int, int, const char *,
        int(*)(int, struct pfioc_ruleset *, void *), void *);
    struct pfr_anchors *
    	pfctl_get_anchors(int, const char *, int);
    int	pfctl_recurse(int, int, const char *,
    	    int(*)(int, int, struct pfr_anchoritem *));
    int	pfctl_call_clearrules(int, int, struct pfr_anchoritem *);
    int	pfctl_call_cleartables(int, int, struct pfr_anchoritem *);
    int	pfctl_call_clearanchors(int, int, struct pfr_anchoritem *);
    
    const char	*clearopt;
    char		*rulesopt;
    const char	*showopt;
    const char	*debugopt;
    char		*anchoropt;
    const char	*optiopt = NULL;
    char		*pf_device = "/dev/pf";
    char		*ifaceopt;
    char		*tableopt;
    const char	*tblcmdopt;
    int		 src_node_killers;
    char		*src_node_kill[2];
    int		 state_killers;
    char		*state_kill[2];
    
    int		 dev = -1;
    int		 first_title = 1;
    int		 labels = 0;
    int		 exit_val = 0;
    
    #define INDENT(d, o)	do {						\
    				if (o) {				\
    					int i;				\
    					for (i=0; i < d; i++)		\
    						printf("  ");		\
    				}					\
    			} while (0)					\
    
    
    static const struct {
    	const char	*name;
    	int		index;
    } pf_limits[] = {
    	{ "states",		PF_LIMIT_STATES },
    	{ "src-nodes",		PF_LIMIT_SRC_NODES },
    	{ "frags",		PF_LIMIT_FRAGS },
    	{ "tables",		PF_LIMIT_TABLES },
    	{ "table-entries",	PF_LIMIT_TABLE_ENTRIES },
    	{ "pktdelay-pkts",	PF_LIMIT_PKTDELAY_PKTS },
    	{ "anchors",		PF_LIMIT_ANCHORS },
    	{ NULL,			0 }
    };
    
    struct pf_hint {
    	const char	*name;
    	int		timeout;
    };
    static const struct pf_hint pf_hint_normal[] = {
    	{ "tcp.first",		2 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.opening",	30 },
    	{ "tcp.established",	24 * 60 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.closing",	15 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.finwait",	45 },
    	{ "tcp.closed",		90 },
    	{ "tcp.tsdiff",		30 },
    	{ NULL,			0 }
    };
    static const struct pf_hint pf_hint_satellite[] = {
    	{ "tcp.first",		3 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.opening",	30 + 5 },
    	{ "tcp.established",	24 * 60 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.closing",	15 * 60 + 5 },
    	{ "tcp.finwait",	45 + 5 },
    	{ "tcp.closed",		90 + 5 },
    	{ "tcp.tsdiff",		60 },
    	{ NULL,			0 }
    };
    static const struct pf_hint pf_hint_conservative[] = {
    	{ "tcp.first",		60 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.opening",	15 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.established",	5 * 24 * 60 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.closing",	60 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.finwait",	10 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.closed",		3 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.tsdiff",		60 },
    	{ NULL,			0 }
    };
    static const struct pf_hint pf_hint_aggressive[] = {
    	{ "tcp.first",		30 },
    	{ "tcp.opening",	5 },
    	{ "tcp.established",	5 * 60 * 60 },
    	{ "tcp.closing",	60 },
    	{ "tcp.finwait",	30 },
    	{ "tcp.closed",		30 },
    	{ "tcp.tsdiff",		10 },
    	{ NULL,			0 }
    };
    
    static const struct {
    	const char *name;
    	const struct pf_hint *hint;
    } pf_hints[] = {
    	{ "normal",		pf_hint_normal },
    	{ "satellite",		pf_hint_satellite },
    	{ "high-latency",	pf_hint_satellite },
    	{ "conservative",	pf_hint_conservative },
    	{ "aggressive",		pf_hint_aggressive },
    	{ NULL,			NULL }
    };
    
    static const char *clearopt_list[] = {
    	"rules", "Sources", "states", "info", "Tables", "osfp", "Reset",
    	"all", NULL
    };
    
    static const char *showopt_list[] = {
    	"queue", "rules", "Anchors", "Sources", "states", "info",
    	"Interfaces", "labels", "timeouts", "memory", "Tables", "osfp",
    	"all", NULL
    };
    
    static const char *tblcmdopt_list[] = {
    	"kill", "flush", "add", "delete", "replace", "show",
    	"test", "zero", "expire", NULL
    };
    
    static const char *debugopt_list[] = {
    	"debug", "info", "notice", "warning",
    	"error", "crit", "alert", "emerg",
    	NULL
    };
    
    static const char *optiopt_list[] = {
    	"none", "basic", "profile", NULL
    };
    
    struct pf_qihead qspecs = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qspecs);
    struct pf_qihead rootqs = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(rootqs);
    
    __dead void
    usage(void)
    {
    	extern char *__progname;
    
    	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [-deghNnPqrvz] ", __progname);
    	fprintf(stderr, "[-a anchor] [-D macro=value] [-F modifier]");
    	fprintf(stderr, " [-f file]\n");
    	fprintf(stderr, "\t[-i interface] [-K key] [-k key] [-L statefile]");
    	fprintf(stderr, " [-o level]\n");
    	fprintf(stderr, "\t[-p device] [-S statefile] [-s modifier [-R id]]\n");
    	fprintf(stderr, "\t[-t table -T command [address ...]]");
    	fprintf(stderr, " [-V rdomain] [-x level]\n");
    	exit(1);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_err(int opts, int eval, const char *fmt, ...)
    {
    	va_list	ap;
    
    	va_start(ap, fmt);
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_IGNFAIL) == 0)
    		verr(eval, fmt, ap);
    	else
    		vwarn(fmt, ap);
    
    	va_end(ap);
    
    	exit_val = eval;
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_errx(int opts, int eval, const char *fmt, ...)
    {
    	va_list	ap;
    
    	va_start(ap, fmt);
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_IGNFAIL) == 0)
    		verrx(eval, fmt, ap);
    	else
    		vwarnx(fmt, ap);
    
    	va_end(ap);
    
    	exit_val = eval;
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_enable(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCSTART) == -1) {
    		if (errno == EEXIST)
    			errx(1, "pf already enabled");
    		else
    			err(1, "DIOCSTART");
    	}
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "pf enabled\n");
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_disable(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCSTOP) == -1) {
    		if (errno == ENOENT)
    			errx(1, "pf not enabled");
    		else
    			err(1, "DIOCSTOP");
    	}
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "pf disabled\n");
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_clear_stats(int dev, const char *iface, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfioc_iface pi;
    
    	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
    	if (iface != NULL && strlcpy(pi.pfiio_name, iface,
    	    sizeof(pi.pfiio_name)) >= sizeof(pi.pfiio_name))
    		pfctl_errx(opts, 1, "invalid interface: %s", iface);
    
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCCLRSTATUS, &pi) == -1)
    		pfctl_err(opts, 1, "DIOCCLRSTATUS");
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "pf: statistics cleared");
    		if (iface != NULL)
    			fprintf(stderr, " for interface %s", iface);
    		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    	}
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_clear_interface_flags(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfioc_iface	pi;
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0) {
    		bzero(&pi, sizeof(pi));
    		pi.pfiio_flags = PFI_IFLAG_SKIP;
    
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCCLRIFFLAG, &pi) == -1)
    			pfctl_err(opts, 1, "DIOCCLRIFFLAG");
    		if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    			fprintf(stderr, "pf: interface flags reset\n");
    	}
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_clear_rules(int dev, int opts, char *anchorname)
    {
    	struct pfr_buffer 	t;
    
    	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
    	t.pfrb_type = PFRB_TRANS;
    	if (pfctl_add_trans(&t, PF_TRANS_RULESET, anchorname) ||
    	    pfctl_trans(dev, &t, DIOCXBEGIN, 0) ||
    	    pfctl_trans(dev, &t, DIOCXCOMMIT, 0)) {
    		pfctl_err(opts, 1, "%s", __func__);
    		return (1);
    	} else if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "rules cleared\n");
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_clear_src_nodes(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCCLRSRCNODES) == -1)
    		pfctl_err(opts, 1, "DIOCCLRSRCNODES");
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "source tracking entries cleared\n");
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_clear_states(int dev, const char *iface, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfioc_state_kill psk;
    
    	memset(&psk, 0, sizeof(psk));
    	if (iface != NULL && strlcpy(psk.psk_ifname, iface,
    	    sizeof(psk.psk_ifname)) >= sizeof(psk.psk_ifname))
    		pfctl_errx(opts, 1, "invalid interface: %s", iface);
    
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCCLRSTATES, &psk) == -1)
    		pfctl_err(opts, 1, "DIOCCLRSTATES");
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "%d states cleared\n", psk.psk_killed);
    }
    
    struct addrinfo *
    pfctl_addrprefix(char *addr, struct pf_addr *mask, int numeric)
    {
    	char *p;
    	const char *errstr;
    	int prefix, ret_ga, q, r;
    	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
    
    	bzero(&hints, sizeof(hints));
    	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;	/* dummy */
    	if (numeric)
    		hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
    
    	if ((p = strchr(addr, '/')) != NULL) {
    		*p++ = '\0';
    		/* prefix only with numeric addresses */
    		hints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
    	}
    
    	if ((ret_ga = getaddrinfo(addr, NULL, &hints, &res))) {
    		errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(ret_ga));
    		/* NOTREACHED */
    	}
    
    	if (p == NULL)
    		return res;
    
    	prefix = strtonum(p, 0, res->ai_family == AF_INET6 ? 128 : 32, &errstr);
    	if (errstr)
    		errx(1, "prefix is %s: %s", errstr, p);
    
    	q = prefix >> 3;
    	r = prefix & 7;
    	switch (res->ai_family) {
    	case AF_INET:
    		bzero(&mask->v4, sizeof(mask->v4));
    		mask->v4.s_addr = htonl((u_int32_t)
    		    (0xffffffffffULL << (32 - prefix)));
    		break;
    	case AF_INET6:
    		bzero(&mask->v6, sizeof(mask->v6));
    		if (q > 0)
    			memset((void *)&mask->v6, 0xff, q);
    		if (r > 0)
    			*((u_char *)&mask->v6 + q) =
    			    (0xff00 >> r) & 0xff;
    		break;
    	}
    
    	return res;
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_kill_src_nodes(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfioc_src_node_kill psnk;
    	struct addrinfo *res[2], *resp[2];
    	struct sockaddr last_src, last_dst;
    	int killed, sources, dests;
    
    	killed = sources = dests = 0;
    
    	memset(&psnk, 0, sizeof(psnk));
    	memset(&psnk.psnk_src.addr.v.a.mask, 0xff,
    	    sizeof(psnk.psnk_src.addr.v.a.mask));
    	memset(&last_src, 0xff, sizeof(last_src));
    	memset(&last_dst, 0xff, sizeof(last_dst));
    
    	res[0] = pfctl_addrprefix(src_node_kill[0],
    	    &psnk.psnk_src.addr.v.a.mask, (opts & PF_OPT_NODNS));
    
    	for (resp[0] = res[0]; resp[0]; resp[0] = resp[0]->ai_next) {
    		if (resp[0]->ai_addr == NULL)
    			continue;
    		/* We get lots of duplicates.  Catch the easy ones */
    		if (memcmp(&last_src, resp[0]->ai_addr, sizeof(last_src)) == 0)
    			continue;
    		last_src = *(struct sockaddr *)resp[0]->ai_addr;
    
