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IABSD.fr/src/usr.sbin/pppd/main.c

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  • Author : krw
    Date : 2016-03-17 19:40:43
    Hash : 53408464
    Message : Last parameter to execl[e]() functions *must* be cast to a pointer. Just NULL is not good practise as NULL is theoretically allowed to be an integer rather than a pointer. Use (char *)NULL consistently instead of scattering a few (char *)0 and (void *)NULL into the mix. Prompted by and probably ok deraadt@ millert@ kettenis@ Definitely ok mestre@ ratchov@

  • usr.sbin/pppd/main.c
  • /*	$OpenBSD: main.c,v 1.54 2016/03/17 19:40:43 krw Exp $	*/
    
    /*
     * main.c - Point-to-Point Protocol main module
     *
     * Copyright (c) 1984-2000 Carnegie Mellon University. All rights reserved.
     *
     * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     * are met:
     *
     * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     *
     * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
     *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
     *    distribution.
     *
     * 3. The name "Carnegie Mellon University" must not be used to
     *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
     *    prior written permission. For permission or any legal
     *    details, please contact
     *      Office of Technology Transfer
     *      Carnegie Mellon University
     *      5000 Forbes Avenue
     *      Pittsburgh, PA  15213-3890
     *      (412) 268-4387, fax: (412) 268-7395
     *      tech-transfer@andrew.cmu.edu
     *
     * 4. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
     *    acknowledgment:
     *    "This product includes software developed by Computing Services
     *     at Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/computing/)."
     *
     * CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
     * THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
     * AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY BE LIABLE
     * FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
     * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN
     * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
     * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
     */
    
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/wait.h>
    #include <sys/time.h>
    #include <sys/resource.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #include <net/if.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <ctype.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <limits.h>
    #include <signal.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include <fcntl.h>
    #include <syslog.h>
    #include <netdb.h>
    #include <utmp.h>
    #include <pwd.h>
    
    #include "pppd.h"
    #include "magic.h"
    #include "fsm.h"
    #include "lcp.h"
    #include "ipcp.h"
    #include "upap.h"
    #include "chap.h"
    #include "ccp.h"
    #include "pathnames.h"
    #include "patchlevel.h"
    
    #ifdef CBCP_SUPPORT
    #include "cbcp.h"
    #endif
    
    #if defined(SUNOS4)
    extern char *strerror();
    #endif
    
    #ifdef AT_CHANGE
    #include "atcp.h"
    #endif
    
    /* interface vars */
    char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];		/* Interface name */
    int ifunit;			/* Interface unit number */
    
    char hostname[HOST_NAME_MAX+1];	/* Our hostname */
    static char default_devnam[PATH_MAX];	/* name of default device */
    static pid_t pid;		/* Our pid */
    static uid_t uid;		/* Our real user-id */
    static int conn_running;	/* we have a [dis]connector running */
    static int crashed = 0;
    
    int ttyfd = -1;			/* Serial port file descriptor */
    mode_t tty_mode = -1;		/* Original access permissions to tty */
    int baud_rate;			/* Actual bits/second for serial device */
    int hungup;			/* terminal has been hung up */
    int privileged;			/* we're running as real uid root */
    int need_holdoff;		/* need holdoff period before restarting */
    int detached;			/* have detached from terminal */
    
    int phase;			/* where the link is at */
    int kill_link;
    int open_ccp_flag;
    
    char **script_env;		/* Env. variable values for scripts */
    int s_env_nalloc;		/* # words avail at script_env */
    
    u_char outpacket_buf[PPP_MRU+PPP_HDRLEN]; /* buffer for outgoing packet */
    u_char inpacket_buf[PPP_MRU+PPP_HDRLEN]; /* buffer for incoming packet */
    
    static int n_children;		/* # child processes still running */
    
    static int locked;		/* lock() has succeeded */
    
    char *no_ppp_msg = "Sorry - this system lacks PPP kernel support\n";
    
    /* Prototypes for procedures local to this file. */
    
    static void cleanup(void);
    static void close_tty(void);
    static void get_input(void);
    static void calltimeout(void);
    static struct timeval *timeleft(struct timeval *);
    static void kill_my_pg(int);
    static void hup(int);
    static void term(int);
    static void chld(int);
    static void toggle_debug(int);
    static void open_ccp(int);
    static void bad_signal(int);
    static void holdoff_end(void *);
    static int device_script(char *, int, int);
    static void reap_kids(void);
    static void pr_log(void *, char *, ...);
    
    extern	char	*ttyname(int);
    extern	char	*getlogin(void);
    int main(int, char *[]);
    
    #ifdef ultrix
    #undef	O_NONBLOCK
    #define	O_NONBLOCK	O_NDELAY
    #endif
    
    #ifdef ULTRIX
    #define setlogmask(x)
    #endif
    
    /*
     * PPP Data Link Layer "protocol" table.
     * One entry per supported protocol.
     * The last entry must be NULL.
     */
    struct protent *protocols[] = {
        &lcp_protent,
        &pap_protent,
        &chap_protent,
    #ifdef CBCP_SUPPORT
        &cbcp_protent,
    #endif
        &ipcp_protent,
        &ccp_protent,
    #ifdef AT_CHANGE
        &atcp_protent,
    #endif
        NULL
    };
    
    int
    main(argc, argv)
        int argc;
        char *argv[];
    {
        int i, fdflags;
        struct sigaction sa;
        char *p;
        struct passwd *pw;
        struct timeval timo;
        sigset_t mask;
        struct protent *protp;
        struct stat statbuf;
        char numbuf[16];
    
        phase = PHASE_INITIALIZE;
        p = ttyname(0);
        if (p)
    	strlcpy(devnam, p, PATH_MAX);
        strlcpy(default_devnam, devnam, sizeof default_devnam);
    
        script_env = NULL;
    
