kc3-lang/automake/lib/texinfo.tex

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  Commit

• Author : Alexandre Duret-Lutz
  Date : 2006-10-15 17:04:16
  Hash : 4ec36c5c
  Message : * lib/config.sub, lib/texinfo.tex: New upstream versions.

• lib/texinfo.tex

• % texinfo.tex -- TeX macros to handle Texinfo files.
  %
  % Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex.
  \expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi
  %
  \def\texinfoversion{2006-10-04.17}
  %
  % Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995,
  % 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free
  % Software Foundation, Inc.
  %
  % This texinfo.tex file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  % modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  % published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
  % your option) any later version.
  %
  % This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be
  % useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
  % of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  % General Public License for more details.
  %
  % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  % along with this texinfo.tex file; see the file COPYING.  If not, write
  % to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
  % Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
  %
  % As a special exception, when this file is read by TeX when processing
  % a Texinfo source document, you may use the result without
  % restriction.  (This has been our intent since Texinfo was invented.)
  %
  % Please try the latest version of texinfo.tex before submitting bug
  % reports; you can get the latest version from:
  %   http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ (the Texinfo home page), or
  %   ftp://tug.org/tex/texinfo.tex
  %     (and all CTAN mirrors, see http://www.ctan.org).
  % The texinfo.tex in any given distribution could well be out
  % of date, so if that's what you're using, please check.
  %
  % Send bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org.  Please include including a
  % complete document in each bug report with which we can reproduce the
  % problem.  Patches are, of course, greatly appreciated.
  %
  % To process a Texinfo manual with TeX, it's most reliable to use the
  % texi2dvi shell script that comes with the distribution.  For a simple
  % manual foo.texi, however, you can get away with this:
  %   tex foo.texi
  %   texindex foo.??
  %   tex foo.texi
  %   tex foo.texi
  %   dvips foo.dvi -o  # or whatever; this makes foo.ps.
  % The extra TeX runs get the cross-reference information correct.
  % Sometimes one run after texindex suffices, and sometimes you need more
  % than two; texi2dvi does it as many times as necessary.
  %
  % It is possible to adapt texinfo.tex for other languages, to some
  % extent.  You can get the existing language-specific files from the
  % full Texinfo distribution.
  %
  % The GNU Texinfo home page is http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo.
  
  
  \message{Loading texinfo [version \texinfoversion]:}
  
  % If in a .fmt file, print the version number
  % and turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because
  % they might have appeared in the input file name.
  \everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}%
    \catcode`+=\active \catcode`\_=\active}
  
  \message{Basics,}
  \chardef\other=12
  
  % We never want plain's \outer definition of \+ in Texinfo.
  % For @tex, we can use \tabalign.
  \let\+ = \relax
  
  % Save some plain tex macros whose names we will redefine.
  \let\ptexb=\b
  \let\ptexbullet=\bullet
  \let\ptexc=\c
  \let\ptexcomma=\,
  \let\ptexdot=\.
  \let\ptexdots=\dots
  \let\ptexend=\end
  \let\ptexequiv=\equiv
  \let\ptexexclam=\!
  \let\ptexfootnote=\footnote
  \let\ptexgtr=>
  \let\ptexhat=^
  \let\ptexi=\i
  \let\ptexindent=\indent
  \let\ptexinsert=\insert
  \let\ptexlbrace=\{
  \let\ptexless=<
  \let\ptexnewwrite\newwrite
  \let\ptexnoindent=\noindent
  \let\ptexplus=+
  \let\ptexrbrace=\}
  \let\ptexslash=\/
  \let\ptexstar=\*
  \let\ptext=\t
  
  % If this character appears in an error message or help string, it
  % starts a new line in the output.
  \newlinechar = `^^J
  
  % Use TeX 3.0's \inputlineno to get the line number, for better error
  % messages, but if we're using an old version of TeX, don't do anything.
  %
  \ifx\inputlineno\thisisundefined
    \let\linenumber = \empty % Pre-3.0.
  \else
    \def\linenumber{l.\the\inputlineno:\space}
  \fi
  
  % Set up fixed words for English if not already set.
  \ifx\putwordAppendix\undefined  \gdef\putwordAppendix{Appendix}\fi
  \ifx\putwordChapter\undefined   \gdef\putwordChapter{Chapter}\fi
  \ifx\putwordfile\undefined      \gdef\putwordfile{file}\fi
  \ifx\putwordin\undefined        \gdef\putwordin{in}\fi
  \ifx\putwordIndexIsEmpty\undefined     \gdef\putwordIndexIsEmpty{(Index is empty)}\fi
  \ifx\putwordIndexNonexistent\undefined \gdef\putwordIndexNonexistent{(Index is nonexistent)}\fi
  \ifx\putwordInfo\undefined      \gdef\putwordInfo{Info}\fi
  \ifx\putwordInstanceVariableof\undefined \gdef\putwordInstanceVariableof{Instance Variable of}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMethodon\undefined  \gdef\putwordMethodon{Method on}\fi
  \ifx\putwordNoTitle\undefined   \gdef\putwordNoTitle{No Title}\fi
  \ifx\putwordof\undefined        \gdef\putwordof{of}\fi
  \ifx\putwordon\undefined        \gdef\putwordon{on}\fi
  \ifx\putwordpage\undefined      \gdef\putwordpage{page}\fi
  \ifx\putwordsection\undefined   \gdef\putwordsection{section}\fi
  \ifx\putwordSection\undefined   \gdef\putwordSection{Section}\fi
  \ifx\putwordsee\undefined       \gdef\putwordsee{see}\fi
  \ifx\putwordSee\undefined       \gdef\putwordSee{See}\fi
  \ifx\putwordShortTOC\undefined  \gdef\putwordShortTOC{Short Contents}\fi
  \ifx\putwordTOC\undefined       \gdef\putwordTOC{Table of Contents}\fi
  %
  \ifx\putwordMJan\undefined \gdef\putwordMJan{January}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMFeb\undefined \gdef\putwordMFeb{February}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMMar\undefined \gdef\putwordMMar{March}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMApr\undefined \gdef\putwordMApr{April}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMMay\undefined \gdef\putwordMMay{May}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMJun\undefined \gdef\putwordMJun{June}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMJul\undefined \gdef\putwordMJul{July}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMAug\undefined \gdef\putwordMAug{August}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMSep\undefined \gdef\putwordMSep{September}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMOct\undefined \gdef\putwordMOct{October}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMNov\undefined \gdef\putwordMNov{November}\fi
  \ifx\putwordMDec\undefined \gdef\putwordMDec{December}\fi
  %
  \ifx\putwordDefmac\undefined    \gdef\putwordDefmac{Macro}\fi
  \ifx\putwordDefspec\undefined   \gdef\putwordDefspec{Special Form}\fi
  \ifx\putwordDefvar\undefined    \gdef\putwordDefvar{Variable}\fi
  \ifx\putwordDefopt\undefined    \gdef\putwordDefopt{User Option}\fi
  \ifx\putwordDeffunc\undefined   \gdef\putwordDeffunc{Function}\fi
  
  % Since the category of space is not known, we have to be careful.
  \chardef\spacecat = 10
  \def\spaceisspace{\catcode`\ =\spacecat}
  
  % sometimes characters are active, so we need control sequences.
  \chardef\colonChar = `\:
  \chardef\commaChar = `\,
  \chardef\dashChar  = `\-
  \chardef\dotChar   = `\.
  \chardef\exclamChar= `\!
  \chardef\lquoteChar= `\`
  \chardef\questChar = `\?
  \chardef\rquoteChar= `\'
  \chardef\semiChar  = `\;
  \chardef\underChar = `\_
  
  % Ignore a token.
  %
  \def\gobble#1{}
  
  % The following is used inside several \edef's.
  \def\makecsname#1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname}
  
  % Hyphenation fixes.
  \hyphenation{
    Flor-i-da Ghost-script Ghost-view Mac-OS Post-Script
    ap-pen-dix bit-map bit-maps
    data-base data-bases eshell fall-ing half-way long-est man-u-script
    man-u-scripts mini-buf-fer mini-buf-fers over-view par-a-digm
    par-a-digms rath-er rec-tan-gu-lar ro-bot-ics se-vere-ly set-up spa-ces
    spell-ing spell-ings
    stand-alone strong-est time-stamp time-stamps which-ever white-space
    wide-spread wrap-around
  }
  
  % Margin to add to right of even pages, to left of odd pages.
  \newdimen\bindingoffset
  \newdimen\normaloffset
  \newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight
  
  % For a final copy, take out the rectangles
  % that mark overfull boxes (in case you have decided
  % that the text looks ok even though it passes the margin).
  %
  \def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt}
  
  % @| inserts a changebar to the left of the current line.  It should
  % surround any changed text.  This approach does *not* work if the
  % change spans more than two lines of output.  To handle that, we would
  % have adopt a much more difficult approach (putting marks into the main
  % vertical list for the beginning and end of each change).
  %
  \def\|{%
    % \vadjust can only be used in horizontal mode.
    \leavevmode
    %
    % Append this vertical mode material after the current line in the output.
    \vadjust{%
      % We want to insert a rule with the height and depth of the current
      % leading; that is exactly what \strutbox is supposed to record.
      \vskip-\baselineskip
      %
      % \vadjust-items are inserted at the left edge of the type.  So
      % the \llap here moves out into the left-hand margin.
      \llap{%
        %
        % For a thicker or thinner bar, change the `1pt'.
        \vrule height\baselineskip width1pt
        %
        % This is the space between the bar and the text.
        \hskip 12pt
      }%
    }%
  }
  
  % Sometimes it is convenient to have everything in the transcript file
  % and nothing on the terminal.  We don't just call \tracingall here,
  % since that produces some useless output on the terminal.  We also make
  % some effort to order the tracing commands to reduce output in the log
  % file; cf. trace.sty in LaTeX.
  %
  \def\gloggingall{\begingroup \globaldefs = 1 \loggingall \endgroup}%
  \def\loggingall{%
    \tracingstats2
    \tracingpages1
    \tracinglostchars2  % 2 gives us more in etex
    \tracingparagraphs1
    \tracingoutput1
    \tracingmacros2
    \tracingrestores1
    \showboxbreadth\maxdimen \showboxdepth\maxdimen
    \ifx\eTeXversion\undefined\else % etex gives us more logging
      \tracingscantokens1
      \tracingifs1
      \tracinggroups1
      \tracingnesting2
      \tracingassigns1
    \fi
    \tracingcommands3  % 3 gives us more in etex
    \errorcontextlines16
  }%
  
  % add check for \lastpenalty to plain's definitions.  If the last thing
  % we did was a \nobreak, we don't want to insert more space.
  %
  \def\smallbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\smallskipamount
    \removelastskip\penalty-50\smallskip\fi\fi}
  \def\medbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\medskipamount
    \removelastskip\penalty-100\medskip\fi\fi}
  \def\bigbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\bigskipamount
    \removelastskip\penalty-200\bigskip\fi\fi}
  
  % For @cropmarks command.
  % Do @cropmarks to get crop marks.
  %
  \newif\ifcropmarks
  \let\cropmarks = \cropmarkstrue
  %
  % Dimensions to add cropmarks at corners.
  % Added by P. A. MacKay, 12 Nov. 1986
  %
  \newdimen\outerhsize \newdimen\outervsize % set by the paper size routines
  \newdimen\cornerlong  \cornerlong=1pc
  \newdimen\cornerthick \cornerthick=.3pt
  \newdimen\topandbottommargin \topandbottommargin=.75in
  
  % Main output routine.
  \chardef\PAGE = 255
  \output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}}
  
  \newbox\headlinebox
  \newbox\footlinebox
  
  % \onepageout takes a vbox as an argument.  Note that \pagecontents
  % does insertions, but you have to call it yourself.
  \def\onepageout#1{%
    \ifcropmarks \hoffset=0pt \else \hoffset=\normaloffset \fi
    %
    \ifodd\pageno  \advance\hoffset by \bindingoffset
    \else \advance\hoffset by -\bindingoffset\fi
    %
    % Do this outside of the \shipout so @code etc. will be expanded in
    % the headline as they should be, not taken literally (outputting ''code).
    \setbox\headlinebox = \vbox{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makeheadline}%
    \setbox\footlinebox = \vbox{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makefootline}%
    %
    {%
      % Have to do this stuff outside the \shipout because we want it to
      % take effect in \write's, yet the group defined by the \vbox ends
      % before the \shipout runs.
      %
      \indexdummies         % don't expand commands in the output.
      \normalturnoffactive  % \ in index entries must not stay \, e.g., if
                 % the page break happens to be in the middle of an example.
                 % We don't want .vr (or whatever) entries like this:
                 % \entry{{\tt \indexbackslash }acronym}{32}{\code {\acronym}}
                 % "\acronym" won't work when it's read back in;
                 % it needs to be 
                 % {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }acronym}
      \shipout\vbox{%
        % Do this early so pdf references go to the beginning of the page.
        \ifpdfmakepagedest \pdfdest name{\the\pageno} xyz\fi
        %
        \ifcropmarks \vbox to \outervsize\bgroup
          \hsize = \outerhsize
          \vskip-\topandbottommargin
          \vtop to0pt{%
            \line{\ewtop\hfil\ewtop}%
            \nointerlineskip
            \line{%
              \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nstop}%
              \hfill
              \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nstop}%
            }%
            \vss}%
          \vskip\topandbottommargin
          \line\bgroup
            \hfil % center the page within the outer (page) hsize.
            \ifodd\pageno\hskip\bindingoffset\fi
            \vbox\bgroup
        \fi
        %
        \unvbox\headlinebox
        \pagebody{#1}%
        \ifdim\ht\footlinebox > 0pt
          % Only leave this space if the footline is nonempty.
          % (We lessened \vsize for it in \oddfootingyyy.)
          % The \baselineskip=24pt in plain's \makefootline has no effect.
          \vskip 24pt
          \unvbox\footlinebox
        \fi
        %
        \ifcropmarks
            \egroup % end of \vbox\bgroup
          \hfil\egroup % end of (centering) \line\bgroup
          \vskip\topandbottommargin plus1fill minus1fill
          \boxmaxdepth = \cornerthick
          \vbox to0pt{\vss
            \line{%
              \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nsbot}%
              \hfill
              \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nsbot}%
            }%
            \nointerlineskip
            \line{\ewbot\hfil\ewbot}%
          }%
        \egroup % \vbox from first cropmarks clause
        \fi
      }% end of \shipout\vbox
    }% end of group with \indexdummies
    \advancepageno
    \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi
  }
  
  \newinsert\margin \dimen\margin=\maxdimen
  
  \def\pagebody#1{\vbox to\pageheight{\boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth #1}}
  {\catcode`\@ =11
  \gdef\pagecontents#1{\ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi
  % marginal hacks, juha@viisa.uucp (Juha Takala)
  \ifvoid\margin\else % marginal info is present
    \rlap{\kern\hsize\vbox to\z@{\kern1pt\box\margin \vss}}\fi
  \dimen@=\dp#1 \unvbox#1
  \ifvoid\footins\else\vskip\skip\footins\footnoterule \unvbox\footins\fi
  \ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi}
  }
  
  % Here are the rules for the cropmarks.  Note that they are
  % offset so that the space between them is truly \outerhsize or \outervsize
  % (P. A. MacKay, 12 November, 1986)
  %
  \def\ewtop{\vrule height\cornerthick depth0pt width\cornerlong}
  \def\nstop{\vbox
    {\hrule height\cornerthick depth\cornerlong width\cornerthick}}
  \def\ewbot{\vrule height0pt depth\cornerthick width\cornerlong}
  \def\nsbot{\vbox
    {\hrule height\cornerlong depth\cornerthick width\cornerthick}}
  
  % Parse an argument, then pass it to #1.  The argument is the rest of
  % the input line (except we remove a trailing comment).  #1 should be a
  % macro which expects an ordinary undelimited TeX argument.
  %
  \def\parsearg{\parseargusing{}}
  \def\parseargusing#1#2{%
    \def\argtorun{#2}%
    \begingroup
      \obeylines
      \spaceisspace
      #1%
      \parseargline\empty% Insert the \empty token, see \finishparsearg below.
  }
  
  {\obeylines %
    \gdef\parseargline#1^^M{%
      \endgroup % End of the group started in \parsearg.
      \argremovecomment #1\comment\ArgTerm%
    }%
  }
  
  % First remove any @comment, then any @c comment.
  \def\argremovecomment#1\comment#2\ArgTerm{\argremovec #1\c\ArgTerm}
  \def\argremovec#1\c#2\ArgTerm{\argcheckspaces#1\^^M\ArgTerm}
  
  % Each occurence of `\^^M' or `<space>\^^M' is replaced by a single space.
  %
  % \argremovec might leave us with trailing space, e.g.,
  %    @end itemize  @c foo
  % This space token undergoes the same procedure and is eventually removed
  % by \finishparsearg.
  %
  \def\argcheckspaces#1\^^M{\argcheckspacesX#1\^^M \^^M}
  \def\argcheckspacesX#1 \^^M{\argcheckspacesY#1\^^M}
  \def\argcheckspacesY#1\^^M#2\^^M#3\ArgTerm{%
    \def\temp{#3}%
    \ifx\temp\empty
      % Do not use \next, perhaps the caller of \parsearg uses it; reuse \temp:
      \let\temp\finishparsearg
    \else
      \let\temp\argcheckspaces
    \fi
    % Put the space token in:
    \temp#1 #3\ArgTerm
  }
  
  % If a _delimited_ argument is enclosed in braces, they get stripped; so
  % to get _exactly_ the rest of the line, we had to prevent such situation.
  % We prepended an \empty token at the very beginning and we expand it now,
  % just before passing the control to \argtorun.
  % (Similarily, we have to think about #3 of \argcheckspacesY above: it is
  % either the null string, or it ends with \^^M---thus there is no danger
  % that a pair of braces would be stripped.
  %
  % But first, we have to remove the trailing space token.
  %
  \def\finishparsearg#1 \ArgTerm{\expandafter\argtorun\expandafter{#1}}
  
  % \parseargdef\foo{...}
  %	is roughly equivalent to
  % \def\foo{\parsearg\Xfoo}
  % \def\Xfoo#1{...}
  %
  % Actually, I use \csname\string\foo\endcsname, ie. \\foo, as it is my
  % favourite TeX trick.  --kasal, 16nov03
  
  \def\parseargdef#1{%
    \expandafter \doparseargdef \csname\string#1\endcsname #1%
  }
  \def\doparseargdef#1#2{%
    \def#2{\parsearg#1}%
    \def#1##1%
  }
  
  % Several utility definitions with active space:
  {
    \obeyspaces
    \gdef\obeyedspace{ }
  
    % Make each space character in the input produce a normal interword
    % space in the output.  Don't allow a line break at this space, as this
    % is used only in environments like @example, where each line of input
    % should produce a line of output anyway.
    %
    \gdef\sepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\tie}
  
    % If an index command is used in an @example environment, any spaces
    % therein should become regular spaces in the raw index file, not the
    % expansion of \tie (\leavevmode \penalty \@M \ ).
    \gdef\unsepspaces{\let =\space}
  }
  
  
  \def\flushcr{\ifx\par\lisppar \def\next##1{}\else \let\next=\relax \fi \next}
  
  % Define the framework for environments in texinfo.tex.  It's used like this:
  %
  %   \envdef\foo{...}
  %   \def\Efoo{...}
  %
  % It's the responsibility of \envdef to insert \begingroup before the
  % actual body; @end closes the group after calling \Efoo.  \envdef also
  % defines \thisenv, so the current environment is known; @end checks
  % whether the environment name matches.  The \checkenv macro can also be
  % used to check whether the current environment is the one expected.
  %
  % Non-false conditionals (@iftex, @ifset) don't fit into this, so they
  % are not treated as enviroments; they don't open a group.  (The
  % implementation of @end takes care not to call \endgroup in this
  % special case.)
  