    		psnk.psnk_af = resp[0]->ai_family;
    		sources++;
    
    		copy_satopfaddr(&psnk.psnk_src.addr.v.a.addr, resp[0]->ai_addr);
    
    		if (src_node_killers > 1) {
    			dests = 0;
    			memset(&psnk.psnk_dst.addr.v.a.mask, 0xff,
    			    sizeof(psnk.psnk_dst.addr.v.a.mask));
    			memset(&last_dst, 0xff, sizeof(last_dst));
    			res[1] = pfctl_addrprefix(src_node_kill[1],
    			    &psnk.psnk_dst.addr.v.a.mask,
    			    (opts & PF_OPT_NODNS));
    			for (resp[1] = res[1]; resp[1];
    			    resp[1] = resp[1]->ai_next) {
    				if (resp[1]->ai_addr == NULL)
    					continue;
    				if (psnk.psnk_af != resp[1]->ai_family)
    					continue;
    
    				if (memcmp(&last_dst, resp[1]->ai_addr,
    				    sizeof(last_dst)) == 0)
    					continue;
    				last_dst = *(struct sockaddr *)resp[1]->ai_addr;
    
    				dests++;
    
    				copy_satopfaddr(&psnk.psnk_src.addr.v.a.addr,
    				    resp[1]->ai_addr);
    
    				if (ioctl(dev, DIOCKILLSRCNODES, &psnk) == -1)
    					err(1, "DIOCKILLSRCNODES");
    				killed += psnk.psnk_killed;
    			}
    			freeaddrinfo(res[1]);
    		} else {
    			if (ioctl(dev, DIOCKILLSRCNODES, &psnk) == -1)
    				err(1, "DIOCKILLSRCNODES");
    			killed += psnk.psnk_killed;
    		}
    	}
    
    	freeaddrinfo(res[0]);
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "killed %d src nodes from %d sources and %d "
    		    "destinations\n", killed, sources, dests);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_net_kill_states(int dev, const char *iface, int opts, int rdomain)
    {
    	struct pfioc_state_kill psk;
    	struct addrinfo *res[2], *resp[2];
    	struct sockaddr last_src, last_dst;
    	int killed, sources, dests;
    
    	killed = sources = dests = 0;
    
    	memset(&psk, 0, sizeof(psk));
    	memset(&psk.psk_src.addr.v.a.mask, 0xff,
    	    sizeof(psk.psk_src.addr.v.a.mask));
    	memset(&last_src, 0xff, sizeof(last_src));
    	memset(&last_dst, 0xff, sizeof(last_dst));
    	if (iface != NULL && strlcpy(psk.psk_ifname, iface,
    	    sizeof(psk.psk_ifname)) >= sizeof(psk.psk_ifname))
    		errx(1, "invalid interface: %s", iface);
    
    	psk.psk_rdomain = rdomain;
    
    	res[0] = pfctl_addrprefix(state_kill[0],
    	    &psk.psk_src.addr.v.a.mask, (opts & PF_OPT_NODNS));
    
    	for (resp[0] = res[0]; resp[0]; resp[0] = resp[0]->ai_next) {
    		if (resp[0]->ai_addr == NULL)
    			continue;
    		/* We get lots of duplicates.  Catch the easy ones */
    		if (memcmp(&last_src, resp[0]->ai_addr, sizeof(last_src)) == 0)
    			continue;
    		last_src = *(struct sockaddr *)resp[0]->ai_addr;
    
    		psk.psk_af = resp[0]->ai_family;
    		sources++;
    
    		copy_satopfaddr(&psk.psk_src.addr.v.a.addr, resp[0]->ai_addr);
    
    		if (state_killers > 1) {
    			dests = 0;
    			memset(&psk.psk_dst.addr.v.a.mask, 0xff,
    			    sizeof(psk.psk_dst.addr.v.a.mask));
    			memset(&last_dst, 0xff, sizeof(last_dst));
    			res[1] = pfctl_addrprefix(state_kill[1],
    			    &psk.psk_dst.addr.v.a.mask,
    			    (opts & PF_OPT_NODNS));
    			for (resp[1] = res[1]; resp[1];
    			    resp[1] = resp[1]->ai_next) {
    				if (resp[1]->ai_addr == NULL)
    					continue;
    				if (psk.psk_af != resp[1]->ai_family)
    					continue;
    
    				if (memcmp(&last_dst, resp[1]->ai_addr,
    				    sizeof(last_dst)) == 0)
    					continue;
    				last_dst = *(struct sockaddr *)resp[1]->ai_addr;
    
    				dests++;
    
    				copy_satopfaddr(&psk.psk_src.addr.v.a.addr,
    				    resp[1]->ai_addr);
    
    				if (ioctl(dev, DIOCKILLSTATES, &psk) == -1)
    					err(1, "DIOCKILLSTATES");
    				killed += psk.psk_killed;
    			}
    			freeaddrinfo(res[1]);
    		} else {
    			if (ioctl(dev, DIOCKILLSTATES, &psk) == -1)
    				err(1, "DIOCKILLSTATES");
    			killed += psk.psk_killed;
    		}
    	}
    
    	freeaddrinfo(res[0]);
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "killed %d states from %d sources and %d "
    		    "destinations\n", killed, sources, dests);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_label_kill_states(int dev, const char *iface, int opts, int rdomain)
    {
    	struct pfioc_state_kill psk;
    
    	if (state_killers != 2 || (strlen(state_kill[1]) == 0)) {
    		warnx("no label specified");
    		usage();
    	}
    	memset(&psk, 0, sizeof(psk));
    	if (iface != NULL && strlcpy(psk.psk_ifname, iface,
    	    sizeof(psk.psk_ifname)) >= sizeof(psk.psk_ifname))
    		errx(1, "invalid interface: %s", iface);
    
    	if (strlcpy(psk.psk_label, state_kill[1], sizeof(psk.psk_label)) >=
    	    sizeof(psk.psk_label))
    		errx(1, "label too long: %s", state_kill[1]);
    
    	psk.psk_rdomain = rdomain;
    
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCKILLSTATES, &psk) == -1)
    		err(1, "DIOCKILLSTATES");
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "killed %d states\n", psk.psk_killed);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_id_kill_states(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfioc_state_kill psk;
    
    	if (state_killers != 2 || (strlen(state_kill[1]) == 0)) {
    		warnx("no id specified");
    		usage();
    	}
    
    	memset(&psk, 0, sizeof(psk));
    	if ((sscanf(state_kill[1], "%llx/%x",
    	    &psk.psk_pfcmp.id, &psk.psk_pfcmp.creatorid)) == 2)
    		HTONL(psk.psk_pfcmp.creatorid);
    	else if ((sscanf(state_kill[1], "%llx", &psk.psk_pfcmp.id)) == 1) {
    		psk.psk_pfcmp.creatorid = 0;
    	} else {
    		warnx("wrong id format specified");
    		usage();
    	}
    	if (psk.psk_pfcmp.id == 0) {
    		warnx("cannot kill id 0");
    		usage();
    	}
    
    	psk.psk_pfcmp.id = htobe64(psk.psk_pfcmp.id);
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCKILLSTATES, &psk) == -1)
    		err(1, "DIOCKILLSTATES");
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "killed %d states\n", psk.psk_killed);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_key_kill_states(int dev, const char *iface, int opts, int rdomain)
    {
    	struct pfioc_state_kill psk;
    	char *s, *token, *tokens[4];
    	struct protoent *p;
    	u_int i, sidx, didx;
    
    	if (state_killers != 2 || (strlen(state_kill[1]) == 0)) {
    		warnx("no key specified");
    		usage();
    	}
    	memset(&psk, 0, sizeof(psk));
    
    	if (iface != NULL && strlcpy(psk.psk_ifname, iface,
    	    sizeof(psk.psk_ifname)) >= sizeof(psk.psk_ifname))
    		errx(1, "invalid interface: %s", iface);
    
    	psk.psk_rdomain = rdomain;
    
    	s = strdup(state_kill[1]);
    	if (!s)
    		errx(1, "pfctl_key_kill_states: strdup");
    	i = 0;
    	while ((token = strsep(&s, " \t")) != NULL)
    		if (*token != '\0') {
    			if (i < 4)
    				tokens[i] = token;
    			i++;
    		}
    	if (i != 4)
    		errx(1, "pfctl_key_kill_states: key must be "
    		    "\"protocol host1:port1 direction host2:port2\" format");
    
    	if ((p = getprotobyname(tokens[0])) == NULL)
    		errx(1, "invalid protocol: %s", tokens[0]);
    	psk.psk_proto = p->p_proto;
    
    	if (strcmp(tokens[2], "->") == 0) {
    		sidx = 1;
    		didx = 3;
    	} else if (strcmp(tokens[2], "<-") == 0) {
    		sidx = 3;
    		didx = 1;
    	} else
    		errx(1, "invalid direction: %s", tokens[2]);
    
    	if (pfctl_parse_host(tokens[sidx], &psk.psk_src) == -1)
    		errx(1, "invalid host: %s", tokens[sidx]);
    	if (pfctl_parse_host(tokens[didx], &psk.psk_dst) == -1)
    		errx(1, "invalid host: %s", tokens[didx]);
    
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCKILLSTATES, &psk) == -1)
    		err(1, "DIOCKILLSTATES");
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "killed %d states\n", psk.psk_killed);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_parse_host(char *str, struct pf_rule_addr *addr)
    {
    	char *s = NULL, *sbs, *sbe;
    	struct addrinfo hints, *ai;
    
    	s = strdup(str);
    	if (!s)
    		errx(1, "pfctl_parse_host: strdup");
    
    	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
    	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;	/* dummy */
    	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
    
    	if ((sbs = strchr(s, '[')) != NULL && (sbe = strrchr(s, ']')) != NULL) {
    		hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
    		*(sbs++) = *sbe = '\0';
    	} else if ((sbs = strchr(s, ':')) != NULL) {
    		hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
    		*(sbs++) = '\0';
    	} else
    		goto error;
    
    	if (getaddrinfo(s, sbs, &hints, &ai) != 0)
    		goto error;
    
    	copy_satopfaddr(&addr->addr.v.a.addr, ai->ai_addr);
    	addr->port[0] = ai->ai_family == AF_INET6 ?
    	    ((struct sockaddr_in6 *)ai->ai_addr)->sin6_port :
    	    ((struct sockaddr_in *)ai->ai_addr)->sin_port;
    
    	freeaddrinfo(ai);
    	free(s);
    
    	memset(&addr->addr.v.a.mask, 0xff, sizeof(struct pf_addr));
    	addr->port_op = PF_OP_EQ;
    	addr->addr.type = PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK;
    
    	return (0);
    
     error:
    	free(s);
    	return (-1);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_print_rule_counters(struct pf_rule *rule, int opts)
    {
    	if ((rule->rule_flag & PFRULE_EXPIRED) &&
    	    !(opts & (PF_OPT_VERBOSE2 | PF_OPT_DEBUG)))
    		return;
    
    	if (opts & PF_OPT_DEBUG) {
    		const char *t[PF_SKIP_COUNT] = { "i", "d", "r", "f",
    		    "p", "sa", "da", "sp", "dp" };
    		int i;
    