        /* Initialize syslog facilities */
    #ifdef ULTRIX
        openlog("pppd", LOG_PID);
    #else
        openlog("pppd", LOG_PID | LOG_NDELAY, LOG_PPP);
        setlogmask(LOG_UPTO(LOG_INFO));
    #endif
    
        if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof hostname) < 0 ) {
    	option_error("Couldn't get hostname: %m");
    	die(1);
        }
    
        uid = getuid();
        privileged = uid == 0;
        snprintf(numbuf, sizeof numbuf, "%u", uid);
        script_setenv("UID", numbuf);
    
        /*
         * Initialize to the standard option set, then parse, in order,
         * the system options file, the user's options file,
         * the tty's options file, and the command line arguments.
         */
        for (i = 0; (protp = protocols[i]) != NULL; ++i)
    	(*protp->init)(0);
    
        if (!options_from_file(_PATH_SYSOPTIONS, !privileged, 0, 1)
    	|| !options_from_user())
    	exit(1);
        scan_args(argc-1, argv+1);	/* look for tty name on command line */
        if (!options_for_tty()
    	|| !parse_args(argc-1, argv+1))
    	exit(1);
    
        /*
         * Check that we are running as root.
         */
        if (geteuid() != 0) {
    	option_error("must be root to run %s, since it is not setuid-root",
    		     argv[0]);
    	die(1);
        }
    
        if (!ppp_available()) {
    	option_error(no_ppp_msg);
    	exit(1);
        }
    
        /*
         * Check that the options given are valid and consistent.
         */
        sys_check_options();
        auth_check_options();
        for (i = 0; (protp = protocols[i]) != NULL; ++i)
    	if (protp->check_options != NULL)
    	    (*protp->check_options)();
        if (demand && connector == 0) {
    	option_error("connect script required for demand-dialling\n");
    	exit(1);
        }
    
        script_setenv("DEVICE", devnam);
        snprintf(numbuf, sizeof numbuf, "%d", baud_rate);
        script_setenv("SPEED", numbuf);
    
        /*
         * If the user has specified the default device name explicitly,
         * pretend they hadn't.
         */
        if (!default_device && strcmp(devnam, default_devnam) == 0)
    	default_device = 1;
        if (default_device)
    	nodetach = 1;
    
        /*
         * Initialize system-dependent stuff and magic number package.
         */
        sys_init();
        magic_init();
        if (debug)
    	setlogmask(LOG_UPTO(LOG_DEBUG));
    
        /*
         * Detach ourselves from the terminal, if required,
         * and identify who is running us.
         */
        if (nodetach == 0)
    	detach();
        pid = getpid();
        p = getlogin();
        if (p == NULL) {
    	pw = getpwuid(uid);
    	if (pw != NULL && pw->pw_name != NULL)
    	    p = pw->pw_name;
    	else
    	    p = "(unknown)";
        }
        syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "pppd %s.%d%s started by %s, uid %u",
    	   VERSION, PATCHLEVEL, IMPLEMENTATION, p, uid);
    
        /*
         * Compute mask of all interesting signals and install signal handlers
         * for each.  Only one signal handler may be active at a time.  Therefore,
         * all other signals should be masked when any handler is executing.
         */
        sigemptyset(&mask);
        sigaddset(&mask, SIGHUP);
        sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT);
        sigaddset(&mask, SIGTERM);
        sigaddset(&mask, SIGCHLD);
    
    #define SIGNAL(s, handler)	{ \
    	sa.sa_handler = handler; \
    	if (sigaction(s, &sa, NULL) < 0) { \
    	    syslog(LOG_ERR, "Couldn't establish signal handler (%d): %m", s); \
    	    die(1); \
    	} \
        }
    
        sa.sa_mask = mask;
        sa.sa_flags = 0;
        SIGNAL(SIGHUP, hup);		/* Hangup */
        SIGNAL(SIGINT, term);		/* Interrupt */
        SIGNAL(SIGTERM, term);		/* Terminate */
        SIGNAL(SIGCHLD, chld);
    
        SIGNAL(SIGUSR1, toggle_debug);	/* Toggle debug flag */
        SIGNAL(SIGUSR2, open_ccp);		/* Reopen CCP */
    
        /*
         * Install a handler for other signals which would otherwise
         * cause pppd to exit without cleaning up.
         */
        SIGNAL(SIGABRT, bad_signal);
        SIGNAL(SIGALRM, bad_signal);
        SIGNAL(SIGFPE, bad_signal);
        SIGNAL(SIGILL, bad_signal);
        SIGNAL(SIGPIPE, bad_signal);
        SIGNAL(SIGQUIT, bad_signal);
    #if SIGSEGV_CHECK
        SIGNAL(SIGSEGV, bad_signal);
    #endif
    #ifdef SIGBUS
        SIGNAL(SIGBUS, bad_signal);
    #endif
    #ifdef SIGEMT
        SIGNAL(SIGEMT, bad_signal);
    #endif
    #ifdef SIGPOLL
        SIGNAL(SIGPOLL, bad_signal);
    #endif
    #ifdef SIGPROF
        SIGNAL(SIGPROF, bad_signal);
    #endif
    #ifdef SIGSYS
        SIGNAL(SIGSYS, bad_signal);
    #endif
    #ifdef SIGTRAP
        SIGNAL(SIGTRAP, bad_signal);
    #endif
    #ifdef SIGVTALRM
        SIGNAL(SIGVTALRM, bad_signal);
    #endif
    #ifdef SIGXCPU
        SIGNAL(SIGXCPU, bad_signal);
    #endif
    #ifdef SIGXFSZ
        SIGNAL(SIGXFSZ, bad_signal);
    #endif
    