  
  % At runtime, environments start with this:
  \def\startenvironment#1{\begingroup\def\thisenv{#1}}
  % initialize
  \let\thisenv\empty
  
  % ... but they get defined via ``\envdef\foo{...}'':
  \long\def\envdef#1#2{\def#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
  \def\envparseargdef#1#2{\parseargdef#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
  
  % Check whether we're in the right environment:
  \def\checkenv#1{%
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \ifx\thisenv\temp
    \else
      \badenverr
    \fi
  }
  
  % Evironment mismatch, #1 expected:
  \def\badenverr{%
    \errhelp = \EMsimple
    \errmessage{This command can appear only \inenvironment\temp,
      not \inenvironment\thisenv}%
  }
  \def\inenvironment#1{%
    \ifx#1\empty
      out of any environment%
    \else
      in environment \expandafter\string#1%
    \fi
  }
  
  % @end foo executes the definition of \Efoo.
  % But first, it executes a specialized version of \checkenv
  %
  \parseargdef\end{%
    \if 1\csname iscond.#1\endcsname
    \else
      % The general wording of \badenverr may not be ideal, but... --kasal, 06nov03
      \expandafter\checkenv\csname#1\endcsname
      \csname E#1\endcsname
      \endgroup
    \fi
  }
  
  \newhelp\EMsimple{Press RETURN to continue.}
  
  
  %% Simple single-character @ commands
  
  % @@ prints an @
  % Kludge this until the fonts are right (grr).
  \def\@{{\tt\char64}}
  
  % This is turned off because it was never documented
  % and you can use @w{...} around a quote to suppress ligatures.
  %% Define @` and @' to be the same as ` and '
  %% but suppressing ligatures.
  %\def\`{{`}}
  %\def\'{{'}}
  
  % Used to generate quoted braces.
  \def\mylbrace {{\tt\char123}}
  \def\myrbrace {{\tt\char125}}
  \let\{=\mylbrace
  \let\}=\myrbrace
  \begingroup
    % Definitions to produce \{ and \} commands for indices,
    % and @{ and @} for the aux/toc files.
    \catcode`\{ = \other \catcode`\} = \other
    \catcode`\[ = 1 \catcode`\] = 2
    \catcode`\! = 0 \catcode`\\ = \other
    !gdef!lbracecmd[\{]%
    !gdef!rbracecmd[\}]%
    !gdef!lbraceatcmd[@{]%
    !gdef!rbraceatcmd[@}]%
  !endgroup
  
  % @comma{} to avoid , parsing problems.
  \let\comma = ,
  
  % Accents: @, @dotaccent @ringaccent @ubaraccent @udotaccent
  % Others are defined by plain TeX: @` @' @" @^ @~ @= @u @v @H.
  \let\, = \c
  \let\dotaccent = \.
  \def\ringaccent#1{{\accent23 #1}}
  \let\tieaccent = \t
  \let\ubaraccent = \b
  \let\udotaccent = \d
  
  % Other special characters: @questiondown @exclamdown @ordf @ordm
  % Plain TeX defines: @AA @AE @O @OE @L (plus lowercase versions) @ss.
  \def\questiondown{?`}
  \def\exclamdown{!`}
  \def\ordf{\leavevmode\raise1ex\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize \underbar{a}}}
  \def\ordm{\leavevmode\raise1ex\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize \underbar{o}}}
  
  % Dotless i and dotless j, used for accents.
  \def\imacro{i}
  \def\jmacro{j}
  \def\dotless#1{%
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \ifx\temp\imacro \ptexi
    \else\ifx\temp\jmacro \j
    \else \errmessage{@dotless can be used only with i or j}%
    \fi\fi
  }
  
  % The \TeX{} logo, as in plain, but resetting the spacing so that a
  % period following counts as ending a sentence.  (Idea found in latex.)
  %
  \edef\TeX{\TeX \spacefactor=1000 }
  
  % @LaTeX{} logo.  Not quite the same results as the definition in
  % latex.ltx, since we use a different font for the raised A; it's most
  % convenient for us to use an explicitly smaller font, rather than using
  % the \scriptstyle font (since we don't reset \scriptstyle and
  % \scriptscriptstyle).
  %
  \def\LaTeX{%
    L\kern-.36em
    {\setbox0=\hbox{T}%
     \vbox to \ht0{\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize A}\vss}}%
    \kern-.15em
    \TeX
  }
  
  % Be sure we're in horizontal mode when doing a tie, since we make space
  % equivalent to this in @example-like environments. Otherwise, a space
  % at the beginning of a line will start with \penalty -- and
  % since \penalty is valid in vertical mode, we'd end up putting the
  % penalty on the vertical list instead of in the new paragraph.
  {\catcode`@ = 11
   % Avoid using \@M directly, because that causes trouble
   % if the definition is written into an index file.
   \global\let\tiepenalty = \@M
   \gdef\tie{\leavevmode\penalty\tiepenalty\ }
  }
  
  % @: forces normal size whitespace following.
  \def\:{\spacefactor=1000 }
  
  % @* forces a line break.
  \def\*{\hfil\break\hbox{}\ignorespaces}
  
  % @/ allows a line break.
  \let\/=\allowbreak
  
  % @. is an end-of-sentence period.
  \def\.{.\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space}
  
  % @! is an end-of-sentence bang.
  \def\!{!\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space}
  
  % @? is an end-of-sentence query.
  \def\?{?\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space}
  
  % @frenchspacing on|off  says whether to put extra space after punctuation.
  % 
  \def\onword{on}
  \def\offword{off}
  %
  \parseargdef\frenchspacing{%
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \ifx\temp\onword \plainfrenchspacing
    \else\ifx\temp\offword \plainnonfrenchspacing
    \else
      \errhelp = \EMsimple
      \errmessage{Unknown @frenchspacing option `\temp', must be on/off}%
    \fi\fi
  }
  
  % @w prevents a word break.  Without the \leavevmode, @w at the
  % beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would
  % produce a whole line of output instead of starting the paragraph.
  \def\w#1{\leavevmode\hbox{#1}}
  
  % @group ... @end group forces ... to be all on one page, by enclosing
  % it in a TeX vbox.  We use \vtop instead of \vbox to construct the box
  % to keep its height that of a normal line.  According to the rules for
  % \topskip (p.114 of the TeXbook), the glue inserted is
  % max (\topskip - \ht (first item), 0).  If that height is large,
  % therefore, no glue is inserted, and the space between the headline and
  % the text is small, which looks bad.
  %
  % Another complication is that the group might be very large.  This can
  % cause the glue on the previous page to be unduly stretched, because it
  % does not have much material.  In this case, it's better to add an
  % explicit \vfill so that the extra space is at the bottom.  The
  % threshold for doing this is if the group is more than \vfilllimit
  % percent of a page (\vfilllimit can be changed inside of @tex).
  %
  \newbox\groupbox
  \def\vfilllimit{0.7}
  %
  \envdef\group{%
    \ifnum\catcode`\^^M=\active \else
      \errhelp = \groupinvalidhelp
      \errmessage{@group invalid in context where filling is enabled}%
    \fi
    \startsavinginserts
    %
    \setbox\groupbox = \vtop\bgroup
      % Do @comment since we are called inside an environment such as
      % @example, where each end-of-line in the input causes an
      % end-of-line in the output.  We don't want the end-of-line after
      % the `@group' to put extra space in the output.  Since @group
      % should appear on a line by itself (according to the Texinfo
      % manual), we don't worry about eating any user text.
      \comment
  }
  %
  % The \vtop produces a box with normal height and large depth; thus, TeX puts
  % \baselineskip glue before it, and (when the next line of text is done)
  % \lineskip glue after it.  Thus, space below is not quite equal to space
  % above.  But it's pretty close.
  \def\Egroup{%
      % To get correct interline space between the last line of the group
      % and the first line afterwards, we have to propagate \prevdepth.
      \endgraf % Not \par, as it may have been set to \lisppar.
      \global\dimen1 = \prevdepth
    \egroup           % End the \vtop.
    % \dimen0 is the vertical size of the group's box.
    \dimen0 = \ht\groupbox  \advance\dimen0 by \dp\groupbox
    % \dimen2 is how much space is left on the page (more or less).
    \dimen2 = \pageheight   \advance\dimen2 by -\pagetotal
    % if the group doesn't fit on the current page, and it's a big big
    % group, force a page break.
    \ifdim \dimen0 > \dimen2
      \ifdim \pagetotal < \vfilllimit\pageheight
        \page
      \fi
    \fi
    \box\groupbox
    \prevdepth = \dimen1
    \checkinserts
  }
  %
  % TeX puts in an \escapechar (i.e., `@') at the beginning of the help
  % message, so this ends up printing `@group can only ...'.
  %
  \newhelp\groupinvalidhelp{%
  group can only be used in environments such as @example,^^J%
  where each line of input produces a line of output.}
  
  % @need space-in-mils
  % forces a page break if there is not space-in-mils remaining.
  
  \newdimen\mil  \mil=0.001in
  
  % Old definition--didn't work.
  %\parseargdef\need{\par %
  %% This method tries to make TeX break the page naturally
  %% if the depth of the box does not fit.
  %{\baselineskip=0pt%
  %\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}\kern -#1\mil\nobreak
  %\prevdepth=-1000pt
  %}}
  
  \parseargdef\need{%
    % Ensure vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a
    % paragraph.
    \par
    %
    % If the @need value is less than one line space, it's useless.
    \dimen0 = #1\mil
    \dimen2 = \ht\strutbox
    \advance\dimen2 by \dp\strutbox
    \ifdim\dimen0 > \dimen2
      %
      % Do a \strut just to make the height of this box be normal, so the
      % normal leading is inserted relative to the preceding line.
      % And a page break here is fine.
      \vtop to #1\mil{\strut\vfil}%
      %
      % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the
      % main vertical list is 10000 or more.  But in order to see if the
      % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider
      % page breaks.  On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the
      % page after the empty box.  So we use a penalty of 9999.
      %
      % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the
      % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in
      % sight.  (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which
      % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing
      % good page breaking, for example.)  However, I could not construct an
      % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real
      % document, then we can reconsider our strategy.
      \penalty9999
      %
      % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not.
      \kern -#1\mil
      %
      % Do not allow a page break right after this kern.
      \nobreak
    \fi
  }
  
  % @br   forces paragraph break (and is undocumented).
  
  \let\br = \par
  
  % @page forces the start of a new page.
  %
  \def\page{\par\vfill\supereject}
  
  % @exdent text....
  % outputs text on separate line in roman font, starting at standard page margin
  
  % This records the amount of indent in the innermost environment.
  % That's how much \exdent should take out.
  \newskip\exdentamount
  
  % This defn is used inside fill environments such as @defun.
  \parseargdef\exdent{\hfil\break\hbox{\kern -\exdentamount{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}
  
  % This defn is used inside nofill environments such as @example.
  \parseargdef\nofillexdent{{\advance \leftskip by -\exdentamount
    \leftline{\hskip\leftskip{\rm#1}}}}
  
  % @inmargin{WHICH}{TEXT} puts TEXT in the WHICH margin next to the current
  % paragraph.  For more general purposes, use the \margin insertion
  % class.  WHICH is `l' or `r'.
  %
  \newskip\inmarginspacing \inmarginspacing=1cm
  \def\strutdepth{\dp\strutbox}
  %
  \def\doinmargin#1#2{\strut\vadjust{%
    \nobreak
    \kern-\strutdepth
    \vtop to \strutdepth{%
      \baselineskip=\strutdepth
      \vss
      % if you have multiple lines of stuff to put here, you'll need to
      % make the vbox yourself of the appropriate size.
      \ifx#1l%
        \llap{\ignorespaces #2\hskip\inmarginspacing}%
      \else
        \rlap{\hskip\hsize \hskip\inmarginspacing \ignorespaces #2}%
      \fi
      \null
    }%
  }}
  \def\inleftmargin{\doinmargin l}
  \def\inrightmargin{\doinmargin r}
  %
  % @inmargin{TEXT [, RIGHT-TEXT]}
  % (if RIGHT-TEXT is given, use TEXT for left page, RIGHT-TEXT for right;
  % else use TEXT for both).
  %
  \def\inmargin#1{\parseinmargin #1,,\finish}
  \def\parseinmargin#1,#2,#3\finish{% not perfect, but better than nothing.
    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
    \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
      \def\lefttext{#1}%  have both texts
      \def\righttext{#2}%
    \else
      \def\lefttext{#1}%  have only one text
      \def\righttext{#1}%
    \fi
    %
    \ifodd\pageno
      \def\temp{\inrightmargin\righttext}% odd page -> outside is right margin
    \else
      \def\temp{\inleftmargin\lefttext}%
    \fi
    \temp
  }
  
  % @include file    insert text of that file as input.
  %
  \def\include{\parseargusing\filenamecatcodes\includezzz}
  \def\includezzz#1{%
    \pushthisfilestack
    \def\thisfile{#1}%
    {%
      \makevalueexpandable
      \def\temp{\input #1 }%
      \expandafter
    }\temp
    \popthisfilestack
  }
  \def\filenamecatcodes{%
    \catcode`\\=\other
    \catcode`~=\other
    \catcode`^=\other
    \catcode`_=\other
    \catcode`|=\other
    \catcode`<=\other
    \catcode`>=\other
    \catcode`+=\other
    \catcode`-=\other
  }
  
  \def\pushthisfilestack{%
    \expandafter\pushthisfilestackX\popthisfilestack\StackTerm
  }
  \def\pushthisfilestackX{%
    \expandafter\pushthisfilestackY\thisfile\StackTerm
  }
  \def\pushthisfilestackY #1\StackTerm #2\StackTerm {%
    \gdef\popthisfilestack{\gdef\thisfile{#1}\gdef\popthisfilestack{#2}}%
  }
  
  \def\popthisfilestack{\errthisfilestackempty}
  \def\errthisfilestackempty{\errmessage{Internal error:
    the stack of filenames is empty.}}
  
  \def\thisfile{}
  
  % @center line
  % outputs that line, centered.
  %
  \parseargdef\center{%
    \ifhmode
      \let\next\centerH
    \else
      \let\next\centerV
    \fi
    \next{\hfil \ignorespaces#1\unskip \hfil}%
  }
  \def\centerH#1{%
    {%
      \hfil\break
      \advance\hsize by -\leftskip
      \advance\hsize by -\rightskip
      \line{#1}%
      \break
    }%
  }
  \def\centerV#1{\line{\kern\leftskip #1\kern\rightskip}}
  
  % @sp n   outputs n lines of vertical space
  
  \parseargdef\sp{\vskip #1\baselineskip}
  
  % @comment ...line which is ignored...
  % @c is the same as @comment
  % @ignore ... @end ignore  is another way to write a comment
  
  \def\comment{\begingroup \catcode`\^^M=\other%
  \catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\{=\other \catcode`\}=\other%
  \commentxxx}
  {\catcode`\^^M=\other \gdef\commentxxx#1^^M{\endgroup}}
  
  \let\c=\comment
  
  % @paragraphindent NCHARS
  % We'll use ems for NCHARS, close enough.
  % NCHARS can also be the word `asis' or `none'.
  % We cannot feasibly implement @paragraphindent asis, though.
  %
  \def\asisword{asis} % no translation, these are keywords
  \def\noneword{none}
  %
  \parseargdef\paragraphindent{%
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \ifx\temp\asisword
    \else
      \ifx\temp\noneword
        \defaultparindent = 0pt
      \else
        \defaultparindent = #1em
      \fi
    \fi
    \parindent = \defaultparindent
  }
  
  % @exampleindent NCHARS
  % We'll use ems for NCHARS like @paragraphindent.
  % It seems @exampleindent asis isn't necessary, but
  % I preserve it to make it similar to @paragraphindent.
  \parseargdef\exampleindent{%
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \ifx\temp\asisword
    \else
      \ifx\temp\noneword
        \lispnarrowing = 0pt
      \else
        \lispnarrowing = #1em
      \fi
    \fi
  }
  
  % @firstparagraphindent WORD
  % If WORD is `none', then suppress indentation of the first paragraph
  % after a section heading.  If WORD is `insert', then do indent at such
  % paragraphs.
  %
  % The paragraph indentation is suppressed or not by calling
  % \suppressfirstparagraphindent, which the sectioning commands do.
  % We switch the definition of this back and forth according to WORD.
  % By default, we suppress indentation.
  %
  \def\suppressfirstparagraphindent{\dosuppressfirstparagraphindent}
  \def\insertword{insert}
  %
  \parseargdef\firstparagraphindent{%
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \ifx\temp\noneword
      \let\suppressfirstparagraphindent = \dosuppressfirstparagraphindent
    \else\ifx\temp\insertword
      \let\suppressfirstparagraphindent = \relax
    \else
      \errhelp = \EMsimple
      \errmessage{Unknown @firstparagraphindent option `\temp'}%
    \fi\fi
  }
  
  % Here is how we actually suppress indentation.  Redefine \everypar to
  % \kern backwards by \parindent, and then reset itself to empty.
  %
  % We also make \indent itself not actually do anything until the next
  % paragraph.
  %
  \gdef\dosuppressfirstparagraphindent{%
    \gdef\indent{%
      \restorefirstparagraphindent
      \indent
    }%
    \gdef\noindent{%
      \restorefirstparagraphindent
      \noindent
    }%
    \global\everypar = {%
      \kern -\parindent
      \restorefirstparagraphindent
    }%
  }
  
  \gdef\restorefirstparagraphindent{%
    \global \let \indent = \ptexindent
    \global \let \noindent = \ptexnoindent
    \global \everypar = {}%
  }
  
  
  % @asis just yields its argument.  Used with @table, for example.
  %
  \def\asis#1{#1}
  
  % @math outputs its argument in math mode.
  %
  % One complication: _ usually means subscripts, but it could also mean
  % an actual _ character, as in @math{@var{some_variable} + 1}.  So make
  % _ active, and distinguish by seeing if the current family is \slfam,
  % which is what @var uses.
  {
    \catcode`\_ = \active
    \gdef\mathunderscore{%
      \catcode`\_=\active
      \def_{\ifnum\fam=\slfam \_\else\sb\fi}%
    }
  }
  % Another complication: we want \\ (and @\) to output a \ character.
  % FYI, plain.tex uses \\ as a temporary control sequence (why?), but
  % this is not advertised and we don't care.  Texinfo does not
  % otherwise define @\.
  %
  % The \mathchar is class=0=ordinary, family=7=ttfam, position=5C=\.
  \def\mathbackslash{\ifnum\fam=\ttfam \mathchar"075C \else\backslash \fi}
  %
  \def\math{%
    \tex
    \mathunderscore
    \let\\ = \mathbackslash
    \mathactive
    $\finishmath
  }
  \def\finishmath#1{#1$\endgroup}  % Close the group opened by \tex.
  