    		printf("  [ Skip steps: ");
    		for (i = 0; i < PF_SKIP_COUNT; ++i) {
    			if (rule->skip[i].nr == rule->nr + 1)
    				continue;
    			printf("%s=", t[i]);
    			if (rule->skip[i].nr == -1)
    				printf("end ");
    			else
    				printf("%u ", rule->skip[i].nr);
    		}
    		printf("]\n");
    
    		printf("  [ queue: qname=%s qid=%u pqname=%s pqid=%u ]\n",
    		    rule->qname, rule->qid, rule->pqname, rule->pqid);
    	}
    	if (opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE) {
    		printf("  [ Evaluations: %-8llu  Packets: %-8llu  "
    			    "Bytes: %-10llu  States: %-6u]\n",
    			    (unsigned long long)rule->evaluations,
    			    (unsigned long long)(rule->packets[0] +
    			    rule->packets[1]),
    			    (unsigned long long)(rule->bytes[0] +
    			    rule->bytes[1]), rule->states_cur);
    		if (!(opts & PF_OPT_DEBUG))
    			printf("  [ Inserted: uid %lu pid %lu "
    			    "State Creations: %-6u]\n",
    			    (unsigned long)rule->cuid, (unsigned long)rule->cpid,
    			    rule->states_tot);
    	}
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_print_title(char *title)
    {
    	if (!first_title)
    		printf("\n");
    	first_title = 0;
    	printf("%s\n", title);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_show_rules(int dev, char *path, int opts, enum pfctl_show format,
        char *anchorname, int depth, int wildcard, long shownr)
    {
    	struct pfioc_rule pr;
    	u_int32_t nr, mnr, header = 0;
    	int len = strlen(path), ret = 0;
    	char *npath, *p;
    
    	if (depth > PF_ANCHOR_STACK_MAX) {
    		warnx("%s: max stack depth exceeded for %s", __func__, path);
    		return (-1);
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Truncate a trailing / and * on an anchorname before searching for
    	 * the ruleset, this is syntactic sugar that doesn't actually make it
    	 * to the kernel.
    	 */
    	if ((p = strrchr(anchorname, '/')) != NULL &&
    	    p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '\0') {
    		p[0] = '\0';
    	}
    
    	memset(&pr, 0, sizeof(pr));
    	if (anchorname[0] == '/') {
    		if ((npath = calloc(1, PATH_MAX)) == NULL)
    			err(1, "calloc");
    		strlcpy(npath, anchorname, PATH_MAX);
    	} else {
    		if (path[0])
    			snprintf(&path[len], PATH_MAX - len, "/%s", anchorname);
    		else
    			snprintf(&path[len], PATH_MAX - len, "%s", anchorname);
    		npath = path;
    	}
    
    	memcpy(pr.anchor, npath, sizeof(pr.anchor));
    	if (opts & PF_OPT_SHOWALL) {
    		pr.rule.action = PF_PASS;
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETRULES, &pr) == -1) {
    			warnx("%s", pf_strerror(errno));
    			ret = -1;
    			goto error;
    		}
    		header++;
    		if (format == PFCTL_SHOW_RULES && (pr.nr > 0 || header))
    			pfctl_print_title("FILTER RULES:");
    		else if (format == PFCTL_SHOW_LABELS && labels)
    			pfctl_print_title("LABEL COUNTERS:");
    	}
    	if (opts & PF_OPT_CLRRULECTRS)
    		pr.action = PF_GET_CLR_CNTR;
    
    	pr.rule.action = PF_PASS;
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETRULES, &pr) == -1) {
    		warnx("%s", pf_strerror(errno));
    		ret = -1;
    		goto error;
    	}
    
    	if (shownr < 0) {
    		mnr = pr.nr;
    		nr = 0;
    	} else if (shownr < pr.nr) {
    		nr = shownr;
    		mnr = shownr + 1;
    	} else {
    		warnx("rule %ld not found", shownr);
    		ret = -1;
    		goto error;
    	}
    	for (; nr < mnr; ++nr) {
    		pr.nr = nr;
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETRULE, &pr) == -1) {
    			warn("DIOCGETRULE");
    			ret = -1;
    			goto error;
    		}
    
    		/* anchor is the same for all rules in it */
    		if (pr.rule.anchor_wildcard == 0)
    			wildcard = 0;
    
    		switch (format) {
    		case PFCTL_SHOW_LABELS:
    			if (pr.rule.label[0]) {
    				INDENT(depth, !(opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE));
    				printf("%s %llu %llu %llu %llu"
    				    " %llu %llu %llu %llu\n",
    				    pr.rule.label,
    				    (unsigned long long)pr.rule.evaluations,
    				    (unsigned long long)(pr.rule.packets[0] +
    				    pr.rule.packets[1]),
    				    (unsigned long long)(pr.rule.bytes[0] +
    				    pr.rule.bytes[1]),
    				    (unsigned long long)pr.rule.packets[0],
    				    (unsigned long long)pr.rule.bytes[0],
    				    (unsigned long long)pr.rule.packets[1],
    				    (unsigned long long)pr.rule.bytes[1],
    				    (unsigned long long)pr.rule.states_tot);
    			}
    			break;
    		case PFCTL_SHOW_RULES:
    			if (pr.rule.label[0] && (opts & PF_OPT_SHOWALL))
    				labels = 1;
    			INDENT(depth, !(opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE));
    			print_rule(&pr.rule, pr.anchor_call, opts);
    
    			/*
    			 * If this is an 'unnamed' brace notation anchor OR
    			 * the user has explicitly requested recursion,
    			 * print it recursively.
    			 */
           		        if (pr.anchor_call[0] &&
    			    (((p = strrchr(pr.anchor_call, '/')) ?
    			    p[1] == '_' : pr.anchor_call[0] == '_') ||
    			    opts & PF_OPT_RECURSE)) {
    				printf(" {\n");
    				pfctl_print_rule_counters(&pr.rule, opts);
    				pfctl_show_rules(dev, npath, opts, format,
    				    pr.anchor_call, depth + 1,
    				    pr.rule.anchor_wildcard, -1);
    				INDENT(depth, !(opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE));
    				printf("}\n");
    			} else {
    				if ((pr.rule.rule_flag & PFRULE_EXPIRED) &&
    				    !(opts & (PF_OPT_VERBOSE2 | PF_OPT_DEBUG)))
    					break;
    				printf("\n");
    				pfctl_print_rule_counters(&pr.rule, opts);
    			}
    			break;
    		case PFCTL_SHOW_NOTHING:
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * If this anchor was called with a wildcard path, go through
    	 * the rulesets in the anchor rather than the rules.
    	 */
    	if (wildcard && (opts & PF_OPT_RECURSE)) {
    		struct pfioc_ruleset	 prs;
    		u_int32_t		 mnr, nr;
    
    		memset(&prs, 0, sizeof(prs));
    		memcpy(prs.path, npath, sizeof(prs.path));
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETRULESETS, &prs) == -1)
    			errx(1, "%s", pf_strerror(errno));
    		mnr = prs.nr;
    
    		for (nr = 0; nr < mnr; ++nr) {
    			prs.nr = nr;
    			if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETRULESET, &prs) == -1)
    				errx(1, "%s", pf_strerror(errno));
    			INDENT(depth, !(opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE));
    			printf("anchor \"%s\" all {\n", prs.name);
    			pfctl_show_rules(dev, npath, opts,
    			    format, prs.name, depth + 1, 0, shownr);
    			INDENT(depth, !(opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE));
    			printf("}\n");
    		}
    		path[len] = '\0';
    		return (0);
    	}
    
     error:
    	if (path != npath)
    		free(npath);
    	path[len] = '\0';
    	return (ret);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_show_src_nodes(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfioc_src_nodes psn;
    	struct pf_src_node *p;
    	char *inbuf = NULL, *newinbuf = NULL;
    	size_t i, len = 0;
    
    	memset(&psn, 0, sizeof(psn));
    	for (;;) {
    		psn.psn_len = len;
    		if (len) {
    			newinbuf = realloc(inbuf, len);
    			if (newinbuf == NULL)
    				err(1, "realloc");
    			psn.psn_buf = inbuf = newinbuf;
    		}
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETSRCNODES, &psn) == -1) {
    			warn("DIOCGETSRCNODES");
    			free(inbuf);
    			return (-1);
    		}
    		if (psn.psn_len + sizeof(struct pfioc_src_nodes) < len)
    			break;
    		if (len == 0 && psn.psn_len == 0)
    			goto done;
    		if (len == 0 && psn.psn_len != 0)
    			len = psn.psn_len;
    		if (psn.psn_len == 0)
    			goto done;	/* no src_nodes */
    		len *= 2;
    	}
    	p = psn.psn_src_nodes;
    	if (psn.psn_len > 0 && (opts & PF_OPT_SHOWALL))
    		pfctl_print_title("SOURCE TRACKING NODES:");
    	for (i = 0; i < psn.psn_len; i += sizeof(*p)) {
    		print_src_node(p, opts);
    		p++;
    	}
    done:
    	free(inbuf);
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_show_states(int dev, const char *iface, int opts, long shownr)
    {
    	struct pfioc_states ps;
    	struct pfsync_state *p;
    	char *inbuf = NULL, *newinbuf = NULL;
    	size_t i, len = 0;
    	int dotitle = (opts & PF_OPT_SHOWALL);
    
    	memset(&ps, 0, sizeof(ps));
    	for (;;) {
    		ps.ps_len = len;
    		if (len) {
    			newinbuf = realloc(inbuf, len);
    			if (newinbuf == NULL)
    				err(1, "realloc");
    			ps.ps_buf = inbuf = newinbuf;
    		}
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETSTATES, &ps) == -1) {
    			warn("DIOCGETSTATES");
    			free(inbuf);
    			return (-1);
    		}
    		if (ps.ps_len + sizeof(struct pfioc_states) < len)
    			break;
    		if (len == 0 && ps.ps_len == 0)
    			goto done;
    		if (len == 0 && ps.ps_len != 0)
    			len = ps.ps_len;
    		if (ps.ps_len == 0)
    			goto done;	/* no states */
    		len *= 2;
    	}
    	p = ps.ps_states;
    	for (i = 0; i < ps.ps_len; i += sizeof(*p), p++) {
    		if (iface != NULL && strcmp(p->ifname, iface))
    			continue;
    		if (dotitle) {
    			pfctl_print_title("STATES:");
    			dotitle = 0;
    		}
    		if (shownr < 0 || ntohl(p->rule) == shownr)
    			print_state(p, opts);
    	}
    done:
    	free(inbuf);
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_show_status(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	struct pf_status status;
    	struct pfctl_watermarks wats;
    	struct pfioc_synflwats iocwats;
    
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETSTATUS, &status) == -1) {
    		warn("DIOCGETSTATUS");
    		return (-1);
    	}
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETSYNFLWATS, &iocwats) == -1) {
    		warn("DIOCGETSYNFLWATS");
    		return (-1);
    	}
    	wats.hi = iocwats.hiwat;
    	wats.lo = iocwats.lowat;
    	if (opts & PF_OPT_SHOWALL)
    		pfctl_print_title("INFO:");
    	print_status(&status, &wats, opts);
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_show_timeouts(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfioc_tm pt;
    	int i;
    
    	if (opts & PF_OPT_SHOWALL)
    		pfctl_print_title("TIMEOUTS:");
    	memset(&pt, 0, sizeof(pt));
    	for (i = 0; pf_timeouts[i].name; i++) {
    		pt.timeout = pf_timeouts[i].timeout;
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETTIMEOUT, &pt) == -1)
    			err(1, "DIOCGETTIMEOUT");
    		printf("%-20s %10d", pf_timeouts[i].name, pt.seconds);
    		if (pf_timeouts[i].timeout >= PFTM_ADAPTIVE_START &&
    		    pf_timeouts[i].timeout <= PFTM_ADAPTIVE_END)
    			printf(" states");
    		else
    			printf("s");
    		printf("\n");
    	}
    	return (0);
    