        /*
         * Apparently we can get a SIGPIPE when we call syslog, if
         * syslogd has died and been restarted.  Ignoring it seems
         * be sufficient.
         */
        signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
    
        /*
         * If we're doing dial-on-demand, set up the interface now.
         */
        if (demand) {
    	/*
    	 * Open the loopback channel and set it up to be the ppp interface.
    	 */
    	open_ppp_loopback();
    
    	syslog(LOG_INFO, "Using interface ppp%d", ifunit);
    	(void) snprintf(ifname, sizeof ifname, "ppp%d", ifunit);
    	script_setenv("IFNAME", ifname);
    
    	/*
    	 * Configure the interface and mark it up, etc.
    	 */
    	demand_conf();
        }
    
        for (;;) {
    
    	need_holdoff = 1;
    
    	if (demand) {
    	    /*
    	     * Don't do anything until we see some activity.
    	     */
    	    phase = PHASE_DORMANT;
    	    kill_link = 0;
    	    demand_unblock();
    	    for (;;) {
    		wait_loop_output(timeleft(&timo));
    		calltimeout();
    		if (kill_link) {
    		    if (!persist)
    			die(0);
    		    kill_link = 0;
    		}
    		if (get_loop_output())
    		    break;
    		reap_kids();
    	    }
    
    	    /*
    	     * Now we want to bring up the link.
    	     */
    	    demand_drop();
    	    syslog(LOG_INFO, "Starting link");
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Lock the device if we've been asked to.
    	 */
    	if (lockflag && !default_device) {
    	    if (lock(devnam) < 0)
    		goto fail;
    	    locked = 1;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Open the serial device and set it up to be the ppp interface.
    	 * First we open it in non-blocking mode so we can set the
    	 * various termios flags appropriately.  If we aren't dialling
    	 * out and we want to use the modem lines, we reopen it later
    	 * in order to wait for the carrier detect signal from the modem.
    	 */
    	while ((ttyfd = open(devnam, O_NONBLOCK | O_RDWR, 0)) < 0) {
    	    if (errno != EINTR)
    		syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to open %s: %m", devnam);
    	    if (!persist || errno != EINTR)
    		goto fail;
    	}
    	if ((fdflags = fcntl(ttyfd, F_GETFL)) == -1
    	    || fcntl(ttyfd, F_SETFL, fdflags & ~O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
    	    syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    		   "Couldn't reset non-blocking mode on device: %m");
    
    	hungup = 0;
    	kill_link = 0;
    
    	/*
    	 * Do the equivalent of `mesg n' to stop broadcast messages.
    	 */
    	if (fstat(ttyfd, &statbuf) < 0
    	    || fchmod(ttyfd, statbuf.st_mode & ~(S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH)) < 0) {
    	    syslog(LOG_WARNING,
    		   "Couldn't restrict write permissions to %s: %m", devnam);
    	} else
    	    tty_mode = statbuf.st_mode;
    
    	/* run connection script */
    	if (connector && connector[0]) {
    	    MAINDEBUG((LOG_INFO, "Connecting with <%s>", connector));
    
    	    /*
    	     * Set line speed, flow control, etc.
    	     * On most systems we set CLOCAL for now so that we can talk
    	     * to the modem before carrier comes up.  But this has the
    	     * side effect that we might miss it if CD drops before we
    	     * get to clear CLOCAL below.  On systems where we can talk
    	     * successfully to the modem with CLOCAL clear and CD down,
    	     * we can clear CLOCAL at this point.
    	     */
    	    set_up_tty(ttyfd, (modem_chat == 0));
    
    	    /* drop dtr to hang up in case modem is off hook */
    	    if (!default_device && modem) {
    		setdtr(ttyfd, FALSE);
    		sleep(1);
    		setdtr(ttyfd, TRUE);
    	    }
    
    	    if (device_script(connector, ttyfd, ttyfd) < 0) {
    		syslog(LOG_ERR, "Connect script failed");
    		setdtr(ttyfd, FALSE);
    		goto fail;
    	    }
    
    	    syslog(LOG_INFO, "Serial connection established.");
    	    sleep(1);		/* give it time to set up its terminal */
    	}
    
    	set_up_tty(ttyfd, 0);
    
    	/* reopen tty if necessary to wait for carrier */
    	if (connector == NULL && modem) {
    	    while ((i = open(devnam, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
    		if (errno != EINTR)
    		    syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to reopen %s: %m", devnam);
    		if (!persist || errno != EINTR || hungup || kill_link)
    		    goto fail;
    	    }
    	    close(i);
    	}
    
    	/* run welcome script, if any */
    	if (welcomer && welcomer[0]) {
    	    if (device_script(welcomer, ttyfd, ttyfd) < 0)
    		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "Welcome script failed");
    	}
    
    	/* set up the serial device as a ppp interface */
    	establish_ppp(ttyfd);
    
    	if (!demand) {
    
    	    syslog(LOG_INFO, "Using interface ppp%d", ifunit);
    	    (void) snprintf(ifname, sizeof ifname, "ppp%d", ifunit);
    	    script_setenv("IFNAME", ifname);
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Start opening the connection and wait for
    	 * incoming events (reply, timeout, etc.).
    	 */
    	syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "Connect: %s <--> %s", ifname, devnam);
    	lcp_lowerup(0);
    	lcp_open(0);		/* Start protocol */
    	for (phase = PHASE_ESTABLISH; phase != PHASE_DEAD; ) {
    	    wait_input(timeleft(&timo));
    	    calltimeout();
    	    get_input();
    	    if (kill_link) {
    		lcp_close(0, "User request");
    		kill_link = 0;
    	    }
    	    if (open_ccp_flag) {
    		if (phase == PHASE_NETWORK) {
    		    ccp_fsm[0].flags = OPT_RESTART; /* clears OPT_SILENT */
    		    (*ccp_protent.open)(0);
    		}
    		open_ccp_flag = 0;
    	    }
    	    reap_kids();	/* Don't leave dead kids lying around */
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * If we may want to bring the link up again, transfer
    	 * the ppp unit back to the loopback.  Set the
    	 * real serial device back to its normal mode of operation.
    	 */
    	clean_check();
    	if (demand)
    	    restore_loop();
    	disestablish_ppp(ttyfd);
    