  % Some active characters (such as <) are spaced differently in math.
  % We have to reset their definitions in case the @math was an argument
  % to a command which sets the catcodes (such as @item or @section).
  %
  {
    \catcode`^ = \active
    \catcode`< = \active
    \catcode`> = \active
    \catcode`+ = \active
    \gdef\mathactive{%
      \let^ = \ptexhat
      \let< = \ptexless
      \let> = \ptexgtr
      \let+ = \ptexplus
    }
  }
  
  % @bullet and @minus need the same treatment as @math, just above.
  \def\bullet{$\ptexbullet$}
  \def\minus{$-$}
  
  % @dots{} outputs an ellipsis using the current font.
  % We do .5em per period so that it has the same spacing in the cm
  % typewriter fonts as three actual period characters; on the other hand,
  % in other typewriter fonts three periods are wider than 1.5em.  So do
  % whichever is larger.
  %
  \def\dots{%
    \leavevmode
    \setbox0=\hbox{...}% get width of three periods
    \ifdim\wd0 > 1.5em
      \dimen0 = \wd0
    \else
      \dimen0 = 1.5em
    \fi
    \hbox to \dimen0{%
      \hskip 0pt plus.25fil
      .\hskip 0pt plus1fil
      .\hskip 0pt plus1fil
      .\hskip 0pt plus.5fil
    }%
  }
  
  % @enddots{} is an end-of-sentence ellipsis.
  %
  \def\enddots{%
    \dots
    \spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor
  }
  
  % @comma{} is so commas can be inserted into text without messing up
  % Texinfo's parsing.
  %
  \let\comma = ,
  
  % @refill is a no-op.
  \let\refill=\relax
  
  % If working on a large document in chapters, it is convenient to
  % be able to disable indexing, cross-referencing, and contents, for test runs.
  % This is done with @novalidate (before @setfilename).
  %
  \newif\iflinks \linkstrue % by default we want the aux files.
  \let\novalidate = \linksfalse
  
  % @setfilename is done at the beginning of every texinfo file.
  % So open here the files we need to have open while reading the input.
  % This makes it possible to make a .fmt file for texinfo.
  \def\setfilename{%
     \fixbackslash  % Turn off hack to swallow `\input texinfo'.
     \iflinks
       \tryauxfile
       % Open the new aux file.  TeX will close it automatically at exit.
       \immediate\openout\auxfile=\jobname.aux
     \fi % \openindices needs to do some work in any case.
     \openindices
     \let\setfilename=\comment % Ignore extra @setfilename cmds.
     %
     % If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it.
     % Useful for site-wide @afourpaper, etc.
     \openin 1 texinfo.cnf
     \ifeof 1 \else \input texinfo.cnf \fi
     \closein 1
     %
     \comment % Ignore the actual filename.
  }
  
  % Called from \setfilename.
  %
  \def\openindices{%
    \newindex{cp}%
    \newcodeindex{fn}%
    \newcodeindex{vr}%
    \newcodeindex{tp}%
    \newcodeindex{ky}%
    \newcodeindex{pg}%
  }
  
  % @bye.
  \outer\def\bye{\pagealignmacro\tracingstats=1\ptexend}
  
  
  \message{pdf,}
  % adobe `portable' document format
  \newcount\tempnum
  \newcount\lnkcount
  \newtoks\filename
  \newcount\filenamelength
  \newcount\pgn
  \newtoks\toksA
  \newtoks\toksB
  \newtoks\toksC
  \newtoks\toksD
  \newbox\boxA
  \newcount\countA
  \newif\ifpdf
  \newif\ifpdfmakepagedest
  
  % when pdftex is run in dvi mode, \pdfoutput is defined (so \pdfoutput=1
  % can be set).  So we test for \relax and 0 as well as \undefined,
  % borrowed from ifpdf.sty.
  \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
  \else
    \ifx\pdfoutput\relax
    \else
      \ifcase\pdfoutput
      \else
        \pdftrue
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
  
  % PDF uses PostScript string constants for the names of xref targets,
  % for display in the outlines, and in other places.  Thus, we have to
  % double any backslashes.  Otherwise, a name like "\node" will be
  % interpreted as a newline (\n), followed by o, d, e.  Not good.
  % http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-July/000654.html
  % (and related messages, the final outcome is that it is up to the TeX
  % user to double the backslashes and otherwise make the string valid, so
  % that's what we do).
  
  % double active backslashes.
  % 
  {\catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\active
   @gdef@activebackslashdouble{%
     @catcode`@\=@active
     @let\=@doublebackslash}
  }
  
  % To handle parens, we must adopt a different approach, since parens are
  % not active characters.  hyperref.dtx (which has the same problem as
  % us) handles it with this amazing macro to replace tokens.  I've
  % tinkered with it a little for texinfo, but it's definitely from there.
  % 
  % #1 is the tokens to replace.
  % #2 is the replacement.
  % #3 is the control sequence with the string.
  % 
  \def\HyPsdSubst#1#2#3{%
    \def\HyPsdReplace##1#1##2\END{%
      ##1%
      \ifx\\##2\\%
      \else
        #2%
        \HyReturnAfterFi{%
          \HyPsdReplace##2\END
        }%
      \fi
    }%
    \xdef#3{\expandafter\HyPsdReplace#3#1\END}%
  }
  \long\def\HyReturnAfterFi#1\fi{\fi#1}
  
  % #1 is a control sequence in which to do the replacements.
  \def\backslashparens#1{%
    \xdef#1{#1}% redefine it as its expansion; the definition is simply
               % \lastnode when called from \setref -> \pdfmkdest.
    \HyPsdSubst{(}{\realbackslash(}{#1}%
    \HyPsdSubst{)}{\realbackslash)}{#1}%
  }
  
  \ifpdf
    \input pdfcolor
    \pdfcatalog{/PageMode /UseOutlines}%
    % #1 is image name, #2 width (might be empty/whitespace), #3 height (ditto).
    \def\dopdfimage#1#2#3{%
      \def\imagewidth{#2}\setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
      \def\imageheight{#3}\setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}%
      % without \immediate, pdftex seg faults when the same image is
      % included twice.  (Version 3.14159-pre-1.0-unofficial-20010704.)
      \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14
        \immediate\pdfimage
      \else
        \immediate\pdfximage
      \fi
        \ifdim \wd0 >0pt width \imagewidth \fi
        \ifdim \wd2 >0pt height \imageheight \fi
        \ifnum\pdftexversion<13
           #1.pdf%
         \else
           {#1.pdf}%
         \fi
      \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14 \else
        \pdfrefximage \pdflastximage
      \fi}
    \def\pdfmkdest#1{{%
      % We have to set dummies so commands such as @code, and characters
      % such as \, aren't expanded when present in a section title.
      \atdummies
      \activebackslashdouble
      \def\pdfdestname{#1}%
      \backslashparens\pdfdestname
      \pdfdest name{\pdfdestname} xyz%
    }}%
    %
    % used to mark target names; must be expandable.
    \def\pdfmkpgn#1{#1}%
    %
    \let\linkcolor = \Blue  % was Cyan, but that seems light?
    \def\endlink{\Black\pdfendlink}
    % Adding outlines to PDF; macros for calculating structure of outlines
    % come from Petr Olsak
    \def\expnumber#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax 0%
      \else \csname#1\endcsname \fi}
    \def\advancenumber#1{\tempnum=\expnumber{#1}\relax
      \advance\tempnum by 1
      \expandafter\xdef\csname#1\endcsname{\the\tempnum}}
    %
    % #1 is the section text, which is what will be displayed in the
    % outline by the pdf viewer.  #2 is the pdf expression for the number
    % of subentries (or empty, for subsubsections).  #3 is the node text,
    % which might be empty if this toc entry had no corresponding node.
    % #4 is the page number
    %
    \def\dopdfoutline#1#2#3#4{%
      % Generate a link to the node text if that exists; else, use the
      % page number.  We could generate a destination for the section
      % text in the case where a section has no node, but it doesn't
      % seem worth the trouble, since most documents are normally structured.
      \def\pdfoutlinedest{#3}%
      \ifx\pdfoutlinedest\empty
        \def\pdfoutlinedest{#4}%
      \else
        % Doubled backslashes in the name.
        {\activebackslashdouble \xdef\pdfoutlinedest{#3}%
         \backslashparens\pdfoutlinedest}%
      \fi
      %
      % Also double the backslashes in the display string.
      {\activebackslashdouble \xdef\pdfoutlinetext{#1}%
       \backslashparens\pdfoutlinetext}%
      %
      \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\pdfoutlinedest}}#2{\pdfoutlinetext}%
    }
    %
    \def\pdfmakeoutlines{%
      \begingroup
        % Thanh's hack / proper braces in bookmarks
        \edef\mylbrace{\iftrue \string{\else}\fi}\let\{=\mylbrace
        \edef\myrbrace{\iffalse{\else\string}\fi}\let\}=\myrbrace
        %
        % Read toc silently, to get counts of subentries for \pdfoutline.
        \def\numchapentry##1##2##3##4{%
  	\def\thischapnum{##2}%
  	\def\thissecnum{0}%
  	\def\thissubsecnum{0}%
        }%
        \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
  	\advancenumber{chap\thischapnum}%
  	\def\thissecnum{##2}%
  	\def\thissubsecnum{0}%
        }%
        \def\numsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
  	\advancenumber{sec\thissecnum}%
  	\def\thissubsecnum{##2}%
        }%
        \def\numsubsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
  	\advancenumber{subsec\thissubsecnum}%
        }%
        \def\thischapnum{0}%
        \def\thissecnum{0}%
        \def\thissubsecnum{0}%
        %
        % use \def rather than \let here because we redefine \chapentry et
        % al. a second time, below.
        \def\appentry{\numchapentry}%
        \def\appsecentry{\numsecentry}%
        \def\appsubsecentry{\numsubsecentry}%
        \def\appsubsubsecentry{\numsubsubsecentry}%
        \def\unnchapentry{\numchapentry}%
        \def\unnsecentry{\numsecentry}%
        \def\unnsubsecentry{\numsubsecentry}%
        \def\unnsubsubsecentry{\numsubsubsecentry}%
        \readdatafile{toc}%
        %
        % Read toc second time, this time actually producing the outlines.
        % The `-' means take the \expnumber as the absolute number of
        % subentries, which we calculated on our first read of the .toc above.
        %
        % We use the node names as the destinations.
        \def\numchapentry##1##2##3##4{%
          \dopdfoutline{##1}{count-\expnumber{chap##2}}{##3}{##4}}%
        \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
          \dopdfoutline{##1}{count-\expnumber{sec##2}}{##3}{##4}}%
        \def\numsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
          \dopdfoutline{##1}{count-\expnumber{subsec##2}}{##3}{##4}}%
        \def\numsubsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{% count is always zero
          \dopdfoutline{##1}{}{##3}{##4}}%
        %
        % PDF outlines are displayed using system fonts, instead of
        % document fonts.  Therefore we cannot use special characters,
        % since the encoding is unknown.  For example, the eogonek from
        % Latin 2 (0xea) gets translated to a | character.  Info from
        % Staszek Wawrykiewicz, 19 Jan 2004 04:09:24 +0100.
        %
        % xx to do this right, we have to translate 8-bit characters to
        % their "best" equivalent, based on the @documentencoding.  Right
        % now, I guess we'll just let the pdf reader have its way.
        \indexnofonts
        \setupdatafile
        \catcode`\\=\active \otherbackslash
        \input \jobname.toc
      \endgroup
    }
    %
    \def\skipspaces#1{\def\PP{#1}\def\D{|}%
      \ifx\PP\D\let\nextsp\relax
      \else\let\nextsp\skipspaces
        \ifx\p\space\else\addtokens{\filename}{\PP}%
          \advance\filenamelength by 1
        \fi
      \fi
      \nextsp}
    \def\getfilename#1{\filenamelength=0\expandafter\skipspaces#1|\relax}
    \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14
      \let \startlink \pdfannotlink
    \else
      \let \startlink \pdfstartlink
    \fi
    % make a live url in pdf output.
    \def\pdfurl#1{%
      \begingroup
        % it seems we really need yet another set of dummies; have not
        % tried to figure out what each command should do in the context
        % of @url.  for now, just make @/ a no-op, that's the only one
        % people have actually reported a problem with.
        % 
        \normalturnoffactive
        \def\@{@}%
        \let\/=\empty
        \makevalueexpandable
        \leavevmode\Red
        \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
          user{/Subtype /Link /A << /S /URI /URI (#1) >>}%
      \endgroup}
    \def\pdfgettoks#1.{\setbox\boxA=\hbox{\toksA={#1.}\toksB={}\maketoks}}
    \def\addtokens#1#2{\edef\addtoks{\noexpand#1={\the#1#2}}\addtoks}
    \def\adn#1{\addtokens{\toksC}{#1}\global\countA=1\let\next=\maketoks}
    \def\poptoks#1#2|ENDTOKS|{\let\first=#1\toksD={#1}\toksA={#2}}
    \def\maketoks{%
      \expandafter\poptoks\the\toksA|ENDTOKS|\relax
      \ifx\first0\adn0
      \else\ifx\first1\adn1 \else\ifx\first2\adn2 \else\ifx\first3\adn3
      \else\ifx\first4\adn4 \else\ifx\first5\adn5 \else\ifx\first6\adn6
      \else\ifx\first7\adn7 \else\ifx\first8\adn8 \else\ifx\first9\adn9
      \else
        \ifnum0=\countA\else\makelink\fi
        \ifx\first.\let\next=\done\else
          \let\next=\maketoks
          \addtokens{\toksB}{\the\toksD}
          \ifx\first,\addtokens{\toksB}{\space}\fi
        \fi
      \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
      \next}
    \def\makelink{\addtokens{\toksB}%
      {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countA=0}
    \def\pdflink#1{%
      \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]} goto name{\pdfmkpgn{#1}}
      \linkcolor #1\endlink}
    \def\done{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st}
  \else
    \let\pdfmkdest = \gobble
    \let\pdfurl = \gobble
    \let\endlink = \relax
    \let\linkcolor = \relax
    \let\pdfmakeoutlines = \relax
  \fi  % \ifx\pdfoutput
  
  
  \message{fonts,}
  
  % Change the current font style to #1, remembering it in \curfontstyle.
  % For now, we do not accumulate font styles: @b{@i{foo}} prints foo in
  % italics, not bold italics.
  %
  \def\setfontstyle#1{%
    \def\curfontstyle{#1}% not as a control sequence, because we are \edef'd.
    \csname ten#1\endcsname  % change the current font
  }
  
  % Select #1 fonts with the current style.
  %
  \def\selectfonts#1{\csname #1fonts\endcsname \csname\curfontstyle\endcsname}
  
  \def\rm{\fam=0 \setfontstyle{rm}}
  \def\it{\fam=\itfam \setfontstyle{it}}
  \def\sl{\fam=\slfam \setfontstyle{sl}}
  \def\bf{\fam=\bffam \setfontstyle{bf}}\def\bfstylename{bf}
  \def\tt{\fam=\ttfam \setfontstyle{tt}}
  
  % Texinfo sort of supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not.
  % So we set up a \sf.
  \newfam\sffam
  \def\sf{\fam=\sffam \setfontstyle{sf}}
  \let\li = \sf % Sometimes we call it \li, not \sf.
  