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_show_limits(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfioc_limit pl;
    	int i;
    
    	if (opts & PF_OPT_SHOWALL)
    		pfctl_print_title("LIMITS:");
    	memset(&pl, 0, sizeof(pl));
    	for (i = 0; pf_limits[i].name; i++) {
    		pl.index = pf_limits[i].index;
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETLIMIT, &pl) == -1)
    			err(1, "DIOCGETLIMIT");
    		printf("%-13s ", pf_limits[i].name);
    		if (pl.limit == UINT_MAX)
    			printf("unlimited\n");
    		else
    			printf("hard limit %8u\n", pl.limit);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    /* callbacks for rule/nat/rdr/addr */
    void
    pfctl_add_rule(struct pfctl *pf, struct pf_rule *r)
    {
    	struct pf_rule		*rule;
    	struct pf_ruleset	*rs;
    
    	rs = &pf->anchor->ruleset;
    
    	if ((rule = calloc(1, sizeof(*rule))) == NULL)
    		err(1, "calloc");
    	bcopy(r, rule, sizeof(*rule));
    
    	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(rs->rules.active.ptr, rule, entries);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_ruleset_trans(struct pfctl *pf, char *path, struct pf_anchor *a)
    {
    	int osize = pf->trans->pfrb_size;
    
    	if (pfctl_add_trans(pf->trans, PF_TRANS_RULESET, path))
    		return (3);
    	if (pfctl_add_trans(pf->trans, PF_TRANS_TABLE, path))
    		return (4);
    	if (pfctl_trans(pf->dev, pf->trans, DIOCXBEGIN, osize))
    		return (5);
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_add_queue(struct pfctl *pf, struct pf_queuespec *q)
    {
    	struct pfctl_qsitem	*qi;
    
    	if (pf->anchor->name[0]) {
    		printf("must not have queue definitions in an anchor\n");
    		return (1);
    	}
    
    	if (q->parent[0] == '\0') {
    		TAILQ_FOREACH(qi, &rootqs, entries) {
    			if (strcmp(q->ifname, qi->qs.ifname))
    			    continue;
    			printf("A root queue is already defined on %s\n",
    			    qi->qs.ifname);
    			return (1);
    		}
    	}
    
    	if ((qi = calloc(1, sizeof(*qi))) == NULL)
    		err(1, "calloc");
    	bcopy(q, &qi->qs, sizeof(qi->qs));
    	TAILQ_INIT(&qi->children);
    
    	if (qi->qs.parent[0])
    		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&qspecs, qi, entries);
    	else
    		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&rootqs, qi, entries);
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    struct pfctl_qsitem *
    pfctl_find_queue(char *what, struct pf_qihead *where)
    {
    	struct pfctl_qsitem *q;
    
    	TAILQ_FOREACH(q, where, entries)
    		if (strcmp(q->qs.qname, what) == 0)
    			return (q);
    
    	return (NULL);
    }
    
    u_int
    pfctl_find_childqs(struct pfctl_qsitem *qi)
    {
    	struct pfctl_qsitem	*n, *p, *q;
    	u_int			 flags = qi->qs.flags;
    
    	TAILQ_FOREACH(p, &qspecs, entries) {
    		if (strcmp(p->qs.parent, qi->qs.qname))
    			continue;
    		if (p->qs.ifname[0] && strcmp(p->qs.ifname, qi->qs.ifname))
    			continue;
    		if (++p->matches > 10000)
    			errx(1, "pfctl_find_childqs: excessive matches, loop?");
    
    		if ((q = pfctl_find_queue(p->qs.qname, &qi->children)) == NULL) {
    			/* insert */
    			if ((n = calloc(1, sizeof(*n))) == NULL)
    				err(1, "calloc");
    			TAILQ_INIT(&n->children);
    			bcopy(&p->qs, &n->qs, sizeof(n->qs));
    			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&qi->children, n, entries);
    		} else {
    			if ((q->qs.ifname[0] && p->qs.ifname[0]))
    				errx(1, "queue %s on %s respecified",
    				    q->qs.qname, q->qs.ifname);
    			if (!q->qs.ifname[0] && !p->qs.ifname[0])
    				errx(1, "queue %s respecified",
    				    q->qs.qname);
    			/* ifbound beats floating */
    			if (!q->qs.ifname[0])
    				bcopy(&p->qs, &q->qs, sizeof(q->qs));
    		}
    	}
    
    	TAILQ_FOREACH(p, &qi->children, entries)
    		flags |= pfctl_find_childqs(p);
    
    	if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&qi->children)) {
    		if (qi->qs.flags & PFQS_DEFAULT)
    			errx(1, "default queue %s is not a leaf queue",
    			    qi->qs.qname);
    		if (qi->qs.flags & PFQS_FLOWQUEUE)
    			errx(1, "flow queue %s is not a leaf queue",
    			    qi->qs.qname);
    	}
    
    	return (flags);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_load_queue(struct pfctl *pf, u_int32_t ticket, struct pfctl_qsitem *qi)
    {
    	struct pfioc_queue	 q;
    	struct pfctl_qsitem	*p;
    
    	q.ticket = ticket;
    	bcopy(&qi->qs, &q.queue, sizeof(q.queue));
    	if ((pf->opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0)
    		if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCADDQUEUE, &q) == -1)
    			err(1, "DIOCADDQUEUE");
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    		print_queuespec(&qi->qs);
    
    	TAILQ_FOREACH(p, &qi->children, entries) {
    		strlcpy(p->qs.ifname, qi->qs.ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
    		pfctl_load_queue(pf, ticket, p);
    	}
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_queues(struct pfctl *pf)
    {
    	struct pfctl_qsitem	*qi, *tempqi;
    	struct pf_queue_scspec	*rtsc, *lssc, *ulsc;
    	u_int32_t		 ticket;
    
    	TAILQ_FOREACH(qi, &qspecs, entries) {
    		if (qi->matches == 0)
    			errx(1, "queue %s: parent %s not found", qi->qs.qname,
    			    qi->qs.parent);
    
    		rtsc = &qi->qs.realtime;
    		lssc = &qi->qs.linkshare;
    		ulsc = &qi->qs.upperlimit;
    
    		if (rtsc->m1.percent || rtsc->m2.percent ||
    		    lssc->m1.percent || lssc->m2.percent ||
    		    ulsc->m1.percent || ulsc->m2.percent)
    			errx(1, "only absolute bandwidth specs for now");
    
    		/* Link sharing policy must be specified for child classes */
    		if (qi->qs.parent[0] != '\0' &&
    		    lssc->m1.absolute == 0 && lssc->m2.absolute == 0)
    			errx(1, "queue %s: no bandwidth was specified",
    			    qi->qs.qname);
    	}
    
    	if ((pf->opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0)
    		ticket = pfctl_get_ticket(pf->trans, PF_TRANS_RULESET, "");
    
    	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(qi, &rootqs, entries, tempqi) {
    		TAILQ_REMOVE(&rootqs, qi, entries);
    		pfctl_load_queue(pf, ticket, qi);
    		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&rootqs, qi, entries);
    	}
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_clear_queues(struct pf_qihead *head)
    {
    	struct pfctl_qsitem *qi;
    
    	while ((qi = TAILQ_FIRST(head)) != NULL) {
    		TAILQ_REMOVE(head, qi, entries);
    		pfctl_clear_queues(&qi->children);
    		free(qi);
    	}
    }
    
    u_int
    pfctl_leafqueue_check(char *qname)
    {
    	struct pfctl_qsitem	*qi;
    	if (qname == NULL || qname[0] == 0)
    		return (0);
    
    	TAILQ_FOREACH(qi, &rootqs, entries) {
    		if (strcmp(qname, qi->qs.qname))
    			continue;
    		if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&qi->children)) {
    			printf("queue %s: packets must be assigned to leaf "
    			    "queues only\n", qname);
    			return (1);
    		}
    	}
    	TAILQ_FOREACH(qi, &qspecs, entries) {
    		if (strcmp(qname, qi->qs.qname))
    			continue;
    		if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&qi->children)) {
    			printf("queue %s: packets must be assigned to leaf "
    			    "queues only\n", qname);
    			return (1);
    		}
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    u_int
    pfctl_check_qassignments(struct pf_ruleset *rs)
    {
    	struct pf_rule		*r;
    	struct pfctl_qsitem	*qi;
    	u_int			 flags, errs = 0;
    
    	/* main ruleset: need find_childqs to populate qi->children */
    	if (rs->anchor->path[0] == 0) {
    		TAILQ_FOREACH(qi, &rootqs, entries) {
    			flags = pfctl_find_childqs(qi);
    			if (!(qi->qs.flags & PFQS_ROOTCLASS) &&
    			    !TAILQ_EMPTY(&qi->children)) {
    				if (qi->qs.flags & PFQS_FLOWQUEUE)
    					errx(1, "root queue %s doesn't "
    					    "support hierarchy",
    					    qi->qs.qname);
    				else
    					errx(1, "no bandwidth was specified "
    					    "for root queue %s", qi->qs.qname);
    			}
    			if ((qi->qs.flags & PFQS_ROOTCLASS) &&
    			    !(flags & PFQS_DEFAULT))
    				errx(1, "no default queue specified");
    		}
    	}
    
    	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, rs->rules.active.ptr, entries) {
    		if (r->anchor)
    			errs += pfctl_check_qassignments(&r->anchor->ruleset);
    		if (pfctl_leafqueue_check(r->qname) ||
    		    pfctl_leafqueue_check(r->pqname))
    			errs++;
    	}
    	return (errs);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_ruleset(struct pfctl *pf, char *path, struct pf_ruleset *rs,
        int depth)
    {
    	struct pf_rule *r;
    	int		error, len = strlen(path);
    	int		brace = 0;
    	unsigned int	rno = 0;
    
    	pf->anchor = rs->anchor;
    
    	if (path[0])
    		snprintf(&path[len], PATH_MAX - len, "/%s", pf->anchor->name);
    	else
    		snprintf(&path[len], PATH_MAX - len, "%s", pf->anchor->path);
    
    	if (depth) {
    		if (TAILQ_FIRST(rs->rules.active.ptr) != NULL) {
    			brace++;
    			if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    				printf(" {\n");
    			if ((pf->opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0 &&
    			    (error = pfctl_ruleset_trans(pf,
    			    path, rs->anchor))) {
    				printf("pfctl_load_ruleset: "
    				    "pfctl_ruleset_trans %d\n", error);
    				goto error;
    			}
    		} else if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    			printf("\n");
    	}
    
    	if (pf->optimize)
    		pfctl_optimize_ruleset(pf, rs);
    
    	while ((r = TAILQ_FIRST(rs->rules.active.ptr)) != NULL) {
    		TAILQ_REMOVE(rs->rules.active.ptr, r, entries);
    		pfctl_expand_label_nr(r, rno);
    		rno++;
    		if ((error = pfctl_load_rule(pf, path, r, depth)))
    			goto error;
    		if (r->anchor) {
    			if ((error = pfctl_load_ruleset(pf, path,
    			    &r->anchor->ruleset, depth + 1)))
    				goto error;
    		} else if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    			printf("\n");
    		free(r);
    	}
    	if (brace && pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE) {
    		INDENT(depth - 1, (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE));
    		printf("}\n");
    	}
    	path[len] = '\0';
    	return (0);
    
     error:
    	path[len] = '\0';
    	return (error);
    