    	/*
    	 * Run disconnector script, if requested.
    	 * XXX we may not be able to do this if the line has hung up!
    	 */
    	if (disconnector && !hungup) {
    	    set_up_tty(ttyfd, 1);
    	    if (device_script(disconnector, ttyfd, ttyfd) < 0) {
    		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "disconnect script failed");
    	    } else {
    		syslog(LOG_INFO, "Serial link disconnected.");
    	    }
    	}
    
        fail:
    	if (ttyfd >= 0)
    	    close_tty();
    	if (locked) {
    	    unlock();
    	    locked = 0;
    	}
    
    	if (!persist)
    	    die(1);
    
    	if (holdoff > 0 && need_holdoff) {
    	    phase = PHASE_HOLDOFF;
    	    TIMEOUT(holdoff_end, NULL, holdoff);
    	    do {
    		wait_time(timeleft(&timo));
    		calltimeout();
    		if (kill_link) {
    		    if (!persist)
    			die(0);
    		    kill_link = 0;
    		    phase = PHASE_DORMANT; /* allow signal to end holdoff */
    		}
    		reap_kids();
    	    } while (phase == PHASE_HOLDOFF);
    	}
        }
    
        die(0);
        return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * detach - detach us from the controlling terminal.
     */
    void
    detach()
    {
        if (detached)
    	return;
        if (daemon(0, 0) < 0) {
    	perror("Couldn't detach from controlling terminal");
    	die(1);
        }
        detached = 1;
        pid = getpid();
    }
    
    /*
     * holdoff_end - called via a timeout when the holdoff period ends.
     */
    static void
    holdoff_end(arg)
        void *arg;
    {
        phase = PHASE_DORMANT;
    }
    
    /*
     * get_input - called when incoming data is available.
     */
    static void
    get_input()
    {
        int len, i;
        u_char *p;
        u_short protocol;
        struct protent *protp;
    
        p = inpacket_buf;	/* point to beginning of packet buffer */
    
        len = read_packet(inpacket_buf);
        if (len < 0)
    	return;
    
        if (len == 0) {
    	syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "Modem hangup");
    	hungup = 1;
    	lcp_lowerdown(0);	/* serial link is no longer available */
    	link_terminated(0);
    	return;
        }
    
        if (debug /*&& (debugflags & DBG_INPACKET)*/)
    	log_packet(p, len, "rcvd ", LOG_DEBUG);
    
        if (len < PPP_HDRLEN) {
    	MAINDEBUG((LOG_INFO, "io(): Received short packet."));
    	return;
        }
    
        p += 2;				/* Skip address and control */
        GETSHORT(protocol, p);
        len -= PPP_HDRLEN;
    
        /*
         * Toss all non-LCP packets unless LCP is OPEN.
         */
        if (protocol != PPP_LCP && lcp_fsm[0].state != OPENED) {
    	MAINDEBUG((LOG_INFO,
    		   "get_input: Received non-LCP packet when LCP not open."));
    	return;
        }
    
        /*
         * Until we get past the authentication phase, toss all packets
         * except LCP, LQR and authentication packets.
         */
        if (phase <= PHASE_AUTHENTICATE
    	&& !(protocol == PPP_LCP || protocol == PPP_LQR
    	|| protocol == PPP_PAP || protocol == PPP_CHAP)) {
    	MAINDEBUG((LOG_INFO, "get_input: discarding proto 0x%x in phase %d",
    		   protocol, phase));
    	return;
        }
    
        /*
         * Upcall the proper protocol input routine.
         */
        for (i = 0; (protp = protocols[i]) != NULL; ++i) {
    	if (protp->protocol == protocol && protp->enabled_flag) {
    	    (*protp->input)(0, p, len);
    	    return;
    	}
    	if (protocol == (protp->protocol & ~0x8000) && protp->enabled_flag
    	    && protp->datainput != NULL) {
    	    (*protp->datainput)(0, p, len);
    	    return;
    	}
        }
    
        if (debug)
        	syslog(LOG_WARNING, "Unsupported protocol (0x%x) received", protocol);
        lcp_sprotrej(0, p - PPP_HDRLEN, len + PPP_HDRLEN);
    }
    
    
    /*
     * quit - Clean up state and exit (with an error indication).
     */
    void
    quit()
    {
        die(1);
    }
    
    /*
     * die - like quit, except we can specify an exit status.
     */
    void
    die(status)
        int status;
    {
        struct syslog_data sdata = SYSLOG_DATA_INIT;
    
        cleanup();
        syslog_r(LOG_INFO, &sdata, "Exit.");
        _exit(status);
    }
    
    /*
     * cleanup - restore anything which needs to be restored before we exit
     */
    /* ARGSUSED */
    static void
    cleanup()
    {
        sys_cleanup();
    
        if (ttyfd >= 0)
    	close_tty();
    
        if (locked)
    	unlock();
    }
    
    /*
     * close_tty - restore the terminal device and close it.
     */
    static void
    close_tty()
    {
        disestablish_ppp(ttyfd);
    