  % We don't need math for this font style.
  \def\ttsl{\setfontstyle{ttsl}}
  
  
  % Default leading.
  \newdimen\textleading  \textleading = 13.2pt
  
  % Set the baselineskip to #1, and the lineskip and strut size
  % correspondingly.  There is no deep meaning behind these magic numbers
  % used as factors; they just match (closely enough) what Knuth defined.
  %
  \def\lineskipfactor{.08333}
  \def\strutheightpercent{.70833}
  \def\strutdepthpercent {.29167}
  %
  \def\setleading#1{%
    \normalbaselineskip = #1\relax
    \normallineskip = \lineskipfactor\normalbaselineskip
    \normalbaselines
    \setbox\strutbox =\hbox{%
      \vrule width0pt height\strutheightpercent\baselineskip
                      depth \strutdepthpercent \baselineskip
    }%
  }
  
  
  % Set the font macro #1 to the font named #2, adding on the
  % specified font prefix (normally `cm').
  % #3 is the font's design size, #4 is a scale factor
  \def\setfont#1#2#3#4{\font#1=\fontprefix#2#3 scaled #4}
  
  
  % Use cm as the default font prefix.
  % To specify the font prefix, you must define \fontprefix
  % before you read in texinfo.tex.
  \ifx\fontprefix\undefined
  \def\fontprefix{cm}
  \fi
  % Support font families that don't use the same naming scheme as CM.
  \def\rmshape{r}
  \def\rmbshape{bx}               %where the normal face is bold
  \def\bfshape{b}
  \def\bxshape{bx}
  \def\ttshape{tt}
  \def\ttbshape{tt}
  \def\ttslshape{sltt}
  \def\itshape{ti}
  \def\itbshape{bxti}
  \def\slshape{sl}
  \def\slbshape{bxsl}
  \def\sfshape{ss}
  \def\sfbshape{ss}
  \def\scshape{csc}
  \def\scbshape{csc}
  
  % Definitions for a main text size of 11pt.  This is the default in
  % Texinfo.
  % 
  \def\definetextfontsizexi{
  % Text fonts (11.2pt, magstep1).
  \def\textnominalsize{11pt}
  \edef\mainmagstep{\magstephalf}
  \setfont\textrm\rmshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\texttt\ttshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textbf\bfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textit\itshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textsl\slshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textsf\sfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textsc\scshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textttsl\ttslshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep
  \font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep
  
  % A few fonts for @defun names and args.
  \setfont\defbf\bfshape{10}{\magstep1}
  \setfont\deftt\ttshape{10}{\magstep1}
  \setfont\defttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep1}
  \def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \let\tenttsl=\defttsl \bf}
  
  % Fonts for indices, footnotes, small examples (9pt).
  \def\smallnominalsize{9pt}
  \setfont\smallrm\rmshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smalltt\ttshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smallbf\bfshape{10}{900}
  \setfont\smallit\itshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smallsl\slshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smallsf\sfshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smallsc\scshape{10}{900}
  \setfont\smallttsl\ttslshape{10}{900}
  \font\smalli=cmmi9
  \font\smallsy=cmsy9
  
  % Fonts for small examples (8pt).
  \def\smallernominalsize{8pt}
  \setfont\smallerrm\rmshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallertt\ttshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallerbf\bfshape{10}{800}
  \setfont\smallerit\itshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallersl\slshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallersf\sfshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallersc\scshape{10}{800}
  \setfont\smallerttsl\ttslshape{10}{800}
  \font\smalleri=cmmi8
  \font\smallersy=cmsy8
  
  % Fonts for title page (20.4pt):
  \def\titlenominalsize{20pt}
  \setfont\titlerm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep3}
  \setfont\titleit\itbshape{10}{\magstep4}
  \setfont\titlesl\slbshape{10}{\magstep4}
  \setfont\titlett\ttbshape{12}{\magstep3}
  \setfont\titlettsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep4}
  \setfont\titlesf\sfbshape{17}{\magstep1}
  \let\titlebf=\titlerm
  \setfont\titlesc\scbshape{10}{\magstep4}
  \font\titlei=cmmi12 scaled \magstep3
  \font\titlesy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep4
  \def\authorrm{\secrm}
  \def\authortt{\sectt}
  
  % Chapter (and unnumbered) fonts (17.28pt).
  \def\chapnominalsize{17pt}
  \setfont\chaprm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep2}
  \setfont\chapit\itbshape{10}{\magstep3}
  \setfont\chapsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep3}
  \setfont\chaptt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep2}
  \setfont\chapttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep3}
  \setfont\chapsf\sfbshape{17}{1000}
  \let\chapbf=\chaprm
  \setfont\chapsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep3}
  \font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep2
  \font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep3
  
  % Section fonts (14.4pt).
  \def\secnominalsize{14pt}
  \setfont\secrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep1}
  \setfont\secit\itbshape{10}{\magstep2}
  \setfont\secsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep2}
  \setfont\sectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep1}
  \setfont\secttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep2}
  \setfont\secsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstep1}
  \let\secbf\secrm
  \setfont\secsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep2}
  \font\seci=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1
  \font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2
  
  % Subsection fonts (13.15pt).
  \def\ssecnominalsize{13pt}
  \setfont\ssecrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
  \setfont\ssecit\itbshape{10}{1315}
  \setfont\ssecsl\slbshape{10}{1315}
  \setfont\ssectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
  \setfont\ssecttsl\ttslshape{10}{1315}
  \setfont\ssecsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
  \let\ssecbf\ssecrm
  \setfont\ssecsc\scbshape{10}{1315}
  \font\sseci=cmmi12 scaled \magstephalf
  \font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled 1315
  
  % Reduced fonts for @acro in text (10pt).
  \def\reducednominalsize{10pt}
  \setfont\reducedrm\rmshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedtt\ttshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedbf\bfshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedit\itshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedsl\slshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedsf\sfshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedsc\scshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedttsl\ttslshape{10}{1000}
  \font\reducedi=cmmi10
  \font\reducedsy=cmsy10
  
  % reset the current fonts
  \textfonts
  \rm
  } % end of 11pt text font size definitions
  
  
  % Definitions to make the main text be 10pt Computer Modern, with
  % section, chapter, etc., sizes following suit.  This is for the GNU
  % Press printing of the Emacs 22 manual.  Maybe other manuals in the
  % future.  Used with @smallbook, which sets the leading to 12pt.
  % 
  \def\definetextfontsizex{%
  % Text fonts (10pt).
  \def\textnominalsize{10pt}
  \edef\mainmagstep{1000}
  \setfont\textrm\rmshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\texttt\ttshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textbf\bfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textit\itshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textsl\slshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textsf\sfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textsc\scshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \setfont\textttsl\ttslshape{10}{\mainmagstep}
  \font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep
  \font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep
  
  % A few fonts for @defun names and args.
  \setfont\defbf\bfshape{10}{\magstephalf}
  \setfont\deftt\ttshape{10}{\magstephalf}
  \setfont\defttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstephalf}
  \def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \let\tenttsl=\defttsl \bf}
  
  % Fonts for indices, footnotes, small examples (9pt).
  \def\smallnominalsize{9pt}
  \setfont\smallrm\rmshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smalltt\ttshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smallbf\bfshape{10}{900}
  \setfont\smallit\itshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smallsl\slshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smallsf\sfshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\smallsc\scshape{10}{900}
  \setfont\smallttsl\ttslshape{10}{900}
  \font\smalli=cmmi9
  \font\smallsy=cmsy9
  
  % Fonts for small examples (8pt).
  \def\smallernominalsize{8pt}
  \setfont\smallerrm\rmshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallertt\ttshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallerbf\bfshape{10}{800}
  \setfont\smallerit\itshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallersl\slshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallersf\sfshape{8}{1000}
  \setfont\smallersc\scshape{10}{800}
  \setfont\smallerttsl\ttslshape{10}{800}
  \font\smalleri=cmmi8
  \font\smallersy=cmsy8
  
  % Fonts for title page (20.4pt):
  \def\titlenominalsize{20pt}
  \setfont\titlerm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep3}
  \setfont\titleit\itbshape{10}{\magstep4}
  \setfont\titlesl\slbshape{10}{\magstep4}
  \setfont\titlett\ttbshape{12}{\magstep3}
  \setfont\titlettsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep4}
  \setfont\titlesf\sfbshape{17}{\magstep1}
  \let\titlebf=\titlerm
  \setfont\titlesc\scbshape{10}{\magstep4}
  \font\titlei=cmmi12 scaled \magstep3
  \font\titlesy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep4
  \def\authorrm{\secrm}
  \def\authortt{\sectt}
  
  % Chapter fonts (14.4pt).
  \def\chapnominalsize{14pt}
  \setfont\chaprm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep1}
  \setfont\chapit\itbshape{10}{\magstep2}
  \setfont\chapsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep2}
  \setfont\chaptt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep1}
  \setfont\chapttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep2}
  \setfont\chapsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstep1}
  \let\chapbf\chaprm
  \setfont\chapsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep2}
  \font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1
  \font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2
  
  % Section fonts (12pt).
  \def\secnominalsize{12pt}
  \setfont\secrm\rmbshape{12}{1000}
  \setfont\secit\itbshape{10}{\magstep1}
  \setfont\secsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep1}
  \setfont\sectt\ttbshape{12}{1000}
  \setfont\secttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep1}
  \setfont\secsf\sfbshape{12}{1000}
  \let\secbf\secrm
  \setfont\secsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep1}
  \font\seci=cmmi12 
  \font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep1
  
  % Subsection fonts (10pt).
  \def\ssecnominalsize{10pt}
  \setfont\ssecrm\rmbshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\ssecit\itbshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\ssecsl\slbshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\ssectt\ttbshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\ssecttsl\ttslshape{10}{1000}
  \setfont\ssecsf\sfbshape{10}{1000}
  \let\ssecbf\ssecrm
  \setfont\ssecsc\scbshape{10}{1000}
  \font\sseci=cmmi10
  \font\ssecsy=cmsy10
  
  % Reduced fonts for @acro in text (9pt).
  \def\reducednominalsize{9pt}
  \setfont\reducedrm\rmshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedtt\ttshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedbf\bfshape{10}{900}
  \setfont\reducedit\itshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedsl\slshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedsf\sfshape{9}{1000}
  \setfont\reducedsc\scshape{10}{900}
  \setfont\reducedttsl\ttslshape{10}{900}
  \font\reducedi=cmmi9
  \font\reducedsy=cmsy9
  
  % reduce space between paragraphs
  \divide\parskip by 2
  
  % reset the current fonts
  \textfonts
  \rm
  } % end of 10pt text font size definitions
  
  
  % We provide the user-level command
  %   @fonttextsize 10
  % (or 11) to redefine the text font size.  pt is assumed.
  % 
  \def\xword{10}
  \def\xiword{11}
  %
  \parseargdef\fonttextsize{%
    \def\textsizearg{#1}%
    \wlog{doing @fonttextsize \textsizearg}%
    %
    % Set \globaldefs so that documents can use this inside @tex, since
    % makeinfo 4.8 does not support it, but we need it nonetheless.
    % 
   \begingroup \globaldefs=1
    \ifx\textsizearg\xword \definetextfontsizex
    \else \ifx\textsizearg\xiword \definetextfontsizexi
    \else
      \errhelp=\EMsimple
      \errmessage{@fonttextsize only supports `10' or `11', not `\textsizearg'}
    \fi\fi
   \endgroup
  }
  
  
  % In order for the font changes to affect most math symbols and letters,
  % we have to define the \textfont of the standard families.  Since
  % texinfo doesn't allow for producing subscripts and superscripts except
  % in the main text, we don't bother to reset \scriptfont and
  % \scriptscriptfont (which would also require loading a lot more fonts).
  %
  \def\resetmathfonts{%
    \textfont0=\tenrm \textfont1=\teni \textfont2=\tensy
    \textfont\itfam=\tenit \textfont\slfam=\tensl \textfont\bffam=\tenbf
    \textfont\ttfam=\tentt \textfont\sffam=\tensf
  }
  
  % The font-changing commands redefine the meanings of \tenSTYLE, instead
  % of just \STYLE.  We do this because \STYLE needs to also set the
  % current \fam for math mode.  Our \STYLE (e.g., \rm) commands hardwire
  % \tenSTYLE to set the current font.
  %
  % Each font-changing command also sets the names \lsize (one size lower)
  % and \lllsize (three sizes lower).  These relative commands are used in
  % the LaTeX logo and acronyms.
  %
  % This all needs generalizing, badly.
  %
  \def\textfonts{%
    \let\tenrm=\textrm \let\tenit=\textit \let\tensl=\textsl
    \let\tenbf=\textbf \let\tentt=\texttt \let\smallcaps=\textsc
    \let\tensf=\textsf \let\teni=\texti \let\tensy=\textsy
    \let\tenttsl=\textttsl
    \def\curfontsize{text}%
    \def\lsize{reduced}\def\lllsize{smaller}%
    \resetmathfonts \setleading{\textleading}}
  \def\titlefonts{%
    \let\tenrm=\titlerm \let\tenit=\titleit \let\tensl=\titlesl
    \let\tenbf=\titlebf \let\tentt=\titlett \let\smallcaps=\titlesc
    \let\tensf=\titlesf \let\teni=\titlei \let\tensy=\titlesy
    \let\tenttsl=\titlettsl
    \def\curfontsize{title}%
    \def\lsize{chap}\def\lllsize{subsec}%
    \resetmathfonts \setleading{25pt}}
  \def\titlefont#1{{\titlefonts\rm #1}}
  \def\chapfonts{%
    \let\tenrm=\chaprm \let\tenit=\chapit \let\tensl=\chapsl
    \let\tenbf=\chapbf \let\tentt=\chaptt \let\smallcaps=\chapsc
    \let\tensf=\chapsf \let\teni=\chapi \let\tensy=\chapsy
    \let\tenttsl=\chapttsl
    \def\curfontsize{chap}%
    \def\lsize{sec}\def\lllsize{text}%
    \resetmathfonts \setleading{19pt}}
  \def\secfonts{%
    \let\tenrm=\secrm \let\tenit=\secit \let\tensl=\secsl
    \let\tenbf=\secbf \let\tentt=\sectt \let\smallcaps=\secsc
    \let\tensf=\secsf \let\teni=\seci \let\tensy=\secsy
    \let\tenttsl=\secttsl
    \def\curfontsize{sec}%
    \def\lsize{subsec}\def\lllsize{reduced}%
    \resetmathfonts \setleading{16pt}}
  \def\subsecfonts{%
    \let\tenrm=\ssecrm \let\tenit=\ssecit \let\tensl=\ssecsl
    \let\tenbf=\ssecbf \let\tentt=\ssectt \let\smallcaps=\ssecsc
    \let\tensf=\ssecsf \let\teni=\sseci \let\tensy=\ssecsy
    \let\tenttsl=\ssecttsl
    \def\curfontsize{ssec}%
    \def\lsize{text}\def\lllsize{small}%
    \resetmathfonts \setleading{15pt}}
  \let\subsubsecfonts = \subsecfonts
  \def\reducedfonts{%
    \let\tenrm=\reducedrm \let\tenit=\reducedit \let\tensl=\reducedsl
    \let\tenbf=\reducedbf \let\tentt=\reducedtt \let\reducedcaps=\reducedsc
    \let\tensf=\reducedsf \let\teni=\reducedi \let\tensy=\reducedsy
    \let\tenttsl=\reducedttsl
    \def\curfontsize{reduced}%
    \def\lsize{small}\def\lllsize{smaller}%
    \resetmathfonts \setleading{10.5pt}}
  \def\smallfonts{%
    \let\tenrm=\smallrm \let\tenit=\smallit \let\tensl=\smallsl
    \let\tenbf=\smallbf \let\tentt=\smalltt \let\smallcaps=\smallsc
    \let\tensf=\smallsf \let\teni=\smalli \let\tensy=\smallsy
    \let\tenttsl=\smallttsl
    \def\curfontsize{small}%
    \def\lsize{smaller}\def\lllsize{smaller}%
    \resetmathfonts \setleading{10.5pt}}
  \def\smallerfonts{%
    \let\tenrm=\smallerrm \let\tenit=\smallerit \let\tensl=\smallersl
    \let\tenbf=\smallerbf \let\tentt=\smallertt \let\smallcaps=\smallersc
    \let\tensf=\smallersf \let\teni=\smalleri \let\tensy=\smallersy
    \let\tenttsl=\smallerttsl
    \def\curfontsize{smaller}%
    \def\lsize{smaller}\def\lllsize{smaller}%
    \resetmathfonts \setleading{9.5pt}}
  
  % Set the fonts to use with the @small... environments.
  \let\smallexamplefonts = \smallfonts
  
  % About \smallexamplefonts.  If we use \smallfonts (9pt), @smallexample
  % can fit this many characters:
  %   8.5x11=86   smallbook=72  a4=90  a5=69
  % If we use \scriptfonts (8pt), then we can fit this many characters:
  %   8.5x11=90+  smallbook=80  a4=90+  a5=77
  % For me, subjectively, the few extra characters that fit aren't worth
  % the additional smallness of 8pt.  So I'm making the default 9pt.
  %
  % By the way, for comparison, here's what fits with @example (10pt):
  %   8.5x11=71  smallbook=60  a4=75  a5=58
  %
  % I wish the USA used A4 paper.
  % --karl, 24jan03.
  
  
  % Set up the default fonts, so we can use them for creating boxes.
  %
  \definetextfontsizexi
  
  % Define these so they can be easily changed for other fonts.
  \def\angleleft{$\langle$}
  \def\angleright{$\rangle$}
  
  % Count depth in font-changes, for error checks
  \newcount\fontdepth \fontdepth=0
  
  % Fonts for short table of contents.
  \setfont\shortcontrm\rmshape{12}{1000}
  \setfont\shortcontbf\bfshape{10}{\magstep1}  % no cmb12
  \setfont\shortcontsl\slshape{12}{1000}
  \setfont\shortconttt\ttshape{12}{1000}
  
  %% Add scribe-like font environments, plus @l for inline lisp (usually sans
  %% serif) and @ii for TeX italic
  
  % \smartitalic{ARG} outputs arg in italics, followed by an italic correction
  % unless the following character is such as not to need one.
  \def\smartitalicx{\ifx\next,\else\ifx\next-\else\ifx\next.\else
                      \ptexslash\fi\fi\fi}
  \def\smartslanted#1{{\ifusingtt\ttsl\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
  \def\smartitalic#1{{\ifusingtt\ttsl\it #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
  
  % like \smartslanted except unconditionally uses \ttsl.
  % @var is set to this for defun arguments.
  \def\ttslanted#1{{\ttsl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
  
  % like \smartslanted except unconditionally use \sl.  We never want
  % ttsl for book titles, do we?
  \def\cite#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
  
  \let\i=\smartitalic
  \let\slanted=\smartslanted
  \let\var=\smartslanted
  \let\dfn=\smartslanted
  \let\emph=\smartitalic
  
  % @b, explicit bold.
  \def\b#1{{\bf #1}}
  \let\strong=\b
  
  % @sansserif, explicit sans.
  \def\sansserif#1{{\sf #1}}
  
  % We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at
  % the end of a paragraph.  Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the
  % group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called.
  %
  \def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1  \aftergroup\restorehyphenation}
  \def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- }
  
  % Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value.
  % Can't use plain's \frenchspacing because it uses the `\x notation, and
  % sometimes \x has an active definition that messes things up.
  %
  \catcode`@=11
    \def\plainfrenchspacing{%
      \sfcode\dotChar  =\@m \sfcode\questChar=\@m \sfcode\exclamChar=\@m
      \sfcode\colonChar=\@m \sfcode\semiChar =\@m \sfcode\commaChar =\@m
      \def\endofsentencespacefactor{1000}% for @. and friends
    }
    \def\plainnonfrenchspacing{%
      \sfcode`\.3000\sfcode`\?3000\sfcode`\!3000
      \sfcode`\:2000\sfcode`\;1500\sfcode`\,1250
      \def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% for @. and friends
    }
  \catcode`@=\other
  \def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% default
  
  \def\t#1{%
    {\tt \rawbackslash \plainfrenchspacing #1}%
    \null
  }
  \def\samp#1{`\tclose{#1}'\null}
  \setfont\keyrm\rmshape{8}{1000}
  \font\keysy=cmsy9
  \def\key#1{{\keyrm\textfont2=\keysy \leavevmode\hbox{%
    \raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleleft}\kern-.08em\vtop{%
      \vbox{\hrule\kern-0.4pt
       \hbox{\raise0.4pt\hbox{\vphantom{\angleleft}}#1}}%
      \kern-0.4pt\hrule}%
    \kern-.06em\raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleright}}}}
  % The old definition, with no lozenge:
  %\def\key #1{{\ttsl \nohyphenation \uppercase{#1}}\null}
  \def\ctrl #1{{\tt \rawbackslash \hat}#1}
  
  % @file, @option are the same as @samp.
  \let\file=\samp
  \let\option=\samp
  
  % @code is a modification of @t,
  % which makes spaces the same size as normal in the surrounding text.
  \def\tclose#1{%
    {%
      % Change normal interword space to be same as for the current font.
      \spaceskip = \fontdimen2\font
      %
      % Switch to typewriter.
      \tt
      %
      % But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space.
      \def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}%
      %
      % Turn off hyphenation.
      \nohyphenation
      %
      \rawbackslash
      \plainfrenchspacing
      #1%
    }%
    \null
  }
  
  % We *must* turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in @code.
  % Otherwise, it is too hard to avoid overfull hboxes
  % in the Emacs manual, the Library manual, etc.
  