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_rule(struct pfctl *pf, char *path, struct pf_rule *r, int depth)
    {
    	char			*name;
    	struct pfioc_rule	pr;
    	int			len = strlen(path);
    
    	bzero(&pr, sizeof(pr));
    	/* set up anchor before adding to path for anchor_call */
    	if ((pf->opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0)
    		pr.ticket = pfctl_get_ticket(pf->trans, PF_TRANS_RULESET, path);
    	if (strlcpy(pr.anchor, path, sizeof(pr.anchor)) >= sizeof(pr.anchor))
    		errx(1, "pfctl_load_rule: strlcpy");
    
    	if (r->anchor) {
    		if (r->anchor->match) {
    			if (path[0])
    				snprintf(&path[len], PATH_MAX - len,
    				    "/%s", r->anchor->name);
    			else
    				snprintf(&path[len], PATH_MAX - len,
    				    "%s", r->anchor->name);
    			name = r->anchor->name;
    		} else
    			name = r->anchor->path;
    	} else
    		name = "";
    
    	if ((pf->opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0) {
    		memcpy(&pr.rule, r, sizeof(pr.rule));
    		if (r->anchor && strlcpy(pr.anchor_call, name,
    		    sizeof(pr.anchor_call)) >= sizeof(pr.anchor_call))
    			errx(1, "pfctl_load_rule: strlcpy");
    		if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCADDRULE, &pr) == -1)
    			err(1, "DIOCADDRULE");
    	}
    
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE) {
    		INDENT(depth, !(pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE2));
    		print_rule(r, name, pf->opts);
    	}
    	path[len] = '\0';
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_rules(int dev, char *filename, int opts, int optimize,
        char *anchorname, struct pfr_buffer *trans)
    {
    #define ERR(x) do { warn(x); goto _error; } while(0)
    #define ERRX(x) do { warnx(x); goto _error; } while(0)
    
    	struct pfr_buffer	*t, buf;
    	struct pfctl		 pf;
    	struct pf_ruleset	*rs;
    	struct pfr_table	 trs;
    	char			*path = NULL;
    	int			 osize;
    	char			*p;
    
    	RB_INIT(&pf_anchors);
    	memset(&pf_main_anchor, 0, sizeof(pf_main_anchor));
    	pf_init_ruleset(&pf_main_anchor.ruleset);
    	if (trans == NULL) {
    		bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));
    		buf.pfrb_type = PFRB_TRANS;
    		t = &buf;
    		osize = 0;
    	} else {
    		t = trans;
    		osize = t->pfrb_size;
    	}
    
    	memset(&pf, 0, sizeof(pf));
    	memset(&trs, 0, sizeof(trs));
    	if ((path = calloc(1, PATH_MAX)) == NULL)
    		ERRX("pfctl_rules: calloc");
    	if (strlcpy(trs.pfrt_anchor, anchorname,
    	    sizeof(trs.pfrt_anchor)) >= sizeof(trs.pfrt_anchor))
    		ERRX("pfctl_rules: strlcpy");
    	pf.dev = dev;
    	pf.opts = opts;
    	pf.optimize = optimize;
    
    	/* non-brace anchor, create without resolving the path */
    	if ((pf.anchor = calloc(1, sizeof(*pf.anchor))) == NULL)
    		ERRX("pfctl_rules: calloc");
    	rs = &pf.anchor->ruleset;
    	pf_init_ruleset(rs);
    	rs->anchor = pf.anchor;
    	if (strlcpy(pf.anchor->path, anchorname,
    	    sizeof(pf.anchor->path)) >= sizeof(pf.anchor->path))
    		errx(1, "%s: strlcpy", __func__);
    
    	if ((p = strrchr(anchorname, '/')) != NULL) {
    		if (strlen(p) == 1)
    			errx(1, "%s: bad anchor name %s", __func__, anchorname);
    	} else
    		p = anchorname;
    
    	if (strlcpy(pf.anchor->name, p,
    	    sizeof(pf.anchor->name)) >= sizeof(pf.anchor->name))
    		errx(1, "%s: strlcpy", __func__);
    
    	pf.astack[0] = pf.anchor;
    	pf.asd = 0;
    	pf.trans = t;
    	pfctl_init_options(&pf);
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0) {
    		/*
    		 * XXX For the time being we need to open transactions for
    		 * the main ruleset before parsing, because tables are still
    		 * loaded at parse time.
    		 */
    		if (pfctl_ruleset_trans(&pf, anchorname, pf.anchor))
    			ERRX("pfctl_rules");
    		pf.astack[0]->ruleset.tticket =
    		    pfctl_get_ticket(t, PF_TRANS_TABLE, anchorname);
    	}
    
    	if (parse_config(filename, &pf) < 0) {
    		if ((opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0)
    			ERRX("Syntax error in config file: "
    			    "pf rules not loaded");
    		else
    			goto _error;
    	}
    
    	if (!anchorname[0] && (pfctl_check_qassignments(&pf.anchor->ruleset) ||
    	    pfctl_load_queues(&pf))) {
    		if ((opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0)
    			ERRX("Unable to load queues into kernel");
    		else
    			goto _error;
    	}
    
    	if (pfctl_load_ruleset(&pf, path, rs, 0)) {
    		if ((opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0)
    			ERRX("Unable to load rules into kernel");
    		else
    			goto _error;
    	}
    
    	free(path);
    	path = NULL;
    
    	if (trans == NULL) {
    		/*
    		 * process "load anchor" directives that might have used queues
    		 */
    		if (pfctl_load_anchors(dev, &pf, t) == -1)
    			ERRX("load anchors");
    		pfctl_clear_queues(&qspecs);
    		pfctl_clear_queues(&rootqs);
    
    		if ((opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0) {
    			if (!anchorname[0] && pfctl_load_options(&pf))
    				goto _error;
    			if (pfctl_trans(dev, t, DIOCXCOMMIT, osize))
    				ERR("DIOCXCOMMIT");
    		}
    	}
    	return (0);
    
    _error:
    	if (trans == NULL) {	/* main ruleset */
    		if ((opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0)
    			if (pfctl_trans(dev, t, DIOCXROLLBACK, osize))
    				err(1, "DIOCXROLLBACK");
    		exit(1);
    	} else {		/* sub ruleset */
    		free(path);
    		return (-1);
    	}
    
    #undef ERR
    #undef ERRX
    }
    
    FILE *
    pfctl_fopen(const char *name, const char *mode)
    {
    	struct stat	 st;
    	FILE		*fp;
    
    	fp = fopen(name, mode);
    	if (fp == NULL)
    		return (NULL);
    	if (fstat(fileno(fp), &st) == -1) {
    		fclose(fp);
    		return (NULL);
    	}
    	if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
    		fclose(fp);
    		errno = EISDIR;
    		return (NULL);
    	}
    	return (fp);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_init_options(struct pfctl *pf)
    {
    	int64_t mem;
    	int mib[2], mcl;
    	size_t size;
    
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_TCP_FIRST_PACKET] = PFTM_TCP_FIRST_PACKET_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_TCP_OPENING] = PFTM_TCP_OPENING_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_TCP_ESTABLISHED] = PFTM_TCP_ESTABLISHED_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_TCP_CLOSING] = PFTM_TCP_CLOSING_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_TCP_FIN_WAIT] = PFTM_TCP_FIN_WAIT_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_TCP_CLOSED] = PFTM_TCP_CLOSED_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_UDP_FIRST_PACKET] = PFTM_UDP_FIRST_PACKET_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_UDP_SINGLE] = PFTM_UDP_SINGLE_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_UDP_MULTIPLE] = PFTM_UDP_MULTIPLE_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_ICMP_FIRST_PACKET] = PFTM_ICMP_FIRST_PACKET_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_ICMP_ERROR_REPLY] = PFTM_ICMP_ERROR_REPLY_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_OTHER_FIRST_PACKET] = PFTM_OTHER_FIRST_PACKET_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_OTHER_SINGLE] = PFTM_OTHER_SINGLE_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_OTHER_MULTIPLE] = PFTM_OTHER_MULTIPLE_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_FRAG] = PFTM_FRAG_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_INTERVAL] = PFTM_INTERVAL_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_SRC_NODE] = PFTM_SRC_NODE_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_TS_DIFF] = PFTM_TS_DIFF_VAL;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_ADAPTIVE_START] = PFSTATE_ADAPT_START;
    	pf->timeout[PFTM_ADAPTIVE_END] = PFSTATE_ADAPT_END;
    
    	pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_STATES] = PFSTATE_HIWAT;
    
    	pf->syncookieswat[0] = PF_SYNCOOKIES_LOWATPCT;
    	pf->syncookieswat[1] = PF_SYNCOOKIES_HIWATPCT;
    
    	mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
    	mib[1] = KERN_MAXCLUSTERS;
    	size = sizeof(mcl);
    	if (sysctl(mib, 2, &mcl, &size, NULL, 0) == -1)
    		err(1, "sysctl");
    	pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_FRAGS] = mcl / 4;
    
    	pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_SRC_NODES] = PFSNODE_HIWAT;
    	pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_TABLES] = PFR_KTABLE_HIWAT;
    	pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_TABLE_ENTRIES] = PFR_KENTRY_HIWAT;
    	pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_PKTDELAY_PKTS] = PF_PKTDELAY_MAXPKTS;
    	pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_ANCHORS] = PF_ANCHOR_HIWAT;
    
    	mib[0] = CTL_HW;
    	mib[1] = HW_PHYSMEM64;
    	size = sizeof(mem);
    	if (sysctl(mib, 2, &mem, &size, NULL, 0) == -1)
    		err(1, "sysctl");
    	if (mem <= 100*1024*1024)
    		pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_TABLE_ENTRIES] = PFR_KENTRY_HIWAT_SMALL;
    
    	pf->debug = LOG_ERR;
    	pf->debug_set = 0;
    	pf->reassemble = PF_REASS_ENABLED;
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_options(struct pfctl *pf)
    {
    	int i, error = 0;
    
    	/* load limits */
    	for (i = 0; i < PF_LIMIT_MAX; i++)
    		if (pfctl_load_limit(pf, i, pf->limit[i]))
    			error = 1;
    
    	/*
    	 * If we've set the states limit, but haven't explicitly set adaptive
    	 * timeouts, do it now with a start of 60% and end of 120%.
    	 */
    	if (pf->limit_set[PF_LIMIT_STATES] &&
    	    !pf->timeout_set[PFTM_ADAPTIVE_START] &&
    	    !pf->timeout_set[PFTM_ADAPTIVE_END]) {
    		pf->timeout[PFTM_ADAPTIVE_START] =
    			(pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_STATES] / 10) * 6;
    		pf->timeout_set[PFTM_ADAPTIVE_START] = 1;
    		pf->timeout[PFTM_ADAPTIVE_END] =
    			(pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_STATES] / 10) * 12;
    		pf->timeout_set[PFTM_ADAPTIVE_END] = 1;
    	}
    