        /* drop dtr to hang up */
        if (modem) {
    	setdtr(ttyfd, FALSE);
    	/*
    	 * This sleep is in case the serial port has CLOCAL set by default,
    	 * and consequently will reassert DTR when we close the device.
    	 */
    	sleep(1);
        }
    
        restore_tty(ttyfd);
    
        if (tty_mode != (mode_t) -1)
    	fchmod(ttyfd, tty_mode);
    
        close(ttyfd);
        ttyfd = -1;
    }
    
    
    struct	callout {
        struct timeval	c_time;		/* time at which to call routine */
        void		*c_arg;		/* argument to routine */
        void		(*c_func)(void *); /* routine */
        struct		callout *c_next;
    };
    
    static struct callout *callout = NULL;	/* Callout list */
    static struct timeval timenow;		/* Current time */
    
    /*
     * timeout - Schedule a timeout.
     *
     * Note that this timeout takes the number of seconds, NOT hz (as in
     * the kernel).
     */
    void
    timeout(func, arg, time)
        void (*func)(void *);
        void *arg;
        int time;
    {
        struct callout *newp, *p, **pp;
    
        MAINDEBUG((LOG_DEBUG, "Timeout %lx:%lx in %d seconds.",
    	       (long) func, (long) arg, time));
    
        /*
         * Allocate timeout.
         */
        if ((newp = (struct callout *) malloc(sizeof(struct callout))) == NULL) {
    	syslog(LOG_ERR, "Out of memory in timeout()!");
    	die(1);
        }
        newp->c_arg = arg;
        newp->c_func = func;
        gettimeofday(&timenow, NULL);
        newp->c_time.tv_sec = timenow.tv_sec + time;
        newp->c_time.tv_usec = timenow.tv_usec;
    
        /*
         * Find correct place and link it in.
         */
        for (pp = &callout; (p = *pp); pp = &p->c_next)
    	if (newp->c_time.tv_sec < p->c_time.tv_sec
    	    || (newp->c_time.tv_sec == p->c_time.tv_sec
    		&& newp->c_time.tv_usec < p->c_time.tv_sec))
    	    break;
        newp->c_next = p;
        *pp = newp;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * untimeout - Unschedule a timeout.
     */
    void
    untimeout(func, arg)
        void (*func)(void *);
        void *arg;
    {
        struct callout **copp, *freep;
    
        MAINDEBUG((LOG_DEBUG, "Untimeout %lx:%lx.", (long) func, (long) arg));
    
        /*
         * Find first matching timeout and remove it from the list.
         */
        for (copp = &callout; (freep = *copp); copp = &freep->c_next)
    	if (freep->c_func == func && freep->c_arg == arg) {
    	    *copp = freep->c_next;
    	    (void) free((char *) freep);
    	    break;
    	}
    }
    
    
    /*
     * calltimeout - Call any timeout routines which are now due.
     */
    static void
    calltimeout()
    {
        struct callout *p;
    
        while (callout != NULL) {
    	p = callout;
    
    	if (gettimeofday(&timenow, NULL) < 0) {
    	    syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to get time of day: %m");
    	    die(1);
    	}
    	if (!(p->c_time.tv_sec < timenow.tv_sec
    	      || (p->c_time.tv_sec == timenow.tv_sec
    		  && p->c_time.tv_usec <= timenow.tv_usec)))
    	    break;		/* no, it's not time yet */
    
    	callout = p->c_next;
    	(*p->c_func)(p->c_arg);
    
    	free((char *) p);
        }
    }
    
    
    /*
     * timeleft - return the length of time until the next timeout is due.
     */
    static struct timeval *
    timeleft(tvp)
        struct timeval *tvp;
    {
        if (callout == NULL)
    	return NULL;
    
        gettimeofday(&timenow, NULL);
        tvp->tv_sec = callout->c_time.tv_sec - timenow.tv_sec;
        tvp->tv_usec = callout->c_time.tv_usec - timenow.tv_usec;
        if (tvp->tv_usec < 0) {
    	tvp->tv_usec += 1000000;
    	tvp->tv_sec -= 1;
        }
        if (tvp->tv_sec < 0)
    	tvp->tv_sec = tvp->tv_usec = 0;
    
        return tvp;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * kill_my_pg - send a signal to our process group, and ignore it ourselves.
     */
    static void
    kill_my_pg(sig)
        int sig;
    {
        struct sigaction act, oldact;
    
        act.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
        act.sa_flags = 0;
        kill(0, sig);
        sigaction(sig, &act, &oldact);
        sigaction(sig, &oldact, NULL);
    }
    
    
    /*
     * hup - Catch SIGHUP signal.
     *
     * Indicates that the physical layer has been disconnected.
     * We don't rely on this indication; if the user has sent this
     * signal, we just take the link down.
     */
    static void
    hup(sig)
        int sig;
    {
        int save_errno = errno;
        struct syslog_data sdata = SYSLOG_DATA_INIT;
    
        if (crashed)
    	_exit(127);
        syslog_r(LOG_INFO, &sdata, "Hangup (SIGHUP)");
        kill_link = 1;
        if (conn_running)
    	/* Send the signal to the [dis]connector process(es) also */
    	kill_my_pg(sig);
        errno = save_errno;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * term - Catch SIGTERM signal and SIGINT signal (^C/del).
     *
     * Indicates that we should initiate a graceful disconnect and exit.
     */
    /*ARGSUSED*/
    static void
    term(sig)
        int sig;
    {
        int save_errno = errno;
        struct syslog_data sdata = SYSLOG_DATA_INIT;
    
        if (crashed)
    	_exit(127);
        syslog_r(LOG_INFO, &sdata, "Terminating on signal %d.", sig);
        persist = 0;		/* don't try to restart */
        kill_link = 1;
        if (conn_running)
    	/* Send the signal to the [dis]connector process(es) also */
    	kill_my_pg(sig);
        errno = save_errno;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * chld - Catch SIGCHLD signal.
     * Calls reap_kids to get status for any dead kids.
     */
    static void
    chld(sig)
        int sig;
    {
        int save_errno = errno;
    
        reap_kids();		/* XXX somewhat unsafe */
        errno = save_errno;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * toggle_debug - Catch SIGUSR1 signal.
     *
     * Toggle debug flag.
     */
    /*ARGSUSED*/
    static void
    toggle_debug(sig)
        int sig;
    {
        debug = !debug;
        if (debug) {
    	setlogmask(LOG_UPTO(LOG_DEBUG));	/* XXX safe, but wrong */
        } else {
    	setlogmask(LOG_UPTO(LOG_WARNING));	/* XXX safe, but wrong */
        }
    }
    