  % Unfortunately, TeX uses one parameter (\hyphenchar) to control
  % both hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words.
  % We must therefore turn them both off (\tclose does that)
  % and arrange explicitly to hyphenate at a dash.
  %  -- rms.
  {
    \catcode`\-=\active \catcode`\_=\active
    \catcode`\'=\active \catcode`\`=\active
    %
    \global\def\code{\begingroup
      \catcode\rquoteChar=\active \catcode\lquoteChar=\active
      \let'\codequoteright \let`\codequoteleft
      %
      \catcode\dashChar=\active  \catcode\underChar=\active
      \ifallowcodebreaks
       \let-\codedash
       \let_\codeunder
      \else
       \let-\realdash
       \let_\realunder
      \fi
      \codex
    }
  }
  
  \def\realdash{-}
  \def\codedash{-\discretionary{}{}{}}
  \def\codeunder{%
    % this is all so @math{@code{var_name}+1} can work.  In math mode, _
    % is "active" (mathcode"8000) and \normalunderscore (or \char95, etc.)
    % will therefore expand the active definition of _, which is us
    % (inside @code that is), therefore an endless loop.
    \ifusingtt{\ifmmode
                 \mathchar"075F % class 0=ordinary, family 7=ttfam, pos 0x5F=_.
               \else\normalunderscore \fi
               \discretionary{}{}{}}%
              {\_}%
  }
  \def\codex #1{\tclose{#1}\endgroup}
  
  % An additional complication: the above will allow breaks after, e.g.,
  % each of the four underscores in __typeof__.  This is undesirable in
  % some manuals, especially if they don't have long identifiers in
  % general.  @allowcodebreaks provides a way to control this.
  % 
  \newif\ifallowcodebreaks  \allowcodebreakstrue
  
  \def\keywordtrue{true}
  \def\keywordfalse{false}
  
  \parseargdef\allowcodebreaks{%
    \def\txiarg{#1}%
    \ifx\txiarg\keywordtrue
      \allowcodebreakstrue
    \else\ifx\txiarg\keywordfalse
      \allowcodebreaksfalse
    \else
      \errhelp = \EMsimple
      \errmessage{Unknown @allowcodebreaks option `\txiarg'}%
    \fi\fi
  }
  
  % @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command,
  % then @kbd has no effect.
  
  % @kbdinputstyle -- arg is `distinct' (@kbd uses slanted tty font always),
  %   `example' (@kbd uses ttsl only inside of @example and friends),
  %   or `code' (@kbd uses normal tty font always).
  \parseargdef\kbdinputstyle{%
    \def\txiarg{#1}%
    \ifx\txiarg\worddistinct
      \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\ttsl}%
    \else\ifx\txiarg\wordexample
      \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}%
    \else\ifx\txiarg\wordcode
      \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\tt}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}%
    \else
      \errhelp = \EMsimple
      \errmessage{Unknown @kbdinputstyle option `\txiarg'}%
    \fi\fi\fi
  }
  \def\worddistinct{distinct}
  \def\wordexample{example}
  \def\wordcode{code}
  
  % Default is `distinct.'
  \kbdinputstyle distinct
  
  \def\xkey{\key}
  \def\kbdfoo#1#2#3\par{\def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}%
  \ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}%
  \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi
  \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi}
  
  % For @indicateurl, @env, @command quotes seem unnecessary, so use \code.
  \let\indicateurl=\code
  \let\env=\code
  \let\command=\code
  
  % @uref (abbreviation for `urlref') takes an optional (comma-separated)
  % second argument specifying the text to display and an optional third
  % arg as text to display instead of (rather than in addition to) the url
  % itself.  First (mandatory) arg is the url.  Perhaps eventually put in
  % a hypertex \special here.
  %
  \def\uref#1{\douref #1,,,\finish}
  \def\douref#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{\begingroup
    \unsepspaces
    \pdfurl{#1}%
    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}%
    \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
      \unhbox0 % third arg given, show only that
    \else
      \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
      \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
        \ifpdf
          \unhbox0             % PDF: 2nd arg given, show only it
        \else
          \unhbox0\ (\code{#1})% DVI: 2nd arg given, show both it and url
        \fi
      \else
        \code{#1}% only url given, so show it
      \fi
    \fi
    \endlink
  \endgroup}
  
  % @url synonym for @uref, since that's how everyone uses it.
  %
  \let\url=\uref
  
  % rms does not like angle brackets --karl, 17may97.
  % So now @email is just like @uref, unless we are pdf.
  %
  %\def\email#1{\angleleft{\tt #1}\angleright}
  \ifpdf
    \def\email#1{\doemail#1,,\finish}
    \def\doemail#1,#2,#3\finish{\begingroup
      \unsepspaces
      \pdfurl{mailto:#1}%
      \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
      \ifdim\wd0>0pt\unhbox0\else\code{#1}\fi
      \endlink
    \endgroup}
  \else
    \let\email=\uref
  \fi
  
  % Check if we are currently using a typewriter font.  Since all the
  % Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero interword stretch (and
  % shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all typewriter fonts to have
  % this property, we can check that font parameter.
  %
  \def\ifmonospace{\ifdim\fontdimen3\font=0pt }
  
  % Typeset a dimension, e.g., `in' or `pt'.  The only reason for the
  % argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of @dmn{}pt.
  %
  \def\dmn#1{\thinspace #1}
  
  \def\kbd#1{\def\look{#1}\expandafter\kbdfoo\look??\par}
  
  % @l was never documented to mean ``switch to the Lisp font'',
  % and it is not used as such in any manual I can find.  We need it for
  % Polish suppressed-l.  --karl, 22sep96.
  %\def\l#1{{\li #1}\null}
  
  % Explicit font changes: @r, @sc, undocumented @ii.
  \def\r#1{{\rm #1}}              % roman font
  \def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}}       % smallcaps font
  \def\ii#1{{\it #1}}             % italic font
  
  % @acronym for "FBI", "NATO", and the like.
  % We print this one point size smaller, since it's intended for
  % all-uppercase.
  % 
  \def\acronym#1{\doacronym #1,,\finish}
  \def\doacronym#1,#2,#3\finish{%
    {\selectfonts\lsize #1}%
    \def\temp{#2}%
    \ifx\temp\empty \else
      \space ({\unsepspaces \ignorespaces \temp \unskip})%
    \fi
  }
  
  % @abbr for "Comput. J." and the like.
  % No font change, but don't do end-of-sentence spacing.
  % 
  \def\abbr#1{\doabbr #1,,\finish}
  \def\doabbr#1,#2,#3\finish{%
    {\plainfrenchspacing #1}%
    \def\temp{#2}%
    \ifx\temp\empty \else
      \space ({\unsepspaces \ignorespaces \temp \unskip})%
    \fi
  }
  
  % @pounds{} is a sterling sign, which Knuth put in the CM italic font.
  %
  \def\pounds{{\it\$}}
  
  % @euro{} comes from a separate font, depending on the current style.
  % We use the free feym* fonts from the eurosym package by Henrik
  % Theiling, which support regular, slanted, bold and bold slanted (and
  % "outlined" (blackboard board, sort of) versions, which we don't need).
  % It is available from http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/eurosym.
  % 
  % Although only regular is the truly official Euro symbol, we ignore
  % that.  The Euro is designed to be slightly taller than the regular
  % font height.
  % 
  % feymr - regular
  % feymo - slanted
  % feybr - bold
  % feybo - bold slanted
  % 
  % There is no good (free) typewriter version, to my knowledge.
  % A feymr10 euro is ~7.3pt wide, while a normal cmtt10 char is ~5.25pt wide.
  % Hmm.
  % 
  % Also doesn't work in math.  Do we need to do math with euro symbols?
  % Hope not.
  % 
  % 
  \def\euro{{\eurofont e}}
  \def\eurofont{%
    % We set the font at each command, rather than predefining it in
    % \textfonts and the other font-switching commands, so that
    % installations which never need the symbol don't have to have the
    % font installed.
    % 
    % There is only one designed size (nominal 10pt), so we always scale
    % that to the current nominal size.
    % 
    % By the way, simply using "at 1em" works for cmr10 and the like, but
    % does not work for cmbx10 and other extended/shrunken fonts.
    % 
    \def\eurosize{\csname\curfontsize nominalsize\endcsname}%
    %
    \ifx\curfontstyle\bfstylename 
      % bold:
      \font\thiseurofont = \ifusingit{feybo10}{feybr10} at \eurosize
    \else 
      % regular:
      \font\thiseurofont = \ifusingit{feymo10}{feymr10} at \eurosize
    \fi
    \thiseurofont
  }
  
  % @registeredsymbol - R in a circle.  The font for the R should really
  % be smaller yet, but lllsize is the best we can do for now.
  % Adapted from the plain.tex definition of \copyright.
  %
  \def\registeredsymbol{%
    $^{{\ooalign{\hfil\raise.07ex\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize R}%
                 \hfil\crcr\Orb}}%
      }$%
  }
  
  % @textdegree - the normal degrees sign.
  %
  \def\textdegree{$^\circ$}
  
  % Laurent Siebenmann reports \Orb undefined with:
  %  Textures 1.7.7 (preloaded format=plain 93.10.14)  (68K)  16 APR 2004 02:38
  % so we'll define it if necessary.
  % 
  \ifx\Orb\undefined
  \def\Orb{\mathhexbox20D}
  \fi
  
  
  \message{page headings,}
  
  \newskip\titlepagetopglue \titlepagetopglue = 1.5in
  \newskip\titlepagebottomglue \titlepagebottomglue = 2pc
  
  % First the title page.  Must do @settitle before @titlepage.
  \newif\ifseenauthor
  \newif\iffinishedtitlepage
  
  % Do an implicit @contents or @shortcontents after @end titlepage if the
  % user says @setcontentsaftertitlepage or @setshortcontentsaftertitlepage.
  %
  \newif\ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage
   \let\setcontentsaftertitlepage = \setcontentsaftertitlepagetrue
  \newif\ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage
   \let\setshortcontentsaftertitlepage = \setshortcontentsaftertitlepagetrue
  
  \parseargdef\shorttitlepage{\begingroup\hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}%
          \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page}
  
  \envdef\titlepage{%
    % Open one extra group, as we want to close it in the middle of \Etitlepage.
    \begingroup
      \parindent=0pt \textfonts
      % Leave some space at the very top of the page.
      \vglue\titlepagetopglue
      % No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title.
      \finishedtitlepagetrue
      %
      % Most title ``pages'' are actually two pages long, with space
      % at the top of the second.  We don't want the ragged left on the second.
      \let\oldpage = \page
      \def\page{%
        \iffinishedtitlepage\else
  	 \finishtitlepage
        \fi
        \let\page = \oldpage
        \page
        \null
      }%
  }
  
  \def\Etitlepage{%
      \iffinishedtitlepage\else
  	\finishtitlepage
      \fi
      % It is important to do the page break before ending the group,
      % because the headline and footline are only empty inside the group.
      % If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page
      % after the title page, which we certainly don't want.
      \oldpage
    \endgroup
    %
    % Need this before the \...aftertitlepage checks so that if they are
    % in effect the toc pages will come out with page numbers.
    \HEADINGSon
    %
    % If they want short, they certainly want long too.
    \ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage
      \shortcontents
      \contents
      \global\let\shortcontents = \relax
      \global\let\contents = \relax
    \fi
    %
    \ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage
      \contents
      \global\let\contents = \relax
      \global\let\shortcontents = \relax
    \fi
  }
  
  \def\finishtitlepage{%
    \vskip4pt \hrule height 2pt width \hsize
    \vskip\titlepagebottomglue
    \finishedtitlepagetrue
  }
  
  %%% Macros to be used within @titlepage:
  
  \let\subtitlerm=\tenrm
  \def\subtitlefont{\subtitlerm \normalbaselineskip = 13pt \normalbaselines}
  
  \def\authorfont{\authorrm \normalbaselineskip = 16pt \normalbaselines
  		\let\tt=\authortt}
  
  \parseargdef\title{%
    \checkenv\titlepage
    \leftline{\titlefonts\rm #1}
    % print a rule at the page bottom also.
    \finishedtitlepagefalse
    \vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt width \hsize \vskip4pt
  }
  
  \parseargdef\subtitle{%
    \checkenv\titlepage
    {\subtitlefont \rightline{#1}}%
  }
  
  % @author should come last, but may come many times.
  % It can also be used inside @quotation.
  %
  \parseargdef\author{%
    \def\temp{\quotation}%
    \ifx\thisenv\temp
      \def\quotationauthor{#1}% printed in \Equotation.
    \else
      \checkenv\titlepage
      \ifseenauthor\else \vskip 0pt plus 1filll \seenauthortrue \fi
      {\authorfont \leftline{#1}}%
    \fi
  }
  
  
  %%% Set up page headings and footings.
  
  \let\thispage=\folio
  
  \newtoks\evenheadline    % headline on even pages
  \newtoks\oddheadline     % headline on odd pages
  \newtoks\evenfootline    % footline on even pages
  \newtoks\oddfootline     % footline on odd pages
  
  % Now make TeX use those variables
  \headline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddheadline
                              \else \the\evenheadline \fi}}
  \footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline
                              \else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook}
  \let\HEADINGShook=\relax
  
  % Commands to set those variables.
  % For example, this is what  @headings on  does
  % @evenheading @thistitle|@thispage|@thischapter
  % @oddheading @thischapter|@thispage|@thistitle
  % @evenfooting @thisfile||
  % @oddfooting ||@thisfile
  
  
  \def\evenheading{\parsearg\evenheadingxxx}
  \def\evenheadingxxx #1{\evenheadingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish}
  \def\evenheadingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{%
  \global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
  
  \def\oddheading{\parsearg\oddheadingxxx}
  \def\oddheadingxxx #1{\oddheadingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish}
  \def\oddheadingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{%
  \global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
  
  \parseargdef\everyheading{\oddheadingxxx{#1}\evenheadingxxx{#1}}%
  
  \def\evenfooting{\parsearg\evenfootingxxx}
  \def\evenfootingxxx #1{\evenfootingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish}
  \def\evenfootingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{%
  \global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
  
  \def\oddfooting{\parsearg\oddfootingxxx}
  \def\oddfootingxxx #1{\oddfootingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish}
  \def\oddfootingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{%
    \global\oddfootline = {\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}%
    %
    % Leave some space for the footline.  Hopefully ok to assume
    % @evenfooting will not be used by itself.
    \global\advance\pageheight by -12pt
    \global\advance\vsize by -12pt
  }
  
  \parseargdef\everyfooting{\oddfootingxxx{#1}\evenfootingxxx{#1}}
  
  
  % @headings double      turns headings on for double-sided printing.
  % @headings single      turns headings on for single-sided printing.
  % @headings off         turns them off.
  % @headings on          same as @headings double, retained for compatibility.
  % @headings after       turns on double-sided headings after this page.
  % @headings doubleafter turns on double-sided headings after this page.
  % @headings singleafter turns on single-sided headings after this page.
  % By default, they are off at the start of a document,
  % and turned `on' after @end titlepage.
  
  \def\headings #1 {\csname HEADINGS#1\endcsname}
  
  \def\HEADINGSoff{%
  \global\evenheadline={\hfil} \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
  \global\oddheadline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil}}
  \HEADINGSoff
  % When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1.
  % For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner,
  % chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document
  % title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top
  % edge of all pages.
  \def\HEADINGSdouble{%
  \global\pageno=1
  \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
  \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
  \global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
  \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
  \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
  }
  \let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
  
  % For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page,
  % page number on top right.
  \def\HEADINGSsingle{%
  \global\pageno=1
  \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
  \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
  \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
  \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
  \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
  }
  \def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}
  
  \def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex}
  \let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter
  \def\HEADINGSdoublex{%
  \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
  \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
  \global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
  \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
  \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
  }
  
  \def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex}
  \def\HEADINGSsinglex{%
  \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
  \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
  \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
  \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
  \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
  }
  
  % Subroutines used in generating headings
  % This produces Day Month Year style of output.
  % Only define if not already defined, in case a txi-??.tex file has set
  % up a different format (e.g., txi-cs.tex does this).
  \ifx\today\undefined
  \def\today{%
    \number\day\space
    \ifcase\month
    \or\putwordMJan\or\putwordMFeb\or\putwordMMar\or\putwordMApr
    \or\putwordMMay\or\putwordMJun\or\putwordMJul\or\putwordMAug
    \or\putwordMSep\or\putwordMOct\or\putwordMNov\or\putwordMDec
    \fi
    \space\number\year}
  \fi
  
  % @settitle line...  specifies the title of the document, for headings.
  % It generates no output of its own.
  \def\thistitle{\putwordNoTitle}
  \def\settitle{\parsearg{\gdef\thistitle}}
  
  
  \message{tables,}
  % Tables -- @table, @ftable, @vtable, @item(x).
  
  % default indentation of table text
  \newdimen\tableindent \tableindent=.8in
  % default indentation of @itemize and @enumerate text
  \newdimen\itemindent  \itemindent=.3in
  % margin between end of table item and start of table text.
  \newdimen\itemmargin  \itemmargin=.1in
  
  % used internally for \itemindent minus \itemmargin
  \newdimen\itemmax
  
  % Note @table, @ftable, and @vtable define @item, @itemx, etc., with
  % these defs.
  % They also define \itemindex
  % to index the item name in whatever manner is desired (perhaps none).
  