    	/* load timeouts */
    	for (i = 0; i < PFTM_MAX; i++)
    		if (pfctl_load_timeout(pf, i, pf->timeout[i]))
    			error = 1;
    
    	/* load debug */
    	if (pf->debug_set && pfctl_load_debug(pf, pf->debug))
    		error = 1;
    
    	/* load logif */
    	if (pf->ifname_set && pfctl_load_logif(pf, pf->ifname))
    		error = 1;
    
    	/* load hostid */
    	if (pf->hostid_set && pfctl_load_hostid(pf, pf->hostid))
    		error = 1;
    
    	/* load reassembly settings */
    	if (pf->reass_set && pfctl_load_reassembly(pf, pf->reassemble))
    		error = 1;
    
    	/* load syncookies settings */
    	if (pf->syncookies_set && pfctl_load_syncookies(pf, pf->syncookies))
    		error = 1;
    	if (pf->syncookieswat_set) {
    		struct pfioc_limit pl;
    		unsigned curlim;
    
    		if (pf->limit_set[PF_LIMIT_STATES])
    			curlim = pf->limit[PF_LIMIT_STATES];
    		else {
    			memset(&pl, 0, sizeof(pl));
    			pl.index = pf_limits[PF_LIMIT_STATES].index;
    			if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETLIMIT, &pl) == -1)
    				err(1, "DIOCGETLIMIT");
    			curlim = pl.limit;
    		}
    		if (pfctl_set_synflwats(pf, curlim * pf->syncookieswat[0]/100,
    		    curlim * pf->syncookieswat[1]/100))
    			error = 1;
    	}
    
    	return (error);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_set_limit(struct pfctl *pf, const char *opt, unsigned int limit)
    {
    	int i;
    
    	for (i = 0; pf_limits[i].name; i++) {
    		if (strcasecmp(opt, pf_limits[i].name) == 0) {
    			pf->limit[pf_limits[i].index] = limit;
    			pf->limit_set[pf_limits[i].index] = 1;
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    	if (pf_limits[i].name == NULL) {
    		warnx("Bad pool name.");
    		return (1);
    	}
    
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    		printf("set limit %s %d\n", opt, limit);
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_limit(struct pfctl *pf, unsigned int index, unsigned int limit)
    {
    	struct pfioc_limit pl;
    
    	memset(&pl, 0, sizeof(pl));
    	pl.index = index;
    	pl.limit = limit;
    	if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCSETLIMIT, &pl) == -1) {
    		if (errno == EBUSY)
    			warnx("Current pool size exceeds requested %s limit %u",
    			    pf_limits[index].name, limit);
    		else
    			warnx("Cannot set %s limit to %u",
    			    pf_limits[index].name, limit);
    		return (1);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_set_timeout(struct pfctl *pf, const char *opt, int seconds, int quiet)
    {
    	int i;
    
    	for (i = 0; pf_timeouts[i].name; i++) {
    		if (strcasecmp(opt, pf_timeouts[i].name) == 0) {
    			pf->timeout[pf_timeouts[i].timeout] = seconds;
    			pf->timeout_set[pf_timeouts[i].timeout] = 1;
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (pf_timeouts[i].name == NULL) {
    		warnx("Bad timeout name.");
    		return (1);
    	}
    
    
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE && ! quiet)
    		printf("set timeout %s %d\n", opt, seconds);
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_timeout(struct pfctl *pf, unsigned int timeout, unsigned int seconds)
    {
    	struct pfioc_tm pt;
    
    	memset(&pt, 0, sizeof(pt));
    	pt.timeout = timeout;
    	pt.seconds = seconds;
    	if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCSETTIMEOUT, &pt) == -1) {
    		warnx("DIOCSETTIMEOUT");
    		return (1);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_set_synflwats(struct pfctl *pf, u_int32_t lowat, u_int32_t hiwat)
    {
    	struct pfioc_synflwats ps;
    
    	memset(&ps, 0, sizeof(ps));
    	ps.hiwat = hiwat;
    	ps.lowat = lowat;
    
    	if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCSETSYNFLWATS, &ps) == -1) {
    		warnx("Cannot set synflood detection watermarks");
    		return (1);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_set_reassembly(struct pfctl *pf, int on, int nodf)
    {
    	pf->reass_set = 1;
    	if (on) {
    		pf->reassemble = PF_REASS_ENABLED;
    		if (nodf)
    			pf->reassemble |= PF_REASS_NODF;
    	} else {
    		pf->reassemble = 0;
    	}
    
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    		printf("set reassemble %s %s\n", on ? "yes" : "no",
    		    nodf ? "no-df" : "");
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_set_syncookies(struct pfctl *pf, u_int8_t val, struct pfctl_watermarks *w)
    {
    	if (val != PF_SYNCOOKIES_ADAPTIVE && w != NULL) {
    		warnx("syncookies start/end only apply to adaptive");
    		return (1);
    	}
    	if (val == PF_SYNCOOKIES_ADAPTIVE && w != NULL) {
    		if (!w->hi)
    			w->hi = PF_SYNCOOKIES_HIWATPCT;
    		if (!w->lo)
    			w->lo = w->hi / 2;
    		if (w->lo >= w->hi) {
    			warnx("start must be higher than end");
    			return (1);
    		}
    		pf->syncookieswat[0] = w->lo;
    		pf->syncookieswat[1] = w->hi;
    		pf->syncookieswat_set = 1;
    	}
    
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE) {
    		if (val == PF_SYNCOOKIES_NEVER)
    			printf("set syncookies never\n");
    		else if (val == PF_SYNCOOKIES_ALWAYS)
    			printf("set syncookies always\n");
    		else if (val == PF_SYNCOOKIES_ADAPTIVE) {
    			if (pf->syncookieswat_set)
    				printf("set syncookies adaptive (start %u%%, "
    				    "end %u%%)\n", pf->syncookieswat[1],
    				    pf->syncookieswat[0]);
    			else
    				printf("set syncookies adaptive\n");
    		} else {	/* cannot happen */
    			warnx("king bula ate all syncookies");
    			return (1);
    		}
    	}
    
    	pf->syncookies_set = 1;
    	pf->syncookies = val;
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_set_optimization(struct pfctl *pf, const char *opt)
    {
    	const struct pf_hint *hint;
    	int i, r;
    
    	for (i = 0; pf_hints[i].name; i++)
    		if (strcasecmp(opt, pf_hints[i].name) == 0)
    			break;
    
    	hint = pf_hints[i].hint;
    	if (hint == NULL) {
    		warnx("invalid state timeouts optimization");
    		return (1);
    	}
    
    	for (i = 0; hint[i].name; i++)
    		if ((r = pfctl_set_timeout(pf, hint[i].name,
    		    hint[i].timeout, 1)))
    			return (r);
    
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    		printf("set optimization %s\n", opt);
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_set_logif(struct pfctl *pf, char *ifname)
    {
    	if (!strcmp(ifname, "none")) {
    		free(pf->ifname);
    		pf->ifname = NULL;
    	} else {
    		pf->ifname = strdup(ifname);
    		if (!pf->ifname)
    			errx(1, "pfctl_set_logif: strdup");
    	}
    	pf->ifname_set = 1;
    
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    		printf("set loginterface %s\n", ifname);
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_logif(struct pfctl *pf, char *ifname)
    {
    	struct pfioc_iface	pi;
    
    	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
    	if (ifname && strlcpy(pi.pfiio_name, ifname,
    	    sizeof(pi.pfiio_name)) >= sizeof(pi.pfiio_name)) {
    		warnx("pfctl_load_logif: strlcpy");
    		return (1);
    	}
    	if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCSETSTATUSIF, &pi) == -1) {
    		warnx("DIOCSETSTATUSIF");
    		return (1);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_set_hostid(struct pfctl *pf, u_int32_t hostid)
    {
    	HTONL(hostid);
    
    	pf->hostid = hostid;
    	pf->hostid_set = 1;
    
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    		printf("set hostid 0x%08x\n", ntohl(hostid));
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_hostid(struct pfctl *pf, u_int32_t hostid)
    {
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCSETHOSTID, &hostid) == -1) {
    		warnx("DIOCSETHOSTID");
    		return (1);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_reassembly(struct pfctl *pf, u_int32_t reassembly)
    {
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCSETREASS, &reassembly) == -1) {
    		warnx("DIOCSETREASS");
    		return (1);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_syncookies(struct pfctl *pf, u_int8_t val)
    {
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCSETSYNCOOKIES, &val) == -1) {
    		warnx("DIOCSETSYNCOOKIES");
    		return (1);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_set_debug(struct pfctl *pf, char *d)
    {
    	u_int32_t	level;
    	int		loglevel;
    
    	if ((loglevel = string_to_loglevel(d)) >= 0)
    		level = loglevel;
    	else {
    		warnx("unknown debug level \"%s\"", d);
    		return (-1);
    	}
    	pf->debug = level;
    	pf->debug_set = 1;
    
    	if ((pf->opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0)
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCSETDEBUG, &level) == -1)
    			err(1, "DIOCSETDEBUG");
    
    	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    		printf("set debug %s\n", d);
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_load_debug(struct pfctl *pf, unsigned int level)
    {
    	if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCSETDEBUG, &level) == -1) {
    		warnx("DIOCSETDEBUG");
    		return (1);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_set_interface_flags(struct pfctl *pf, char *ifname, int flags, int how)
    {
    	struct pfioc_iface	pi;
    
    	bzero(&pi, sizeof(pi));
    
    	pi.pfiio_flags = flags;
    
    	if (strlcpy(pi.pfiio_name, ifname, sizeof(pi.pfiio_name)) >=
    	    sizeof(pi.pfiio_name))
    		errx(1, "pfctl_set_interface_flags: strlcpy");
    
    	if ((pf->opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0) {
    		if (how == 0) {
    			if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCCLRIFFLAG, &pi) == -1)
    				err(1, "DIOCCLRIFFLAG");
    		} else {
    			if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCSETIFFLAG, &pi) == -1)
    				err(1, "DIOCSETIFFLAG");
    		}
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_debug(int dev, u_int32_t level, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfr_buffer t;
    
    	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
    	t.pfrb_type = PFRB_TRANS;
    	if (pfctl_trans(dev, &t, DIOCXBEGIN, 0) ||
    	    ioctl(dev, DIOCSETDEBUG, &level) == -1||
    	    pfctl_trans(dev, &t, DIOCXCOMMIT, 0))
    		err(1, "pfctl_debug ioctl");
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_QUIET) == 0)
    		fprintf(stderr, "debug level set to '%s'\n",
    		    loglevel_to_string(level));
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_walk_show(int opts, struct pfioc_ruleset *pr, void *warg)
    {
    	if (pr->path[0]) {
    		if (pr->path[0] != '_' || (opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE))
    			printf("  %s/%s\n", pr->path, pr->name);
    	} else if (pr->name[0] != '_' || (opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE))
    		printf("  %s\n", pr->name);
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_walk_get(int opts, struct pfioc_ruleset *pr, void *warg)
    {
    	struct pfr_anchoritem	*pfra;
    	struct pfr_anchors	*anchors;
    	int			 e;
    
    	anchors = (struct pfr_anchors *) warg;
    
    	pfra = malloc(sizeof(*pfra));
    	if (pfra == NULL)
    		err(1, "%s", __func__);
    
    	if (pr->path[0])
    		e = asprintf(&pfra->pfra_anchorname, "%s/%s", pr->path,
    		    pr->name);
    	else
    		e = asprintf(&pfra->pfra_anchorname, "%s", pr->name);
    
    	if (e == -1)
    		err(1, "%s", __func__);
    