    
    /*
     * open_ccp - Catch SIGUSR2 signal.
     *
     * Try to (re)negotiate compression.
     */
    /*ARGSUSED*/
    static void
    open_ccp(sig)
        int sig;
    {
        open_ccp_flag = 1;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * bad_signal - We've caught a fatal signal.  Clean up state and exit.
     */
    static void
    bad_signal(sig)
        int sig;
    {
        struct syslog_data sdata = SYSLOG_DATA_INIT;
    
        if (crashed)
    	_exit(127);
        crashed = 1;
        syslog_r(LOG_ERR, &sdata, "Fatal signal %d", sig);
        if (conn_running)
    	kill_my_pg(SIGTERM);
        die(1);					/* XXX unsafe! */
    }
    
    
    /*
     * device_script - run a program to connect or disconnect the
     * serial device.
     */
    static int
    device_script(program, in, out)
        char *program;
        int in, out;
    {
        pid_t pid;
        int status;
        int errfd;
        gid_t gid;
        uid_t uid;
    
        conn_running = 1;
        pid = fork();
    
        if (pid < 0) {
    	conn_running = 0;
    	syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to create child process: %m");
    	die(1);
        }
    
        if (pid == 0) {
    	sys_close();
    	closelog();
    	if (in == out) {
    	    if (in != 0) {
    		dup2(in, 0);
    		close(in);
    	    }
    	    dup2(0, 1);
    	} else {
    	    if (out == 0)
    		out = dup(out);
    	    if (in != 0) {
    		dup2(in, 0);
    		close(in);
    	    }
    	    if (out != 1) {
    		dup2(out, 1);
    		close(out);
    	    }
    	}
    	if (nodetach == 0) {
    	    close(2);
    	    errfd = open(_PATH_CONNERRS, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0600);
    	    if (errfd >= 0 && errfd != 2) {
    		dup2(errfd, 2);
    		close(errfd);
    	    }
    	}
    
    	/* revoke privs */
    	gid = getgid();
    	uid = getuid();
    	if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) == -1 || setresuid(uid, uid, uid) == -1) {
    		syslog(LOG_ERR, "revoke privileges: %s", strerror(errno));
    		_exit(1);
    	}
    
    	execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", program, (char *)NULL);
    	syslog(LOG_ERR, "could not exec /bin/sh: %m");
    	_exit(99);
    	/* NOTREACHED */
        }
    
        while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0) {
    	if (errno == EINTR)
    	    continue;
    	syslog(LOG_ERR, "error waiting for (dis)connection process: %m");
    	die(1);
        }
        conn_running = 0;
    
        return (status == 0 ? 0 : -1);
    }
    
    
    /*
     * run-program - execute a program with given arguments,
     * but don't wait for it.
     * If the program can't be executed, logs an error unless
     * must_exist is 0 and the program file doesn't exist.
     */
    int
    run_program(prog, args, must_exist)
        char *prog;
        char **args;
        int must_exist;
    {
        pid_t pid;
        uid_t uid;
        gid_t gid;
    
        pid = fork();
        if (pid == -1) {
    	syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to create child process for %s: %m", prog);
    	return -1;
        }
        if (pid == 0) {
    	int new_fd;
    
    	/* Leave the current location */
    	(void) setsid();    /* No controlling tty. */
    	(void) umask (S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
    	(void) chdir ("/"); /* no current directory. */
    
    	/* revoke privs */
    	uid = getuid();
    	gid = getgid();
    	if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) == -1 || setresuid(uid, uid, uid) == -1) {
    		syslog(LOG_ERR, "revoke privileges: %s", strerror(errno));
    		_exit(1);
    	}
    
    	/* Ensure that nothing of our device environment is inherited. */
    	sys_close();
    	closelog();
    	close (0);
    	close (1);
    	close (2);
    	close (ttyfd);  /* tty interface to the ppp device */
    
    	/* Don't pass handles to the PPP device, even by accident. */
    	new_fd = open (_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR);
    	if (new_fd >= 0) {
    	    if (new_fd != 0) {
    		dup2  (new_fd, 0); /* stdin <- /dev/null */
    		close (new_fd);
    	    }
    	    dup2 (0, 1); /* stdout -> /dev/null */
    	    dup2 (0, 2); /* stderr -> /dev/null */
    	}
    
    	/* Force the priority back to zero if pppd is running higher. */
    	if (setpriority (PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0) < 0)
    	    syslog (LOG_WARNING, "can't reset priority to 0: %m");
    