  \newif\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip
  
  \def\itemxpar{\par\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip\nobreak\vskip-\parskip\nobreak\fi}
  
  \def\internalBitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\itemzzz}
  \def\internalBitemx{\itemxpar \parsearg\itemzzz}
  
  \def\itemzzz #1{\begingroup %
    \advance\hsize by -\rightskip
    \advance\hsize by -\tableindent
    \setbox0=\hbox{\itemindicate{#1}}%
    \itemindex{#1}%
    \nobreak % This prevents a break before @itemx.
    %
    % If the item text does not fit in the space we have, put it on a line
    % by itself, and do not allow a page break either before or after that
    % line.  We do not start a paragraph here because then if the next
    % command is, e.g., @kindex, the whatsit would get put into the
    % horizontal list on a line by itself, resulting in extra blank space.
    \ifdim \wd0>\itemmax
      %
      % Make this a paragraph so we get the \parskip glue and wrapping,
      % but leave it ragged-right.
      \begingroup
        \advance\leftskip by-\tableindent
        \advance\hsize by\tableindent
        \advance\rightskip by0pt plus1fil
        \leavevmode\unhbox0\par
      \endgroup
      %
      % We're going to be starting a paragraph, but we don't want the
      % \parskip glue -- logically it's part of the @item we just started.
      \nobreak \vskip-\parskip
      %
      % Stop a page break at the \parskip glue coming up.  However, if
      % what follows is an environment such as @example, there will be no
      % \parskip glue; then the negative vskip we just inserted would
      % cause the example and the item to crash together.  So we use this
      % bizarre value of 10001 as a signal to \aboveenvbreak to insert
      % \parskip glue after all.  Section titles are handled this way also.
      % 
      \penalty 10001
      \endgroup
      \itemxneedsnegativevskipfalse
    \else
      % The item text fits into the space.  Start a paragraph, so that the
      % following text (if any) will end up on the same line.
      \noindent
      % Do this with kerns and \unhbox so that if there is a footnote in
      % the item text, it can migrate to the main vertical list and
      % eventually be printed.
      \nobreak\kern-\tableindent
      \dimen0 = \itemmax  \advance\dimen0 by \itemmargin \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0
      \unhbox0
      \nobreak\kern\dimen0
      \endgroup
      \itemxneedsnegativevskiptrue
    \fi
  }
  
  \def\item{\errmessage{@item while not in a list environment}}
  \def\itemx{\errmessage{@itemx while not in a list environment}}
  
  % @table, @ftable, @vtable.
  \envdef\table{%
    \let\itemindex\gobble
    \tablecheck{table}%
  }
  \envdef\ftable{%
    \def\itemindex ##1{\doind {fn}{\code{##1}}}%
    \tablecheck{ftable}%
  }
  \envdef\vtable{%
    \def\itemindex ##1{\doind {vr}{\code{##1}}}%
    \tablecheck{vtable}%
  }
  \def\tablecheck#1{%
    \ifnum \the\catcode`\^^M=\active
      \endgroup
      \errmessage{This command won't work in this context; perhaps the problem is
        that we are \inenvironment\thisenv}%
      \def\next{\doignore{#1}}%
    \else
      \let\next\tablex
    \fi
    \next
  }
  \def\tablex#1{%
    \def\itemindicate{#1}%
    \parsearg\tabley
  }
  \def\tabley#1{%
    {%
      \makevalueexpandable
      \edef\temp{\noexpand\tablez #1\space\space\space}%
      \expandafter
    }\temp \endtablez
  }
  \def\tablez #1 #2 #3 #4\endtablez{%
    \aboveenvbreak
    \ifnum 0#1>0 \advance \leftskip by #1\mil \fi
    \ifnum 0#2>0 \tableindent=#2\mil \fi
    \ifnum 0#3>0 \advance \rightskip by #3\mil \fi
    \itemmax=\tableindent
    \advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin
    \advance \leftskip by \tableindent
    \exdentamount=\tableindent
    \parindent = 0pt
    \parskip = \smallskipamount
    \ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi
    \let\item = \internalBitem
    \let\itemx = \internalBitemx
  }
  \def\Etable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak}
  \let\Eftable\Etable
  \let\Evtable\Etable
  \let\Eitemize\Etable
  \let\Eenumerate\Etable
  
  % This is the counter used by @enumerate, which is really @itemize
  
  \newcount \itemno
  
  \envdef\itemize{\parsearg\doitemize}
  
  \def\doitemize#1{%
    \aboveenvbreak
    \itemmax=\itemindent
    \advance\itemmax by -\itemmargin
    \advance\leftskip by \itemindent
    \exdentamount=\itemindent
    \parindent=0pt
    \parskip=\smallskipamount
    \ifdim\parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi
    \def\itemcontents{#1}%
    % @itemize with no arg is equivalent to @itemize @bullet.
    \ifx\itemcontents\empty\def\itemcontents{\bullet}\fi
    \let\item=\itemizeitem
  }
  
  % Definition of @item while inside @itemize and @enumerate.
  %
  \def\itemizeitem{%
    \advance\itemno by 1  % for enumerations
    {\let\par=\endgraf \smallbreak}% reasonable place to break
    {%
     % If the document has an @itemize directly after a section title, a
     % \nobreak will be last on the list, and \sectionheading will have
     % done a \vskip-\parskip.  In that case, we don't want to zero
     % parskip, or the item text will crash with the heading.  On the
     % other hand, when there is normal text preceding the item (as there
     % usually is), we do want to zero parskip, or there would be too much
     % space.  In that case, we won't have a \nobreak before.  At least
     % that's the theory.
     \ifnum\lastpenalty<10000 \parskip=0in \fi
     \noindent
     \hbox to 0pt{\hss \itemcontents \kern\itemmargin}%
     \vadjust{\penalty 1200}}% not good to break after first line of item.
    \flushcr
  }
  
  % \splitoff TOKENS\endmark defines \first to be the first token in
  % TOKENS, and \rest to be the remainder.
  %
  \def\splitoff#1#2\endmark{\def\first{#1}\def\rest{#2}}%
  
  % Allow an optional argument of an uppercase letter, lowercase letter,
  % or number, to specify the first label in the enumerated list.  No
  % argument is the same as `1'.
  %
  \envparseargdef\enumerate{\enumeratey #1  \endenumeratey}
  \def\enumeratey #1 #2\endenumeratey{%
    % If we were given no argument, pretend we were given `1'.
    \def\thearg{#1}%
    \ifx\thearg\empty \def\thearg{1}\fi
    %
    % Detect if the argument is a single token.  If so, it might be a
    % letter.  Otherwise, the only valid thing it can be is a number.
    % (We will always have one token, because of the test we just made.
    % This is a good thing, since \splitoff doesn't work given nothing at
    % all -- the first parameter is undelimited.)
    \expandafter\splitoff\thearg\endmark
    \ifx\rest\empty
      % Only one token in the argument.  It could still be anything.
      % A ``lowercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is nonzero.
      % An ``uppercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is both nonzero, and
      %   not equal to itself.
      % Otherwise, we assume it's a number.
      %
      % We need the \relax at the end of the \ifnum lines to stop TeX from
      % continuing to look for a <number>.
      %
      \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=0\relax
        \numericenumerate % a number (we hope)
      \else
        % It's a letter.
        \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=\expandafter`\thearg\relax
          \lowercaseenumerate % lowercase letter
        \else
          \uppercaseenumerate % uppercase letter
        \fi
      \fi
    \else
      % Multiple tokens in the argument.  We hope it's a number.
      \numericenumerate
    \fi
  }
  
  % An @enumerate whose labels are integers.  The starting integer is
  % given in \thearg.
  %
  \def\numericenumerate{%
    \itemno = \thearg
    \startenumeration{\the\itemno}%
  }
  
  % The starting (lowercase) letter is in \thearg.
  \def\lowercaseenumerate{%
    \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg
    \startenumeration{%
      % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet.
      \ifnum\itemno=0
        \errmessage{No more lowercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger
                    alphabet}%
      \fi
      \char\lccode\itemno
    }%
  }
  
  % The starting (uppercase) letter is in \thearg.
  \def\uppercaseenumerate{%
    \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg
    \startenumeration{%
      % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet.
      \ifnum\itemno=0
        \errmessage{No more uppercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger
                    alphabet}
      \fi
      \char\uccode\itemno
    }%
  }
  
  % Call \doitemize, adding a period to the first argument and supplying the
  % common last two arguments.  Also subtract one from the initial value in
  % \itemno, since @item increments \itemno.
  %
  \def\startenumeration#1{%
    \advance\itemno by -1
    \doitemize{#1.}\flushcr
  }
  
  % @alphaenumerate and @capsenumerate are abbreviations for giving an arg
  % to @enumerate.
  %
  \def\alphaenumerate{\enumerate{a}}
  \def\capsenumerate{\enumerate{A}}
  \def\Ealphaenumerate{\Eenumerate}
  \def\Ecapsenumerate{\Eenumerate}
  
  
  % @multitable macros
  % Amy Hendrickson, 8/18/94, 3/6/96
  %
  % @multitable ... @end multitable will make as many columns as desired.
  % Contents of each column will wrap at width given in preamble.  Width
  % can be specified either with sample text given in a template line,
  % or in percent of \hsize, the current width of text on page.
  
  % Table can continue over pages but will only break between lines.
  
  % To make preamble:
  %
  % Either define widths of columns in terms of percent of \hsize:
  %   @multitable @columnfractions .25 .3 .45
  %   @item ...
  %
  %   Numbers following @columnfractions are the percent of the total
  %   current hsize to be used for each column. You may use as many
  %   columns as desired.
  
  
  % Or use a template:
  %   @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template}
  %   @item ...
  %   using the widest term desired in each column.
  
  % Each new table line starts with @item, each subsequent new column
  % starts with @tab. Empty columns may be produced by supplying @tab's
  % with nothing between them for as many times as empty columns are needed,
  % ie, @tab@tab@tab will produce two empty columns.
  
  % @item, @tab do not need to be on their own lines, but it will not hurt
  % if they are.
  
  % Sample multitable:
  
  %   @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template}
  %   @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff @tab third col
  %   @item
  %   first col stuff
  %   @tab
  %   second col stuff
  %   @tab
  %   third col
  %   @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff
  %   @tab Many paragraphs of text may be used in any column.
  %
  %         They will wrap at the width determined by the template.
  %   @item@tab@tab This will be in third column.
  %   @end multitable
  
  % Default dimensions may be reset by user.
  % @multitableparskip is vertical space between paragraphs in table.
  % @multitableparindent is paragraph indent in table.
  % @multitablecolmargin is horizontal space to be left between columns.
  % @multitablelinespace is space to leave between table items, baseline
  %                                                            to baseline.
  %   0pt means it depends on current normal line spacing.
  %
  \newskip\multitableparskip
  \newskip\multitableparindent
  \newdimen\multitablecolspace
  \newskip\multitablelinespace
  \multitableparskip=0pt
  \multitableparindent=6pt
  \multitablecolspace=12pt
  \multitablelinespace=0pt
  
  % Macros used to set up halign preamble:
  %
  \let\endsetuptable\relax
  \def\xendsetuptable{\endsetuptable}
  \let\columnfractions\relax
  \def\xcolumnfractions{\columnfractions}
  \newif\ifsetpercent
  
  % #1 is the @columnfraction, usually a decimal number like .5, but might
  % be just 1.  We just use it, whatever it is.
  %
  \def\pickupwholefraction#1 {%
    \global\advance\colcount by 1
    \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{#1\hsize}%
    \setuptable
  }
  
  \newcount\colcount
  \def\setuptable#1{%
    \def\firstarg{#1}%
    \ifx\firstarg\xendsetuptable
      \let\go = \relax
    \else
      \ifx\firstarg\xcolumnfractions
        \global\setpercenttrue
      \else
        \ifsetpercent
           \let\go\pickupwholefraction
        \else
           \global\advance\colcount by 1
           \setbox0=\hbox{#1\unskip\space}% Add a normal word space as a
                     % separator; typically that is always in the input, anyway.
           \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{\the\wd0}%
        \fi
      \fi
      \ifx\go\pickupwholefraction
        % Put the argument back for the \pickupwholefraction call, so
        % we'll always have a period there to be parsed.
        \def\go{\pickupwholefraction#1}%
      \else
        \let\go = \setuptable
      \fi%
    \fi
    \go
  }
  
  % multitable-only commands.
  %
  % @headitem starts a heading row, which we typeset in bold.
  % Assignments have to be global since we are inside the implicit group
  % of an alignment entry.  Note that \everycr resets \everytab.
  \def\headitem{\checkenv\multitable \crcr \global\everytab={\bf}\the\everytab}%
  %
  % A \tab used to include \hskip1sp.  But then the space in a template
  % line is not enough.  That is bad.  So let's go back to just `&' until
  % we encounter the problem it was intended to solve again.
  %					--karl, nathan@acm.org, 20apr99.
  \def\tab{\checkenv\multitable &\the\everytab}%
  
  % @multitable ... @end multitable definitions:
  %
  \newtoks\everytab  % insert after every tab.
  %
  \envdef\multitable{%
    \vskip\parskip
    \startsavinginserts
    %
    % @item within a multitable starts a normal row.
    % We use \def instead of \let so that if one of the multitable entries
    % contains an @itemize, we don't choke on the \item (seen as \crcr aka
    % \endtemplate) expanding \doitemize.
    \def\item{\crcr}%
    %
    \tolerance=9500
    \hbadness=9500
    \setmultitablespacing
    \parskip=\multitableparskip
    \parindent=\multitableparindent
    \overfullrule=0pt
    \global\colcount=0
    %
    \everycr = {%
      \noalign{%
        \global\everytab={}%
        \global\colcount=0 % Reset the column counter.
        % Check for saved footnotes, etc.
        \checkinserts
        % Keeps underfull box messages off when table breaks over pages.
        %\filbreak
  	% Maybe so, but it also creates really weird page breaks when the
  	% table breaks over pages. Wouldn't \vfil be better?  Wait until the
  	% problem manifests itself, so it can be fixed for real --karl.
      }%
    }%
    %
    \parsearg\domultitable
  }
  \def\domultitable#1{%
    % To parse everything between @multitable and @item:
    \setuptable#1 \endsetuptable
    %
    % This preamble sets up a generic column definition, which will
    % be used as many times as user calls for columns.
    % \vtop will set a single line and will also let text wrap and
    % continue for many paragraphs if desired.
    \halign\bgroup &%
      \global\advance\colcount by 1
      \multistrut
      \vtop{%
        % Use the current \colcount to find the correct column width:
        \hsize=\expandafter\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname
        %
        % In order to keep entries from bumping into each other
        % we will add a \leftskip of \multitablecolspace to all columns after
        % the first one.
        %
        % If a template has been used, we will add \multitablecolspace
        % to the width of each template entry.
        %
        % If the user has set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize we will
        % use that dimension as the width of the column, and the \leftskip
        % will keep entries from bumping into each other.  Table will start at
        % left margin and final column will justify at right margin.
        %
        % Make sure we don't inherit \rightskip from the outer environment.
        \rightskip=0pt
        \ifnum\colcount=1
  	% The first column will be indented with the surrounding text.
  	\advance\hsize by\leftskip
        \else
  	\ifsetpercent \else
  	  % If user has not set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize
  	  % we will advance \hsize by \multitablecolspace.
  	  \advance\hsize by \multitablecolspace
  	\fi
         % In either case we will make \leftskip=\multitablecolspace:
        \leftskip=\multitablecolspace
        \fi
        % Ignoring space at the beginning and end avoids an occasional spurious
        % blank line, when TeX decides to break the line at the space before the
        % box from the multistrut, so the strut ends up on a line by itself.
        % For example:
        % @multitable @columnfractions .11 .89
        % @item @code{#}
        % @tab Legal holiday which is valid in major parts of the whole country.
        % Is automatically provided with highlighting sequences respectively
        % marking characters.
        \noindent\ignorespaces##\unskip\multistrut
      }\cr
  }
  \def\Emultitable{%
    \crcr
    \egroup % end the \halign
    \global\setpercentfalse
  }
  
  \def\setmultitablespacing{%
    \def\multistrut{\strut}% just use the standard line spacing
    %
    % Compute \multitablelinespace (if not defined by user) for use in
    % \multitableparskip calculation.  We used define \multistrut based on
    % this, but (ironically) that caused the spacing to be off.
    % See bug-texinfo report from Werner Lemberg, 31 Oct 2004 12:52:20 +0100.
  \ifdim\multitablelinespace=0pt
  \setbox0=\vbox{X}\global\multitablelinespace=\the\baselineskip
  \global\advance\multitablelinespace by-\ht0
  \fi
  %% Test to see if parskip is larger than space between lines of
  %% table. If not, do nothing.
  %%        If so, set to same dimension as multitablelinespace.
  \ifdim\multitableparskip>\multitablelinespace
  \global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace
  \global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt %% to keep parskip somewhat smaller
                                        %% than skip between lines in the table.
  \fi%
  \ifdim\multitableparskip=0pt
  \global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace
  \global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt %% to keep parskip somewhat smaller
                                        %% than skip between lines in the table.
  \fi}
  
  
  \message{conditionals,}
  
  % @iftex, @ifnotdocbook, @ifnothtml, @ifnotinfo, @ifnotplaintext,
  % @ifnotxml always succeed.  They currently do nothing; we don't
  % attempt to check whether the conditionals are properly nested.  But we
  % have to remember that they are conditionals, so that @end doesn't
  % attempt to close an environment group.
  %
  \def\makecond#1{%
    \expandafter\let\csname #1\endcsname = \relax
    \expandafter\let\csname iscond.#1\endcsname = 1
  }
  \makecond{iftex}
  \makecond{ifnotdocbook}
  \makecond{ifnothtml}
  \makecond{ifnotinfo}
  \makecond{ifnotplaintext}
  \makecond{ifnotxml}
  
  % Ignore @ignore, @ifhtml, @ifinfo, and the like.
  %
  \def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}}
  \def\documentdescription{\doignore{documentdescription}}
  \def\docbook{\doignore{docbook}}
  \def\html{\doignore{html}}
  \def\ifdocbook{\doignore{ifdocbook}}
  \def\ifhtml{\doignore{ifhtml}}
  \def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}}
  \def\ifnottex{\doignore{ifnottex}}
  \def\ifplaintext{\doignore{ifplaintext}}
  \def\ifxml{\doignore{ifxml}}
  \def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}}
  \def\menu{\doignore{menu}}
  \def\xml{\doignore{xml}}
  
  % Ignore text until a line `@end #1', keeping track of nested conditionals.
  %
  % A count to remember the depth of nesting.
  \newcount\doignorecount
  
  \def\doignore#1{\begingroup
    % Scan in ``verbatim'' mode:
    \obeylines
    \catcode`\@ = \other
    \catcode`\{ = \other
    \catcode`\} = \other
    %
    % Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants.
    \spaceisspace
    %
    % Count number of #1's that we've seen.
    \doignorecount = 0
    %
    % Swallow text until we reach the matching `@end #1'.
    \dodoignore{#1}%
  }
  
  { \catcode`_=11 % We want to use \_STOP_ which cannot appear in texinfo source.
    \obeylines %
    %
    \gdef\dodoignore#1{%
      % #1 contains the command name as a string, e.g., `ifinfo'.
      %
      % Define a command to find the next `@end #1'.
      \long\def\doignoretext##1^^M@end #1{%
        \doignoretextyyy##1^^M@#1\_STOP_}%
      %
      % And this command to find another #1 command, at the beginning of a
      % line.  (Otherwise, we would consider a line `@c @ifset', for
      % example, to count as an @ifset for nesting.)
      \long\def\doignoretextyyy##1^^M@#1##2\_STOP_{\doignoreyyy{##2}\_STOP_}%
      %
      % And now expand that command.
      \doignoretext ^^M%
    }%
  }
  