    
    	SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(anchors, pfra, pfra_sle);
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_walk_anchors(int dev, int opts, const char *anchor,
        int(walkf)(int, struct pfioc_ruleset *, void *), void *warg)
    {
    	struct pfioc_ruleset	 pr;
    	u_int32_t		 mnr, nr;
    
    	memset(&pr, 0, sizeof(pr));
    	strlcpy(pr.path, anchor, sizeof(pr.path));
    	if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETRULESETS, &pr) == -1)
    		errx(1, "%s", pf_strerror(errno));
    	mnr = pr.nr;
    	for (nr = 0; nr < mnr; ++nr) {
    		char sub[PATH_MAX];
    
    		pr.nr = nr;
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETRULESET, &pr) == -1)
    			errx(1, "%s", pf_strerror(errno));
    		if (!strcmp(pr.name, PF_RESERVED_ANCHOR))
    			continue;
    		sub[0] = '\0';
    
    		if (walkf(opts, &pr, warg))
    			return (-1);
    
    		if (pr.path[0])
    			snprintf(sub, sizeof(sub), "%s/%s",
    			    pr.path, pr.name);
    		else
    			snprintf(sub, sizeof(sub), "%s",
    			    pr.name);
    		if (pfctl_walk_anchors(dev, opts, sub, walkf, warg))
    			return (-1);
    	}
    	return (0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_show_anchors(int dev, int opts, char *anchor)
    {
    	return (
    	    pfctl_walk_anchors(dev, opts, anchor, pfctl_walk_show, NULL));
    }
    
    struct pfr_anchors *
    pfctl_get_anchors(int dev, const char *anchor, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfioc_ruleset	pr;
    	static struct pfr_anchors anchors;
    	char anchorbuf[PATH_MAX];
    	char *n;
    
    	SLIST_INIT(&anchors);
    
    	memset(&pr, 0, sizeof(pr));
    	if (*anchor != '\0') {
    		strlcpy(anchorbuf, anchor, sizeof(anchorbuf));
    		n = dirname(anchorbuf);
    		if (n[0] != '.' && n[1] != '\0')
    			strlcpy(pr.path, n, sizeof(pr.path));
    		strlcpy(anchorbuf, anchor, sizeof(anchorbuf));
    		n = basename(anchorbuf);
    		if (n != NULL)
    			strlcpy(pr.name, n, sizeof(pr.name));
    	}
    
    	/* insert a root anchor first. */
    	pfctl_walk_get(opts, &pr, &anchors);
    
    	if (pfctl_walk_anchors(dev, opts, anchor, pfctl_walk_get, &anchors))
    		errx(1,
    		    "%s failed to retrieve list of anchors, can't continue",
    		    __func__);
    
    	return (&anchors);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_call_cleartables(int dev, int opts, struct pfr_anchoritem *pfra)
    {
    	/*
    	 * PF_OPT_QUIET makes pfctl_clear_tables() to stop printing number of
    	 * tables cleared for given anchor.
    	 */
    	opts |= PF_OPT_QUIET;
    	return ((pfctl_clear_tables(pfra->pfra_anchorname, opts) == -1) ?
    	    1 : 0);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_call_clearrules(int dev, int opts, struct pfr_anchoritem *pfra)
    {
    	/*
    	 * PF_OPT_QUIET makes pfctl_clear_rules() to stop printing a 'rules
    	 * cleared' message for every anchor it deletes.
    	 */
    	opts |= PF_OPT_QUIET;
    	return (pfctl_clear_rules(dev, opts, pfra->pfra_anchorname));
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_call_clearanchors(int dev, int opts, struct pfr_anchoritem *pfra)
    {
    	int	rv = 0;
    
    	rv |= pfctl_call_cleartables(dev, opts, pfra);
    	rv |= pfctl_call_clearrules(dev, opts, pfra);
    
    	return (rv);
    }
    
    int
    pfctl_recurse(int dev, int opts, const char *anchorname,
        int(*walkf)(int, int, struct pfr_anchoritem *))
    {
    	int			 rv = 0;
    	struct pfr_anchors	*anchors;
    	struct pfr_anchoritem	*pfra, *pfra_save;
    
    	anchors = pfctl_get_anchors(dev, anchorname, opts);
    	/*
    	 * While traversing the list, pfctl_clear_*() must always return
    	 * so that failures on one anchor do not prevent clearing others.
    	 */
    	opts |= PF_OPT_IGNFAIL;
    	printf("Removing:\n");
    	SLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(pfra, anchors, pfra_sle, pfra_save) {
    		printf("  %s\n", (*pfra->pfra_anchorname == '\0') ?
    		    "/" : pfra->pfra_anchorname);
    		rv |= walkf(dev, opts, pfra);
    		SLIST_REMOVE(anchors, pfra, pfr_anchoritem, pfra_sle);
    		free(pfra->pfra_anchorname);
    		free(pfra);
    	}
    
    	return (rv);
    }
    
    const char *
    pfctl_lookup_option(char *cmd, const char **list)
    {
    	const char *item = NULL;
    
    	if (cmd != NULL && *cmd)
    		for (; *list; list++)
    			if (!strncmp(cmd, *list, strlen(cmd))) {
    				if (item == NULL)
    					item = *list;
    				else
    					errx(1, "%s is ambigious", cmd);
    			}
    
    	return (item);
    }
    
    
    void
    pfctl_state_store(int dev, const char *file)
    {
    	FILE *f;
    	struct pfioc_states ps;
    	char *inbuf = NULL, *newinbuf = NULL;
    	size_t n, len = 0;
    
    	f = fopen(file, "w");
    	if (f == NULL)
    		err(1, "open: %s", file);
    
    	memset(&ps, 0, sizeof(ps));
    	for (;;) {
    		ps.ps_len = len;
    		if (len) {
    			newinbuf = realloc(inbuf, len);
    			if (newinbuf == NULL)
    				err(1, "realloc");
    			ps.ps_buf = inbuf = newinbuf;
    		}
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCGETSTATES, &ps) == -1)
    			err(1, "DIOCGETSTATES");
    
    		if (ps.ps_len + sizeof(struct pfioc_states) < len)
    			break;
    		if (len == 0 && ps.ps_len == 0)
    			goto done;
    		if (len == 0 && ps.ps_len != 0)
    			len = ps.ps_len;
    		if (ps.ps_len == 0)
    			goto done;	/* no states */
    		len *= 2;
    	}
    
    	n = ps.ps_len / sizeof(struct pfsync_state);
    	if (fwrite(inbuf, sizeof(struct pfsync_state), n, f) < n)
    		err(1, "fwrite");
    
    done:
    	free(inbuf);
    	fclose(f);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_state_load(int dev, const char *file)
    {
    	FILE *f;
    	struct pfioc_state ps;
    
    	f = fopen(file, "r");
    	if (f == NULL)
    		err(1, "open: %s", file);
    
    	while (fread(&ps.state, sizeof(ps.state), 1, f) == 1) {
    		if (ioctl(dev, DIOCADDSTATE, &ps) == -1) {
    			switch (errno) {
    			case EEXIST:
    			case EINVAL:
    				break;
    			default:
    				err(1, "DIOCADDSTATE");
    			}
    		}
    	}
    
    	fclose(f);
    }
    
    void
    pfctl_reset(int dev, int opts)
    {
    	struct pfctl	pf;
    	struct pfr_buffer t;
    	int		i;
    
    	memset(&pf, 0, sizeof(pf));
    	pf.dev = dev;
    	pfctl_init_options(&pf);
    
    	/* Force reset upon pfctl_load_options() */
    	pf.debug_set = 1;
    	pf.reass_set = 1;
    	pf.syncookieswat_set = 1;
    	pf.syncookies_set = 1;
    	pf.ifname = strdup("none");
    	if (pf.ifname == NULL)
    		err(1, "%s: strdup", __func__);
    	pf.ifname_set = 1;
    
    	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
    	t.pfrb_type = PFRB_TRANS;
    	if (pfctl_trans(dev, &t, DIOCXBEGIN, 0))
    		err(1, "%s: DIOCXBEGIN", __func__);
    
    	for (i = 0; pf_limits[i].name; i++)
    		pf.limit_set[pf_limits[i].index] = 1;
    
    	for (i = 0; pf_timeouts[i].name; i++)
    		pf.timeout_set[pf_timeouts[i].timeout] = 1;
    
    	pfctl_load_options(&pf);
    
    	if (pfctl_trans(dev, &t, DIOCXCOMMIT, 0))
    		err(1, "%s: DIOCXCOMMIT", __func__);
    
    	pfctl_clear_interface_flags(dev, opts);
    }
    
    #ifndef	REGRESS_NOMAIN
    int
    main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    	int	 ch;
    	int	 mode = O_RDONLY;
    	int	 opts = 0;
    	int	 optimize = PF_OPTIMIZE_BASIC;
    	int	 level;
    	int	 rdomain = 0;
    	char	 anchorname[PATH_MAX];
    	int	 anchor_wildcard = 0;
    	char	*path;
    	char	*lfile = NULL, *sfile = NULL;
    	const char *errstr;
    	long	 shownr = -1;
    
    	if (argc < 2)
    		usage();
    
    	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
    	    "a:dD:eqf:F:ghi:k:K:L:Nno:Pp:R:rS:s:t:T:vV:x:z")) != -1) {
    		switch (ch) {
    		case 'a':
    			anchoropt = optarg;
    			break;
    		case 'd':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_DISABLE;
    			mode = O_RDWR;
    			break;
    		case 'D':
    			if (pfctl_cmdline_symset(optarg) < 0)
    				warnx("could not parse macro definition %s",
    				    optarg);
    			break;
    		case 'e':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_ENABLE;
    			mode = O_RDWR;
    			break;
    		case 'q':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_QUIET;
    			break;
    		case 'F':
    			clearopt = pfctl_lookup_option(optarg, clearopt_list);
    			if (clearopt == NULL) {
    				warnx("Unknown flush modifier '%s'", optarg);
    				usage();
    			}
    			mode = O_RDWR;
    			break;
    		case 'i':
    			ifaceopt = optarg;
    			break;
    		case 'k':
    			if (state_killers >= 2) {
    				warnx("can only specify -k twice");
    				usage();
    				/* NOTREACHED */
    			}
    			state_kill[state_killers++] = optarg;
    			mode = O_RDWR;
    			break;
    		case 'K':
    			if (src_node_killers >= 2) {
    				warnx("can only specify -K twice");
    				usage();
    				/* NOTREACHED */
    			}
    			src_node_kill[src_node_killers++] = optarg;
    			mode = O_RDWR;
    			break;
    		case 'N':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_NODNS;
    			break;
    		case 'n':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_NOACTION;
    			break;
    		case 'r':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_USEDNS;
    			break;
    		case 'R':
    			shownr = strtonum(optarg, -1, LONG_MAX, &errstr);
    			if (errstr) {
    				warnx("invalid rule id: %s", errstr);
    				usage();
    			}
    			break;
    		case 'f':
    			rulesopt = optarg;
    			mode = O_RDWR;
    			break;
    		case 'g':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_DEBUG;
    			break;
    		case 'o':
    			optiopt = pfctl_lookup_option(optarg, optiopt_list);
    			if (optiopt == NULL) {
    				warnx("Unknown optimization '%s'", optarg);
    				usage();
    			}
    			opts |= PF_OPT_OPTIMIZE;
    			break;
    		case 'P':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_PORTNAMES;
    			break;
    		case 'p':
    			pf_device = optarg;
    			break;
    		case 's':
    			showopt = pfctl_lookup_option(optarg, showopt_list);
    			if (showopt == NULL) {
    				warnx("Unknown show modifier '%s'", optarg);
    				usage();
    			}
    			break;
    		case 't':
    			tableopt = optarg;
    			break;
    		case 'T':
    			tblcmdopt = pfctl_lookup_option(optarg, tblcmdopt_list);
    			if (tblcmdopt == NULL) {
    				warnx("Unknown table command '%s'", optarg);
    				usage();
    			}
    			break;
    		case 'v':
    			if (opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
    				opts |= PF_OPT_VERBOSE2;
    			opts |= PF_OPT_VERBOSE;
    			break;
    		case 'V':
    			rdomain = strtonum(optarg, 0, RT_TABLEID_MAX, &errstr);
    			if (errstr) {
    				warnx("Invalid rdomain: %s", errstr);
    				usage();
    			}
    			break;
    		case 'x':
    			debugopt = pfctl_lookup_option(optarg, debugopt_list);
    			if (debugopt == NULL) {
    				warnx("Unknown debug level '%s'", optarg);
    				usage();
    			}
    			mode = O_RDWR;
    			break;
    		case 'z':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_CLRRULECTRS;
    			mode = O_RDWR;
    			break;
    		case 'S':
    			sfile = optarg;
    			break;
    		case 'L':
    			mode = O_RDWR;
    			lfile = optarg;
    			break;
    		case 'h':
    			/* FALLTHROUGH */
    		default:
    			usage();
    			/* NOTREACHED */
    		}
    	}
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_NODNS) && (opts & PF_OPT_USEDNS))
    		errx(1, "-N and -r are mutually exclusive");
    