    	/* SysV recommends a second fork at this point. */
    
    	/* run the program; give it a null environment */
    	execve(prog, args, script_env);
    	if (must_exist || errno != ENOENT)
    	    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "Can't execute %s: %m", prog);
    	_exit(1);
        }
        MAINDEBUG((LOG_DEBUG, "Script %s started; pid = %ld", prog, (long)pid));
        ++n_children;
        return 0;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * reap_kids - get status from any dead child processes,
     * and log a message for abnormal terminations.
     */
    static void
    reap_kids()
    {
        int status;
        pid_t pid;
    
        if (n_children == 0)
    	return;
        if ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) == -1) {
    	if (errno != ECHILD)
    	    syslog(LOG_ERR, "Error waiting for child process: %m");
    	return;
        }
        if (pid > 0) {
    	--n_children;
    	if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
    	    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "Child process %ld terminated with signal %d",
    		   (long)pid, WTERMSIG(status));
    	}
        }
    }
    
    
    /*
     * log_packet - format a packet and log it.
     */
    
    char line[256];			/* line to be logged accumulated here */
    char *linep;
    
    void
    log_packet(p, len, prefix, level)
        u_char *p;
        int len;
        char *prefix;
        int level;
    {
        strlcpy(line, prefix, sizeof line);
        linep = line + strlen(line);
        format_packet(p, len, pr_log, NULL);
        if (linep != line)
    	syslog(level, "%s", line);
    }
    
    /*
     * format_packet - make a readable representation of a packet,
     * calling `printer(arg, format, ...)' to output it.
     */
    void
    format_packet(p, len, printer, arg)
        u_char *p;
        int len;
        void (*printer)(void *, char *, ...);
        void *arg;
    {
        int i, n;
        u_short proto;
        u_char x;
        struct protent *protp;
    
        if (len >= PPP_HDRLEN && p[0] == PPP_ALLSTATIONS && p[1] == PPP_UI) {
    	p += 2;
    	GETSHORT(proto, p);
    	len -= PPP_HDRLEN;
    	for (i = 0; (protp = protocols[i]) != NULL; ++i)
    	    if (proto == protp->protocol)
    		break;
    	if (protp != NULL) {
    	    printer(arg, "[%s", protp->name);
    	    n = (*protp->printpkt)(p, len, printer, arg);
    	    printer(arg, "]");
    	    p += n;
    	    len -= n;
    	} else {
    	    printer(arg, "[proto=0x%x]", proto);
    	}
        }
    
        for (; len > 0; --len) {
    	GETCHAR(x, p);
    	printer(arg, " %.2x", x);
        }
    }
    
    static void
    pr_log(void *arg, char *fmt, ...)
    {
        int n;
        va_list pvar;
        char buf[256];
    
        va_start(pvar, fmt);
    
        n = vfmtmsg(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, pvar);
        va_end(pvar);
    
        if (linep + n + 1 > line + sizeof(line)) {
    	syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "%s", line);
    	linep = line;
        }
        strlcpy(linep, buf, line + sizeof line - linep);
        linep += n;
    }
    
    /*
     * print_string - print a readable representation of a string using
     * printer.
     */
    void
    print_string(p, len, printer, arg)
        char *p;
        int len;
        void (*printer)(void *, char *, ...);
        void *arg;
    {
        int c;
    
        printer(arg, "\"");
        for (; len > 0; --len) {
    	c = *p++;
    	if (' ' <= c && c <= '~') {
    	    if (c == '\\' || c == '"')
    		printer(arg, "\\");
    	    printer(arg, "%c", c);
    	} else {
    	    switch (c) {
    	    case '\n':
    		printer(arg, "\\n");
    		break;
    	    case '\r':
    		printer(arg, "\\r");
    		break;
    	    case '\t':
    		printer(arg, "\\t");
    		break;
    	    default:
    		printer(arg, "\\%.3o", c);
    	    }
    	}
        }
        printer(arg, "\"");
    }
    
    /*
     * novm - log an error message saying we ran out of memory, and die.
     */
    void
    novm(msg)
        char *msg;
    {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "Virtual memory exhausted allocating %s", msg);
        die(1);
    }
    
    /*
     * fmtmsg - format a message into a buffer.  Like snprintf except we
     * also specify the length of the output buffer, and we handle
     * %m (error message) and %I (IP address) formats.
     * Doesn't do floating-point formats.
     * Returns the number of chars put into buf.
     */
    int
    fmtmsg(char *buf, int buflen, char *fmt, ...)
    {
        va_list args;
        int n;
    
        va_start(args, fmt);
        n = vfmtmsg(buf, buflen, fmt, args);
        va_end(args);
        return n;
    }
    
    /*
     * vfmtmsg - like fmtmsg, takes a va_list instead of a list of args.
     */
    #define OUTCHAR(c)	(buflen > 0? (--buflen, *buf++ = (c)): 0)
    
    int
    vfmtmsg(buf, buflen, fmt, args)
        char *buf;
        int buflen;
        char *fmt;
        va_list args;
    {
        int c, i, n;
        int width, prec, fillch;
        int base, len, neg, quoted;
        unsigned long val = 0;
        char *str, *f, *buf0;
        unsigned char *p;
        char num[32];
        time_t t;
        static char hexchars[] = "0123456789abcdef";
    