  \def\doignoreyyy#1{%
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \ifx\temp\empty			% Nothing found.
      \let\next\doignoretextzzz
    \else					% Found a nested condition, ...
      \advance\doignorecount by 1
      \let\next\doignoretextyyy		% ..., look for another.
      % If we're here, #1 ends with ^^M\ifinfo (for example).
    \fi
    \next #1% the token \_STOP_ is present just after this macro.
  }
  
  % We have to swallow the remaining "\_STOP_".
  %
  \def\doignoretextzzz#1{%
    \ifnum\doignorecount = 0	% We have just found the outermost @end.
      \let\next\enddoignore
    \else				% Still inside a nested condition.
      \advance\doignorecount by -1
      \let\next\doignoretext      % Look for the next @end.
    \fi
    \next
  }
  
  % Finish off ignored text.
  { \obeylines%
    % Ignore anything after the last `@end #1'; this matters in verbatim
    % environments, where otherwise the newline after an ignored conditional
    % would result in a blank line in the output.
    \gdef\enddoignore#1^^M{\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
  }
  
  
  % @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value.
  % @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE.
  %
  % Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be
  % empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our
  % own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we
  % didn't need it.
  % We rely on the fact that \parsearg sets \catcode`\ =10.
  %
  \parseargdef\set{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy}
  \def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{%
    {%
      \makevalueexpandable
      \def\temp{#2}%
      \edef\next{\gdef\makecsname{SET#1}}%
      \ifx\temp\empty
        \next{}%
      \else
        \setzzz#2\endsetzzz
      \fi
    }%
  }
  % Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted.
  \def\setzzz#1 \endsetzzz{\next{#1}}
  
  % @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR.
  %
  \parseargdef\clear{%
    {%
      \makevalueexpandable
      \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax
    }%
  }
  
  % @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo.
  \def\value{\begingroup\makevalueexpandable\valuexxx}
  \def\valuexxx#1{\expandablevalue{#1}\endgroup}
  {
    \catcode`\- = \active \catcode`\_ = \active
    %
    \gdef\makevalueexpandable{%
      \let\value = \expandablevalue
      % We don't want these characters active, ...
      \catcode`\-=\other \catcode`\_=\other
      % ..., but we might end up with active ones in the argument if
      % we're called from @code, as @code{@value{foo-bar_}}, though.
      % So \let them to their normal equivalents.
      \let-\realdash \let_\normalunderscore
    }
  }
  
  % We have this subroutine so that we can handle at least some @value's
  % properly in indexes (we call \makevalueexpandable in \indexdummies).
  % The command has to be fully expandable (if the variable is set), since
  % the result winds up in the index file.  This means that if the
  % variable's value contains other Texinfo commands, it's almost certain
  % it will fail (although perhaps we could fix that with sufficient work
  % to do a one-level expansion on the result, instead of complete).
  %
  \def\expandablevalue#1{%
    \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
      {[No value for ``#1'']}%
      \message{Variable `#1', used in @value, is not set.}%
    \else
      \csname SET#1\endcsname
    \fi
  }
  
  % @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined
  % with @set.
  %
  % To get special treatment of `@end ifset,' call \makeond and the redefine.
  %
  \makecond{ifset}
  \def\ifset{\parsearg{\doifset{\let\next=\ifsetfail}}}
  \def\doifset#1#2{%
    {%
      \makevalueexpandable
      \let\next=\empty
      \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#2\endcsname\relax
        #1% If not set, redefine \next.
      \fi
      \expandafter
    }\next
  }
  \def\ifsetfail{\doignore{ifset}}
  
  % @ifclear VAR ... @end ifclear reads the `...' iff VAR has never been
  % defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear.
  %
  % The `\else' inside the `\doifset' parameter is a trick to reuse the
  % above code: if the variable is not set, do nothing, if it is set,
  % then redefine \next to \ifclearfail.
  %
  \makecond{ifclear}
  \def\ifclear{\parsearg{\doifset{\else \let\next=\ifclearfail}}}
  \def\ifclearfail{\doignore{ifclear}}
  
  % @dircategory CATEGORY  -- specify a category of the dir file
  % which this file should belong to.  Ignore this in TeX.
  \let\dircategory=\comment
  
  % @defininfoenclose.
  \let\definfoenclose=\comment
  
  
  \message{indexing,}
  % Index generation facilities
  
  % Define \newwrite to be identical to plain tex's \newwrite
  % except not \outer, so it can be used within macros and \if's.
  \edef\newwrite{\makecsname{ptexnewwrite}}
  
  % \newindex {foo} defines an index named foo.
  % It automatically defines \fooindex such that
  % \fooindex ...rest of line... puts an entry in the index foo.
  % It also defines \fooindfile to be the number of the output channel for
  % the file that accumulates this index.  The file's extension is foo.
  % The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long
  % for the sake of vms.
  %
  \def\newindex#1{%
    \iflinks
      \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname
      \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file
    \fi
    \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%     % Define @#1index
      \noexpand\doindex{#1}}
  }
  
  % @defindex foo  ==  \newindex{foo}
  %
  \def\defindex{\parsearg\newindex}
  
  % Define @defcodeindex, like @defindex except put all entries in @code.
  %
  \def\defcodeindex{\parsearg\newcodeindex}
  %
  \def\newcodeindex#1{%
    \iflinks
      \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname
      \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1
    \fi
    \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%
      \noexpand\docodeindex{#1}}%
  }
  
  
  % @synindex foo bar    makes index foo feed into index bar.
  % Do this instead of @defindex foo if you don't want it as a separate index.
  %
  % @syncodeindex foo bar   similar, but put all entries made for index foo
  % inside @code.
  %
  \def\synindex#1 #2 {\dosynindex\doindex{#1}{#2}}
  \def\syncodeindex#1 #2 {\dosynindex\docodeindex{#1}{#2}}
  
  % #1 is \doindex or \docodeindex, #2 the index getting redefined (foo),
  % #3 the target index (bar).
  \def\dosynindex#1#2#3{%
    % Only do \closeout if we haven't already done it, else we'll end up
    % closing the target index.
    \expandafter \ifx\csname donesynindex#2\endcsname \undefined
      % The \closeout helps reduce unnecessary open files; the limit on the
      % Acorn RISC OS is a mere 16 files.
      \expandafter\closeout\csname#2indfile\endcsname
      \expandafter\let\csname\donesynindex#2\endcsname = 1
    \fi
    % redefine \fooindfile:
    \expandafter\let\expandafter\temp\expandafter=\csname#3indfile\endcsname
    \expandafter\let\csname#2indfile\endcsname=\temp
    % redefine \fooindex:
    \expandafter\xdef\csname#2index\endcsname{\noexpand#1{#3}}%
  }
  
  % Define \doindex, the driver for all \fooindex macros.
  % Argument #1 is generated by the calling \fooindex macro,
  %  and it is "foo", the name of the index.
  
  % \doindex just uses \parsearg; it calls \doind for the actual work.
  % This is because \doind is more useful to call from other macros.
  
  % There is also \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic}
  % which makes an entry in a two-level index such as the operation index.
  
  \def\doindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singleindexer}
  \def\singleindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{#1}}
  
  % like the previous two, but they put @code around the argument.
  \def\docodeindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singlecodeindexer}
  \def\singlecodeindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{\code{#1}}}
  
  % Take care of Texinfo commands that can appear in an index entry.
  % Since there are some commands we want to expand, and others we don't,
  % we have to laboriously prevent expansion for those that we don't.
  %
  \def\indexdummies{%
    \escapechar = `\\     % use backslash in output files.
    \def\@{@}% change to @@ when we switch to @ as escape char in index files.
    \def\ {\realbackslash\space }%
    %
    % Need these in case \tex is in effect and \{ is a \delimiter again.
    % But can't use \lbracecmd and \rbracecmd because texindex assumes
    % braces and backslashes are used only as delimiters.
    \let\{ = \mylbrace
    \let\} = \myrbrace
    %
    % I don't entirely understand this, but when an index entry is
    % generated from a macro call, the \endinput which \scanmacro inserts
    % causes processing to be prematurely terminated.  This is,
    % apparently, because \indexsorttmp is fully expanded, and \endinput
    % is an expandable command.  The redefinition below makes \endinput
    % disappear altogether for that purpose -- although logging shows that
    % processing continues to some further point.  On the other hand, it
    % seems \endinput does not hurt in the printed index arg, since that
    % is still getting written without apparent harm.
    % 
    % Sample source (mac-idx3.tex, reported by Graham Percival to
    % help-texinfo, 22may06):
    % @macro funindex {WORD}
    % @findex xyz
    % @end macro
    % ...
    % @funindex commtest
    % 
    % The above is not enough to reproduce the bug, but it gives the flavor.
    % 
    % Sample whatsit resulting:
    % .@write3{\entry{xyz}{@folio }{@code {xyz@endinput }}}
    % 
    % So:
    \let\endinput = \empty
    %
    % Do the redefinitions.
    \commondummies
  }
  
  % For the aux and toc files, @ is the escape character.  So we want to
  % redefine everything using @ as the escape character (instead of
  % \realbackslash, still used for index files).  When everything uses @,
  % this will be simpler.
  %
  \def\atdummies{%
    \def\@{@@}%
    \def\ {@ }%
    \let\{ = \lbraceatcmd
    \let\} = \rbraceatcmd
    %
    % Do the redefinitions.
    \commondummies
    \otherbackslash
  }
  
  % Called from \indexdummies and \atdummies.
  %
  \def\commondummies{%
    %
    % \definedummyword defines \#1 as \string\#1\space, thus effectively
    % preventing its expansion.  This is used only for control% words,
    % not control letters, because the \space would be incorrect for
    % control characters, but is needed to separate the control word
    % from whatever follows.
    %
    % For control letters, we have \definedummyletter, which omits the
    % space.
    %
    % These can be used both for control words that take an argument and
    % those that do not.  If it is followed by {arg} in the input, then
    % that will dutifully get written to the index (or wherever).
    %
    \def\definedummyword  ##1{\def##1{\string##1\space}}%
    \def\definedummyletter##1{\def##1{\string##1}}%
    \let\definedummyaccent\definedummyletter
    %
    \commondummiesnofonts
    %
    \definedummyletter\_%
    %
    % Non-English letters.
    \definedummyword\AA
    \definedummyword\AE
    \definedummyword\L
    \definedummyword\OE
    \definedummyword\O
    \definedummyword\aa
    \definedummyword\ae
    \definedummyword\l
    \definedummyword\oe
    \definedummyword\o
    \definedummyword\ss
    \definedummyword\exclamdown
    \definedummyword\questiondown
    \definedummyword\ordf
    \definedummyword\ordm
    %
    % Although these internal commands shouldn't show up, sometimes they do.
    \definedummyword\bf
    \definedummyword\gtr
    \definedummyword\hat
    \definedummyword\less
    \definedummyword\sf
    \definedummyword\sl
    \definedummyword\tclose
    \definedummyword\tt
    %
    \definedummyword\LaTeX
    \definedummyword\TeX
    %
    % Assorted special characters.
    \definedummyword\bullet
    \definedummyword\comma
    \definedummyword\copyright
    \definedummyword\registeredsymbol
    \definedummyword\dots
    \definedummyword\enddots
    \definedummyword\equiv
    \definedummyword\error
    \definedummyword\euro
    \definedummyword\expansion
    \definedummyword\minus
    \definedummyword\pounds
    \definedummyword\point
    \definedummyword\print
    \definedummyword\result
    \definedummyword\textdegree
    %
    % We want to disable all macros so that they are not expanded by \write.
    \macrolist
    %
    \normalturnoffactive
    %
    % Handle some cases of @value -- where it does not contain any
    % (non-fully-expandable) commands.
    \makevalueexpandable
  }
  
  % \commondummiesnofonts: common to \commondummies and \indexnofonts.
  %
  \def\commondummiesnofonts{%
    % Control letters and accents.
    \definedummyletter\!%
    \definedummyaccent\"%
    \definedummyaccent\'%
    \definedummyletter\*%
    \definedummyaccent\,%
    \definedummyletter\.%
    \definedummyletter\/%
    \definedummyletter\:%
    \definedummyaccent\=%
    \definedummyletter\?%
    \definedummyaccent\^%
    \definedummyaccent\`%
    \definedummyaccent\~%
    \definedummyword\u
    \definedummyword\v
    \definedummyword\H
    \definedummyword\dotaccent
    \definedummyword\ringaccent
    \definedummyword\tieaccent
    \definedummyword\ubaraccent
    \definedummyword\udotaccent
    \definedummyword\dotless
    %
    % Texinfo font commands.
    \definedummyword\b
    \definedummyword\i
    \definedummyword\r
    \definedummyword\sc
    \definedummyword\t
    %
    % Commands that take arguments.
    \definedummyword\acronym
    \definedummyword\cite
    \definedummyword\code
    \definedummyword\command
    \definedummyword\dfn
    \definedummyword\emph
    \definedummyword\env
    \definedummyword\file
    \definedummyword\kbd
    \definedummyword\key
    \definedummyword\math
    \definedummyword\option
    \definedummyword\pxref
    \definedummyword\ref
    \definedummyword\samp
    \definedummyword\strong
    \definedummyword\tie
    \definedummyword\uref
    \definedummyword\url
    \definedummyword\var
    \definedummyword\verb
    \definedummyword\w
    \definedummyword\xref
  }
  
  % \indexnofonts is used when outputting the strings to sort the index
  % by, and when constructing control sequence names.  It eliminates all
  % control sequences and just writes whatever the best ASCII sort string
  % would be for a given command (usually its argument).
  %
  \def\indexnofonts{%
    % Accent commands should become @asis.
    \def\definedummyaccent##1{\let##1\asis}%
    % We can just ignore other control letters.
    \def\definedummyletter##1{\let##1\empty}%
    % Hopefully, all control words can become @asis.
    \let\definedummyword\definedummyaccent
    %
    \commondummiesnofonts
    %
    % Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command
    % and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |, etc.
    % Likewise with the other plain tex font commands.
    %\let\tt=\asis
    %
    \def\ { }%
    \def\@{@}%
    % how to handle braces?
    \def\_{\normalunderscore}%
    %
    % Non-English letters.
    \def\AA{AA}%
    \def\AE{AE}%
    \def\L{L}%
    \def\OE{OE}%
    \def\O{O}%
    \def\aa{aa}%
    \def\ae{ae}%
    \def\l{l}%
    \def\oe{oe}%
    \def\o{o}%
    \def\ss{ss}%
    \def\exclamdown{!}%
    \def\questiondown{?}%
    \def\ordf{a}%
    \def\ordm{o}%
    %
    \def\LaTeX{LaTeX}%
    \def\TeX{TeX}%
    %
    % Assorted special characters.
    % (The following {} will end up in the sort string, but that's ok.)
    \def\bullet{bullet}%
    \def\comma{,}%
    \def\copyright{copyright}%
    \def\registeredsymbol{R}%
    \def\dots{...}%
    \def\enddots{...}%
    \def\equiv{==}%
    \def\error{error}%
    \def\euro{euro}%
    \def\expansion{==>}%
    \def\minus{-}%
    \def\pounds{pounds}%
    \def\point{.}%
    \def\print{-|}%
    \def\result{=>}%
    \def\textdegree{degrees}%
    %
    % We need to get rid of all macros, leaving only the arguments (if present).
    % Of course this is not nearly correct, but it is the best we can do for now.
    % makeinfo does not expand macros in the argument to @deffn, which ends up
    % writing an index entry, and texindex isn't prepared for an index sort entry
    % that starts with \.
    % 
    % Since macro invocations are followed by braces, we can just redefine them
    % to take a single TeX argument.  The case of a macro invocation that
    % goes to end-of-line is not handled.
    % 
    \macrolist
  }
  
  \let\indexbackslash=0  %overridden during \printindex.
  \let\SETmarginindex=\relax % put index entries in margin (undocumented)?
  
  % Most index entries go through here, but \dosubind is the general case.
  % #1 is the index name, #2 is the entry text.
  \def\doind#1#2{\dosubind{#1}{#2}{}}
  
  % Workhorse for all \fooindexes.
  % #1 is name of index, #2 is stuff to put there, #3 is subentry --
  % empty if called from \doind, as we usually are (the main exception
  % is with most defuns, which call us directly).
  %
  \def\dosubind#1#2#3{%
    \iflinks
    {%
      % Store the main index entry text (including the third arg).
      \toks0 = {#2}%
      % If third arg is present, precede it with a space.
      \def\thirdarg{#3}%
      \ifx\thirdarg\empty \else
        \toks0 = \expandafter{\the\toks0 \space #3}%
      \fi
      %
      \edef\writeto{\csname#1indfile\endcsname}%
      %
      \ifvmode
        \dosubindsanitize
      \else
        \dosubindwrite
      \fi
    }%
    \fi
  }
  
  % Write the entry in \toks0 to the index file:
  %
  \def\dosubindwrite{%
    % Put the index entry in the margin if desired.
    \ifx\SETmarginindex\relax\else
      \insert\margin{\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width0pt \the\toks0}}%
    \fi
    %
    % Remember, we are within a group.
    \indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage
    \def\backslashcurfont{\indexbackslash}% \indexbackslash isn't defined now
        % so it will be output as is; and it will print as backslash.
    %
    % Process the index entry with all font commands turned off, to
    % get the string to sort by.
    {\indexnofonts
     \edef\temp{\the\toks0}% need full expansion
     \xdef\indexsorttmp{\temp}%
    }%
    %
    % Set up the complete index entry, with both the sort key and
    % the original text, including any font commands.  We write
    % three arguments to \entry to the .?? file (four in the
    % subentry case), texindex reduces to two when writing the .??s
    % sorted result.
    \edef\temp{%
      \write\writeto{%
        \string\entry{\indexsorttmp}{\noexpand\folio}{\the\toks0}}%
    }%
    \temp
  }
  
  % Take care of unwanted page breaks:
  %
  % If a skip is the last thing on the list now, preserve it
  % by backing up by \lastskip, doing the \write, then inserting
  % the skip again.  Otherwise, the whatsit generated by the
  % \write will make \lastskip zero.  The result is that sequences
  % like this:
  % @end defun
  % @tindex whatever
  % @defun ...
  % will have extra space inserted, because the \medbreak in the
  % start of the @defun won't see the skip inserted by the @end of
  % the previous defun.
  %
  % But don't do any of this if we're not in vertical mode.  We
  % don't want to do a \vskip and prematurely end a paragraph.
  %
  % Avoid page breaks due to these extra skips, too.
  %
  % But wait, there is a catch there:
  % We'll have to check whether \lastskip is zero skip.  \ifdim is not
  % sufficient for this purpose, as it ignores stretch and shrink parts
  % of the skip.  The only way seems to be to check the textual
  % representation of the skip.
  %
  % The following is almost like \def\zeroskipmacro{0.0pt} except that
  % the ``p'' and ``t'' characters have catcode \other, not 11 (letter).
  %
  \edef\zeroskipmacro{\expandafter\the\csname z@skip\endcsname}
  %
  % ..., ready, GO:
  %
  \def\dosubindsanitize{%
    % \lastskip and \lastpenalty cannot both be nonzero simultaneously.
    \skip0 = \lastskip
    \edef\lastskipmacro{\the\lastskip}%
    \count255 = \lastpenalty
    %
    % If \lastskip is nonzero, that means the last item was a
    % skip.  And since a skip is discardable, that means this
    % -\skip0 glue we're inserting is preceded by a
    % non-discardable item, therefore it is not a potential
    % breakpoint, therefore no \nobreak needed.
    \ifx\lastskipmacro\zeroskipmacro
    \else
      \vskip-\skip0
    \fi
    %
    \dosubindwrite
    %
    \ifx\lastskipmacro\zeroskipmacro
      % If \lastskip was zero, perhaps the last item was a penalty, and
      % perhaps it was >=10000, e.g., a \nobreak.  In that case, we want
      % to re-insert the same penalty (values >10000 are used for various
      % signals); since we just inserted a non-discardable item, any
      % following glue (such as a \parskip) would be a breakpoint.  For example:
      % 
      %   @deffn deffn-whatever
      %   @vindex index-whatever
      %   Description.
      % would allow a break between the index-whatever whatsit
      % and the "Description." paragraph.
      \ifnum\count255>9999 \penalty\count255 \fi
    \else
      % On the other hand, if we had a nonzero \lastskip,
      % this make-up glue would be preceded by a non-discardable item
      % (the whatsit from the \write), so we must insert a \nobreak.
      \nobreak\vskip\skip0
    \fi
  }
  
  % The index entry written in the file actually looks like
  %  \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}
  % or
  %  \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}{subtopic}
  % The texindex program reads in these files and writes files
  % containing these kinds of lines:
  %  \initial {c}
  %     before the first topic whose initial is c
  %  \entry {topic}{pagelist}
  %     for a topic that is used without subtopics
  %  \primary {topic}
  %     for the beginning of a topic that is used with subtopics
  %  \secondary {subtopic}{pagelist}
  %     for each subtopic.
  