    	if ((tblcmdopt == NULL) ^ (tableopt == NULL))
    		usage();
    
    	if (tblcmdopt != NULL) {
    		argc -= optind;
    		argv += optind;
    		ch = *tblcmdopt;
    		mode = strchr("st", ch) ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR;
    	} else if (argc != optind) {
    		warnx("unknown command line argument: %s ...", argv[optind]);
    		usage();
    		/* NOTREACHED */
    	}
    
    	memset(anchorname, 0, sizeof(anchorname));
    	if (anchoropt != NULL) {
    		if (anchoropt[0] == '\0')
    			errx(1, "anchor name must not be empty");
    		if (mode == O_RDONLY && showopt == NULL && tblcmdopt == NULL) {
    			warnx("anchors apply to -f, -F, -s, and -T only");
    			usage();
    		}
    		if (mode == O_RDWR && tblcmdopt == NULL &&
    		    (anchoropt[0] == '_' || strstr(anchoropt, "/_") != NULL))
    			errx(1, "anchor names beginning with '_' cannot "
    			    "be modified from the command line");
    		int len = strlen(anchoropt);
    
    		if (anchoropt[len - 1] == '*') {
    			if (len >= 2 && anchoropt[len - 2] == '/') {
    				anchoropt[len - 2] = '\0';
    				anchor_wildcard = 1;
    			} else
    				anchoropt[len - 1] = '\0';
    			opts |= PF_OPT_RECURSE;
    		}
    		if (strlcpy(anchorname, anchoropt,
    		    sizeof(anchorname)) >= sizeof(anchorname))
    			errx(1, "anchor name '%s' too long",
    			    anchoropt);
    	}
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0) {
    		dev = open(pf_device, mode);
    		if (dev == -1)
    			err(1, "%s", pf_device);
    	} else {
    		dev = open(pf_device, O_RDONLY);
    		if (dev >= 0)
    			opts |= PF_OPT_DUMMYACTION;
    		/* turn off options */
    		opts &= ~ (PF_OPT_DISABLE | PF_OPT_ENABLE);
    		clearopt = showopt = debugopt = NULL;
    	}
    
    	if (opts & PF_OPT_DISABLE)
    		if (pfctl_disable(dev, opts))
    			exit_val = 1;
    
    	if ((path = calloc(1, PATH_MAX)) == NULL)
    		errx(1, "%s: calloc", __func__);
    
    	if (showopt != NULL) {
    		switch (*showopt) {
    		case 'A':
    			pfctl_show_anchors(dev, opts, anchorname);
    			break;
    		case 'r':
    			pfctl_load_fingerprints(dev, opts);
    			pfctl_show_rules(dev, path, opts, PFCTL_SHOW_RULES,
    			    anchorname, 0, anchor_wildcard, shownr);
    			break;
    		case 'l':
    			pfctl_load_fingerprints(dev, opts);
    			pfctl_show_rules(dev, path, opts, PFCTL_SHOW_LABELS,
    			    anchorname, 0, anchor_wildcard, shownr);
    			break;
    		case 'q':
    			pfctl_show_queues(dev, ifaceopt, opts,
    			    opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE2);
    			break;
    		case 's':
    			pfctl_show_states(dev, ifaceopt, opts, shownr);
    			break;
    		case 'S':
    			pfctl_show_src_nodes(dev, opts);
    			break;
    		case 'i':
    			pfctl_show_status(dev, opts);
    			break;
    		case 't':
    			pfctl_show_timeouts(dev, opts);
    			break;
    		case 'm':
    			pfctl_show_limits(dev, opts);
    			break;
    		case 'a':
    			opts |= PF_OPT_SHOWALL;
    			pfctl_load_fingerprints(dev, opts);
    
    			pfctl_show_rules(dev, path, opts, PFCTL_SHOW_RULES,
    			    anchorname, 0, 0, -1);
    			pfctl_show_queues(dev, ifaceopt, opts,
    			    opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE2);
    			pfctl_show_states(dev, ifaceopt, opts, -1);
    			pfctl_show_src_nodes(dev, opts);
    			pfctl_show_status(dev, opts);
    			pfctl_show_rules(dev, path, opts, PFCTL_SHOW_LABELS,
    			    anchorname, 0, 0, -1);
    			pfctl_show_timeouts(dev, opts);
    			pfctl_show_limits(dev, opts);
    			pfctl_show_tables(anchorname, opts);
    			pfctl_show_fingerprints(opts);
    			break;
    		case 'T':
    			pfctl_show_tables(anchorname, opts);
    			break;
    		case 'o':
    			pfctl_load_fingerprints(dev, opts);
    			pfctl_show_fingerprints(opts);
    			break;
    		case 'I':
    			pfctl_show_ifaces(ifaceopt, opts);
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    
    	if ((opts & PF_OPT_CLRRULECTRS) && showopt == NULL)
    		pfctl_show_rules(dev, path, opts, PFCTL_SHOW_NOTHING,
    		    anchorname, 0, 0, -1);
    
    	if (clearopt != NULL) {
    		switch (*clearopt) {
    		case 'r':
    			if (opts & PF_OPT_RECURSE)
    				pfctl_recurse(dev, opts, anchorname,
    				    pfctl_call_clearrules);
    			else
    				pfctl_clear_rules(dev, opts, anchorname);
    			break;
    		case 's':
    			pfctl_clear_states(dev, ifaceopt, opts);
    			break;
    		case 'S':
    			pfctl_clear_src_nodes(dev, opts);
    			break;
    		case 'i':
    			pfctl_clear_stats(dev, ifaceopt, opts);
    			break;
    		case 'a':
    			if (ifaceopt) {
    				warnx("don't specify an interface with -Fall");
    				usage();
    				/* NOTREACHED */
    			}
    			if (opts & PF_OPT_RECURSE)
    				pfctl_recurse(dev, opts, anchorname,
    				    pfctl_call_clearanchors);
    			else {
    				pfctl_clear_tables(anchorname, opts);
    				pfctl_clear_rules(dev, opts, anchorname);
    			}
    
    			if (!*anchorname) {
    				pfctl_clear_states(dev, ifaceopt, opts);
    				pfctl_clear_src_nodes(dev, opts);
    				pfctl_clear_stats(dev, ifaceopt, opts);
    				pfctl_clear_fingerprints(dev, opts);
    				pfctl_reset(dev, opts);
    			}
    			break;
    		case 'o':
    			pfctl_clear_fingerprints(dev, opts);
    			break;
    		case 'T':
    			if ((opts & PF_OPT_RECURSE) == 0)
    				pfctl_clear_tables(anchorname, opts);
    			else
    				pfctl_recurse(dev, opts, anchorname,
    				    pfctl_call_cleartables);
    			break;
    		case 'R':
    			pfctl_reset(dev, opts);
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    	if (state_killers) {
    		if (!strcmp(state_kill[0], "label"))
    			pfctl_label_kill_states(dev, ifaceopt, opts, rdomain);
    		else if (!strcmp(state_kill[0], "id"))
    			pfctl_id_kill_states(dev, opts);
    		else if (!strcmp(state_kill[0], "key"))
    			pfctl_key_kill_states(dev, ifaceopt, opts, rdomain);
    		else
    			pfctl_net_kill_states(dev, ifaceopt, opts, rdomain);
    	}
    
    	if (src_node_killers)
    		pfctl_kill_src_nodes(dev, opts);
    
    	if (tblcmdopt != NULL) {
    		exit_val = pfctl_table(argc, argv, tableopt,
    		    tblcmdopt, rulesopt, anchorname, opts);
    		rulesopt = NULL;
    	}
    	if (optiopt != NULL) {
    		switch (*optiopt) {
    		case 'n':
    			optimize = 0;
    			break;
    		case 'b':
    			optimize |= PF_OPTIMIZE_BASIC;
    			break;
    		case 'o':
    		case 'p':
    			optimize |= PF_OPTIMIZE_PROFILE;
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (rulesopt != NULL && !anchorname[0]) {
    		pfctl_clear_interface_flags(dev, opts | PF_OPT_QUIET);
    		if (pfctl_file_fingerprints(dev, opts, PF_OSFP_FILE))
    			exit_val = 1;
    	}
    
    	if (rulesopt != NULL) {
    		if (pfctl_rules(dev, rulesopt, opts, optimize,
    		    anchorname, NULL))
    			exit_val = 1;
    	}
    
    	if (opts & PF_OPT_ENABLE)
    		if (pfctl_enable(dev, opts))
    			exit_val = 1;
    
    	if (debugopt != NULL) {
    		if ((level = string_to_loglevel((char *)debugopt)) < 0) {
    			switch (*debugopt) {
    			case 'n':
    				level = LOG_CRIT;
    				break;
    			case 'u':
    				level = LOG_ERR;
    				break;
    			case 'm':
    				level = LOG_NOTICE;
    				break;
    			case 'l':
    				level = LOG_DEBUG;
    				break;
    			}
    		}
    		if (level >= 0)
    			pfctl_debug(dev, level, opts);
    	}
    
    	if (sfile != NULL)
    		pfctl_state_store(dev, sfile);
    	if (lfile != NULL)
    		pfctl_state_load(dev, lfile);
    
    	exit(exit_val);
    }
    #endif	/* REGRESS_NOMAIN */
    
    char *
    pf_strerror(int errnum)
    {
    	switch (errnum) {
    	case ESRCH:
    		return "Table does not exist";
    	case EINVAL:
    	case ENOENT:
    		return "Anchor does not exist";
    	default:
    		return strerror(errnum);
    	}
    }