        buf0 = buf;
        --buflen;
        while (buflen > 0) {
    	for (f = fmt; *f != '%' && *f != 0; ++f)
    	    ;
    	if (f > fmt) {
    	    len = f - fmt;
    	    if (len > buflen)
    		len = buflen;
    	    memcpy(buf, fmt, len);
    	    buf += len;
    	    buflen -= len;
    	    fmt = f;
    	}
    	if (*fmt == 0)
    	    break;
    	c = *++fmt;
    	width = prec = 0;
    	fillch = ' ';
    	if (c == '0') {
    	    fillch = '0';
    	    c = *++fmt;
    	}
    	if (c == '*') {
    	    width = va_arg(args, int);
    	    c = *++fmt;
    	} else {
    	    while (isdigit(c)) {
    		width = width * 10 + c - '0';
    		c = *++fmt;
    	    }
    	}
    	if (c == '.') {
    	    c = *++fmt;
    	    if (c == '*') {
    		prec = va_arg(args, int);
    		c = *++fmt;
    	    } else {
    		while (isdigit(c)) {
    		    prec = prec * 10 + c - '0';
    		    c = *++fmt;
    		}
    	    }
    	}
    	str = 0;
    	base = 0;
    	neg = 0;
    	++fmt;
    	switch (c) {
    	case 'd':
    	    i = va_arg(args, int);
    	    if (i < 0) {
    		neg = 1;
    		val = -i;
    	    } else
    		val = i;
    	    base = 10;
    	    break;
    	case 'o':
    	    val = va_arg(args, unsigned int);
    	    base = 8;
    	    break;
    	case 'x':
    	    val = va_arg(args, unsigned int);
    	    base = 16;
    	    break;
    	case 'p':
    	    val = (unsigned long) va_arg(args, void *);
    	    base = 16;
    	    neg = 2;
    	    break;
    	case 's':
    	    str = va_arg(args, char *);
    	    break;
    	case 'c':
    	    num[0] = va_arg(args, int);
    	    num[1] = 0;
    	    str = num;
    	    break;
    	case 'm':
    	    str = strerror(errno);
    	    break;
    	case 'I':
    	    str = ip_ntoa(va_arg(args, u_int32_t));
    	    break;
    	case 't':
    	    time(&t);
    	    str = ctime(&t);
    	    str += 4;		/* chop off the day name */
    	    str[15] = 0;	/* chop off year and newline */
    	    break;
    	case 'v':		/* "visible" string */
    	case 'q':		/* quoted string */
    	    quoted = c == 'q';
    	    p = va_arg(args, unsigned char *);
    	    if (fillch == '0' && prec > 0) {
    		n = prec;
    	    } else {
    		n = strlen((char *)p);
    		if (prec > 0 && prec < n)
    		    n = prec;
    	    }
    	    while (n > 0 && buflen > 0) {
    		c = *p++;
    		--n;
    		if (!quoted && c >= 0x80) {
    		    OUTCHAR('M');
    		    OUTCHAR('-');
    		    c -= 0x80;
    		}
    		if (quoted && (c == '"' || c == '\\'))
    		    OUTCHAR('\\');
    		if (c < 0x20 || (0x7f <= c && c < 0xa0)) {
    		    if (quoted) {
    			OUTCHAR('\\');
    			switch (c) {
    			case '\t':	OUTCHAR('t');	break;
    			case '\n':	OUTCHAR('n');	break;
    			case '\b':	OUTCHAR('b');	break;
    			case '\f':	OUTCHAR('f');	break;
    			default:
    			    OUTCHAR('x');
    			    OUTCHAR(hexchars[c >> 4]);
    			    OUTCHAR(hexchars[c & 0xf]);
    			}
    		    } else {
    			if (c == '\t')
    			    OUTCHAR(c);
    			else {
    			    OUTCHAR('^');
    			    OUTCHAR(c ^ 0x40);
    			}
    		    }
    		} else
    		    OUTCHAR(c);
    	    }
    	    continue;
    	default:
    	    *buf++ = '%';
    	    if (c != '%')
    		--fmt;		/* so %z outputs %z etc. */
    	    --buflen;
    	    continue;
    	}
    	if (base != 0) {
    	    str = num + sizeof(num);
    	    *--str = 0;
    	    while (str > num + neg) {
    		*--str = hexchars[val % base];
    		val = val / base;
    		if (--prec <= 0 && val == 0)
    		    break;
    	    }
    	    switch (neg) {
    	    case 1:
    		*--str = '-';
    		break;
    	    case 2:
    		*--str = 'x';
    		*--str = '0';
    		break;
    	    }
    	    len = num + sizeof(num) - 1 - str;
    	} else {
    	    len = strlen(str);
    	    if (prec > 0 && len > prec)
    		len = prec;
    	}
    	if (width > 0) {
    	    if (width > buflen)
    		width = buflen;
    	    if ((n = width - len) > 0) {
    		buflen -= n;
    		for (; n > 0; --n)
    		    *buf++ = fillch;
    	    }
    	}
    	if (len > buflen)
    	    len = buflen;
    	memcpy(buf, str, len);
    	buf += len;
    	buflen -= len;
        }
        *buf = 0;
        return buf - buf0;
    }
    
    /*
     * script_setenv - set an environment variable value to be used
     * for scripts that we run (e.g. ip-up, auth-up, etc.)
     */
    void
    script_setenv(var, value)
        char *var, *value;
    {
        int vl = strlen(var);
        int i;
        char *p, *newstring;
    
        if (asprintf(&newstring, "%s=%s", var, value) == -1)
    	novm("script_setenv");
    
        /* check if this variable is already set */
        if (script_env != 0) {
    	for (i = 0; (p = script_env[i]) != 0; ++i) {
    	    if (strncmp(p, var, vl) == 0 && p[vl] == '=') {
    		free(p);
    		script_env[i] = newstring;
    		return;
    	    }
    	}
        } else {
    	i = 0;
    	script_env = (char **) calloc(16, sizeof(char *));
    	if (script_env == 0)
    	    novm("script_setenv");
    	s_env_nalloc = 16;
        }
    
        /* reallocate script_env with more space if needed */
        if (i + 1 >= s_env_nalloc) {
    	int new_n = i + 17;
    	char **newenv = reallocarray(script_env,
    	    new_n, sizeof(char *));
    	if (newenv == 0)
    	    novm("script_setenv");
    	script_env = newenv;
    	s_env_nalloc = new_n;
        }
    
        script_env[i] = newstring;
        script_env[i+1] = 0;
    }