  % Define the user-accessible indexing commands
  % @findex, @vindex, @kindex, @cindex.
  
  \def\findex {\fnindex}
  \def\kindex {\kyindex}
  \def\cindex {\cpindex}
  \def\vindex {\vrindex}
  \def\tindex {\tpindex}
  \def\pindex {\pgindex}
  
  \def\cindexsub {\begingroup\obeylines\cindexsub}
  {\obeylines %
  \gdef\cindexsub "#1" #2^^M{\endgroup %
  \dosubind{cp}{#2}{#1}}}
  
  % Define the macros used in formatting output of the sorted index material.
  
  % @printindex causes a particular index (the ??s file) to get printed.
  % It does not print any chapter heading (usually an @unnumbered).
  %
  \parseargdef\printindex{\begingroup
    \dobreak \chapheadingskip{10000}%
    %
    \smallfonts \rm
    \tolerance = 9500
    \everypar = {}% don't want the \kern\-parindent from indentation suppression.
    %
    % See if the index file exists and is nonempty.
    % Change catcode of @ here so that if the index file contains
    % \initial {@}
    % as its first line, TeX doesn't complain about mismatched braces
    % (because it thinks @} is a control sequence).
    \catcode`\@ = 11
    \openin 1 \jobname.#1s
    \ifeof 1
      % \enddoublecolumns gets confused if there is no text in the index,
      % and it loses the chapter title and the aux file entries for the
      % index.  The easiest way to prevent this problem is to make sure
      % there is some text.
      \putwordIndexNonexistent
    \else
      %
      % If the index file exists but is empty, then \openin leaves \ifeof
      % false.  We have to make TeX try to read something from the file, so
      % it can discover if there is anything in it.
      \read 1 to \temp
      \ifeof 1
        \putwordIndexIsEmpty
      \else
        % Index files are almost Texinfo source, but we use \ as the escape
        % character.  It would be better to use @, but that's too big a change
        % to make right now.
        \def\indexbackslash{\backslashcurfont}%
        \catcode`\\ = 0
        \escapechar = `\\
        \begindoublecolumns
        \input \jobname.#1s
        \enddoublecolumns
      \fi
    \fi
    \closein 1
  \endgroup}
  
  % These macros are used by the sorted index file itself.
  % Change them to control the appearance of the index.
  
  \def\initial#1{{%
    % Some minor font changes for the special characters.
    \let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt
    %
    % Remove any glue we may have, we'll be inserting our own.
    \removelastskip
    %
    % We like breaks before the index initials, so insert a bonus.
    \nobreak
    \vskip 0pt plus 3\baselineskip
    \penalty 0
    \vskip 0pt plus -3\baselineskip
    %
    % Typeset the initial.  Making this add up to a whole number of
    % baselineskips increases the chance of the dots lining up from column
    % to column.  It still won't often be perfect, because of the stretch
    % we need before each entry, but it's better.
    %
    % No shrink because it confuses \balancecolumns.
    \vskip 1.67\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip
    \leftline{\secbf #1}%
    % Do our best not to break after the initial.
    \nobreak
    \vskip .33\baselineskip plus .1\baselineskip
  }}
  
  % \entry typesets a paragraph consisting of the text (#1), dot leaders, and
  % then page number (#2) flushed to the right margin.  It is used for index
  % and table of contents entries.  The paragraph is indented by \leftskip.
  %
  % A straightforward implementation would start like this:
  %	\def\entry#1#2{...
  % But this frozes the catcodes in the argument, and can cause problems to
  % @code, which sets - active.  This problem was fixed by a kludge---
  % ``-'' was active throughout whole index, but this isn't really right.
  %
  % The right solution is to prevent \entry from swallowing the whole text.
  %                                 --kasal, 21nov03
  \def\entry{%
    \begingroup
      %
      % Start a new paragraph if necessary, so our assignments below can't
      % affect previous text.
      \par
      %
      % Do not fill out the last line with white space.
      \parfillskip = 0in
      %
      % No extra space above this paragraph.
      \parskip = 0in
      %
      % Do not prefer a separate line ending with a hyphen to fewer lines.
      \finalhyphendemerits = 0
      %
      % \hangindent is only relevant when the entry text and page number
      % don't both fit on one line.  In that case, bob suggests starting the
      % dots pretty far over on the line.  Unfortunately, a large
      % indentation looks wrong when the entry text itself is broken across
      % lines.  So we use a small indentation and put up with long leaders.
      %
      % \hangafter is reset to 1 (which is the value we want) at the start
      % of each paragraph, so we need not do anything with that.
      \hangindent = 2em
      %
      % When the entry text needs to be broken, just fill out the first line
      % with blank space.
      \rightskip = 0pt plus1fil
      %
      % A bit of stretch before each entry for the benefit of balancing
      % columns.
      \vskip 0pt plus1pt
      %
      % Swallow the left brace of the text (first parameter):
      \afterassignment\doentry
      \let\temp =
  }
  \def\doentry{%
      \bgroup % Instead of the swallowed brace.
        \noindent
        \aftergroup\finishentry
        % And now comes the text of the entry.
  }
  \def\finishentry#1{%
      % #1 is the page number.
      %
      % The following is kludged to not output a line of dots in the index if
      % there are no page numbers.  The next person who breaks this will be
      % cursed by a Unix daemon.
      \def\tempa{{\rm }}%
      \def\tempb{#1}%
      \edef\tempc{\tempa}%
      \edef\tempd{\tempb}%
      \ifx\tempc\tempd
        \ %
      \else
        %
        % If we must, put the page number on a line of its own, and fill out
        % this line with blank space.  (The \hfil is overwhelmed with the
        % fill leaders glue in \indexdotfill if the page number does fit.)
        \hfil\penalty50
        \null\nobreak\indexdotfill % Have leaders before the page number.
        %
        % The `\ ' here is removed by the implicit \unskip that TeX does as
        % part of (the primitive) \par.  Without it, a spurious underfull
        % \hbox ensues.
        \ifpdf
  	\pdfgettoks#1.%
  	\ \the\toksA
        \else
  	\ #1%
        \fi
      \fi
      \par
    \endgroup
  }
  
  % Like plain.tex's \dotfill, except uses up at least 1 em.
  \def\indexdotfill{\cleaders
    \hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu.\mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 1em plus 1fill}
  
  \def\primary #1{\line{#1\hfil}}
  
  \newskip\secondaryindent \secondaryindent=0.5cm
  \def\secondary#1#2{{%
    \parfillskip=0in
    \parskip=0in
    \hangindent=1in
    \hangafter=1
    \noindent\hskip\secondaryindent\hbox{#1}\indexdotfill
    \ifpdf
      \pdfgettoks#2.\ \the\toksA % The page number ends the paragraph.
    \else
      #2
    \fi
    \par
  }}
  
  % Define two-column mode, which we use to typeset indexes.
  % Adapted from the TeXbook, page 416, which is to say,
  % the manmac.tex format used to print the TeXbook itself.
  \catcode`\@=11
  
  \newbox\partialpage
  \newdimen\doublecolumnhsize
  
  \def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup % ended by \enddoublecolumns
    % Grab any single-column material above us.
    \output = {%
      %
      % Here is a possibility not foreseen in manmac: if we accumulate a
      % whole lot of material, we might end up calling this \output
      % routine twice in a row (see the doublecol-lose test, which is
      % essentially a couple of indexes with @setchapternewpage off).  In
      % that case we just ship out what is in \partialpage with the normal
      % output routine.  Generally, \partialpage will be empty when this
      % runs and this will be a no-op.  See the indexspread.tex test case.
      \ifvoid\partialpage \else
        \onepageout{\pagecontents\partialpage}%
      \fi
      %
      \global\setbox\partialpage = \vbox{%
        % Unvbox the main output page.
        \unvbox\PAGE
        \kern-\topskip \kern\baselineskip
      }%
    }%
    \eject % run that output routine to set \partialpage
    %
    % Use the double-column output routine for subsequent pages.
    \output = {\doublecolumnout}%
    %
    % Change the page size parameters.  We could do this once outside this
    % routine, in each of @smallbook, @afourpaper, and the default 8.5x11
    % format, but then we repeat the same computation.  Repeating a couple
    % of assignments once per index is clearly meaningless for the
    % execution time, so we may as well do it in one place.
    %
    % First we halve the line length, less a little for the gutter between
    % the columns.  We compute the gutter based on the line length, so it
    % changes automatically with the paper format.  The magic constant
    % below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +-<1pt)
    % as it did when we hard-coded it.
    %
    % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we
    % can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially)
    % been clobbered.
    %
    \doublecolumnhsize = \hsize
      \advance\doublecolumnhsize by -.04154\hsize
      \divide\doublecolumnhsize by 2
    \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize
    %
    % Double the \vsize as well.  (We don't need a separate register here,
    % since nobody clobbers \vsize.)
    \vsize = 2\vsize
  }
  
  % The double-column output routine for all double-column pages except
  % the last.
  %
  \def\doublecolumnout{%
    \splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth
    % Get the available space for the double columns -- the normal
    % (undoubled) page height minus any material left over from the
    % previous page.
    \dimen@ = \vsize
    \divide\dimen@ by 2
    \advance\dimen@ by -\ht\partialpage
    %
    % box0 will be the left-hand column, box2 the right.
    \setbox0=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \setbox2=\vsplit255 to\dimen@
    \onepageout\pagesofar
    \unvbox255
    \penalty\outputpenalty
  }
  %
  % Re-output the contents of the output page -- any previous material,
  % followed by the two boxes we just split, in box0 and box2.
  \def\pagesofar{%
    \unvbox\partialpage
    %
    \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize
    \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize
    \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}%
  }
  %
  % All done with double columns.
  \def\enddoublecolumns{%
    \output = {%
      % Split the last of the double-column material.  Leave it on the
      % current page, no automatic page break.
      \balancecolumns
      %
      % If we end up splitting too much material for the current page,
      % though, there will be another page break right after this \output
      % invocation ends.  Having called \balancecolumns once, we do not
      % want to call it again.  Therefore, reset \output to its normal
      % definition right away.  (We hope \balancecolumns will never be
      % called on to balance too much material, but if it is, this makes
      % the output somewhat more palatable.)
      \global\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}}%
    }%
    \eject
    \endgroup % started in \begindoublecolumns
    %
    % \pagegoal was set to the doubled \vsize above, since we restarted
    % the current page.  We're now back to normal single-column
    % typesetting, so reset \pagegoal to the normal \vsize (after the
    % \endgroup where \vsize got restored).
    \pagegoal = \vsize
  }
  %
  % Called at the end of the double column material.
  \def\balancecolumns{%
    \setbox0 = \vbox{\unvbox255}% like \box255 but more efficient, see p.120.
    \dimen@ = \ht0
    \advance\dimen@ by \topskip
    \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip
    \divide\dimen@ by 2 % target to split to
    %debug\message{final 2-column material height=\the\ht0, target=\the\dimen@.}%
    \splittopskip = \topskip
    % Loop until we get a decent breakpoint.
    {%
      \vbadness = 10000
      \loop
        \global\setbox3 = \copy0
        \global\setbox1 = \vsplit3 to \dimen@
      \ifdim\ht3>\dimen@
        \global\advance\dimen@ by 1pt
      \repeat
    }%
    %debug\message{split to \the\dimen@, column heights: \the\ht1, \the\ht3.}%
    \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1}%
    \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3}%
    %
    \pagesofar
  }
  \catcode`\@ = \other
  
  
  \message{sectioning,}
  % Chapters, sections, etc.
  
  % \unnumberedno is an oxymoron, of course.  But we count the unnumbered
  % sections so that we can refer to them unambiguously in the pdf
  % outlines by their "section number".  We avoid collisions with chapter
  % numbers by starting them at 10000.  (If a document ever has 10000
  % chapters, we're in trouble anyway, I'm sure.)
  \newcount\unnumberedno \unnumberedno = 10000
  \newcount\chapno
  \newcount\secno        \secno=0
  \newcount\subsecno     \subsecno=0
  \newcount\subsubsecno  \subsubsecno=0
  
  % This counter is funny since it counts through charcodes of letters A, B, ...
  \newcount\appendixno  \appendixno = `\@
  %
  % \def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno}
  % We do the following ugly conditional instead of the above simple
  % construct for the sake of pdftex, which needs the actual
  % letter in the expansion, not just typeset.
  %
  \def\appendixletter{%
    \ifnum\appendixno=`A A%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`B B%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`C C%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`D D%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`E E%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`F F%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`G G%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`H H%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`I I%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`J J%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`K K%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`L L%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`M M%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`N N%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`O O%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`P P%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Q Q%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`R R%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`S S%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`T T%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`U U%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`V V%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`W W%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`X X%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Y Y%
    \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Z Z%
    % The \the is necessary, despite appearances, because \appendixletter is
    % expanded while writing the .toc file.  \char\appendixno is not
    % expandable, thus it is written literally, thus all appendixes come out
    % with the same letter (or @) in the toc without it.
    \else\char\the\appendixno
    \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
    \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi}
  
  % Each @chapter defines this as the name of the chapter.
  % page headings and footings can use it.  @section does likewise.
  % However, they are not reliable, because we don't use marks.
  \def\thischapter{}
  \def\thissection{}
  
  \newcount\absseclevel % used to calculate proper heading level
  \newcount\secbase\secbase=0 % @raisesections/@lowersections modify this count
  
  % @raisesections: treat @section as chapter, @subsection as section, etc.
  \def\raisesections{\global\advance\secbase by -1}
  \let\up=\raisesections % original BFox name
  
  % @lowersections: treat @chapter as section, @section as subsection, etc.
  \def\lowersections{\global\advance\secbase by 1}
  \let\down=\lowersections % original BFox name
  
  % we only have subsub.
  \chardef\maxseclevel = 3
  %
  % A numbered section within an unnumbered changes to unnumbered too.
  % To achive this, remember the "biggest" unnum. sec. we are currently in:
  \chardef\unmlevel = \maxseclevel
  %
  % Trace whether the current chapter is an appendix or not:
  % \chapheadtype is "N" or "A", unnumbered chapters are ignored.
  \def\chapheadtype{N}
  
  % Choose a heading macro
  % #1 is heading type
  % #2 is heading level
  % #3 is text for heading
  \def\genhead#1#2#3{%
    % Compute the abs. sec. level:
    \absseclevel=#2
    \advance\absseclevel by \secbase
    % Make sure \absseclevel doesn't fall outside the range:
    \ifnum \absseclevel < 0
      \absseclevel = 0
    \else
      \ifnum \absseclevel > 3
        \absseclevel = 3
      \fi
    \fi
    % The heading type:
    \def\headtype{#1}%
    \if \headtype U%
      \ifnum \absseclevel < \unmlevel
        \chardef\unmlevel = \absseclevel
      \fi
    \else
      % Check for appendix sections:
      \ifnum \absseclevel = 0
        \edef\chapheadtype{\headtype}%
      \else
        \if \headtype A\if \chapheadtype N%
  	\errmessage{@appendix... within a non-appendix chapter}%
        \fi\fi
      \fi
      % Check for numbered within unnumbered:
      \ifnum \absseclevel > \unmlevel
        \def\headtype{U}%
      \else
        \chardef\unmlevel = 3
      \fi
    \fi
    % Now print the heading:
    \if \headtype U%
      \ifcase\absseclevel
  	\unnumberedzzz{#3}%
      \or \unnumberedseczzz{#3}%
      \or \unnumberedsubseczzz{#3}%
      \or \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#3}%
      \fi
    \else
      \if \headtype A%
        \ifcase\absseclevel
  	  \appendixzzz{#3}%
        \or \appendixsectionzzz{#3}%
        \or \appendixsubseczzz{#3}%
        \or \appendixsubsubseczzz{#3}%
        \fi
      \else
        \ifcase\absseclevel
  	  \chapterzzz{#3}%
        \or \seczzz{#3}%
        \or \numberedsubseczzz{#3}%
        \or \numberedsubsubseczzz{#3}%
        \fi
      \fi
    \fi
    \suppressfirstparagraphindent
  }
  
  % an interface:
  \def\numhead{\genhead N}
  \def\apphead{\genhead A}
  \def\unnmhead{\genhead U}
  
  % @chapter, @appendix, @unnumbered.  Increment top-level counter, reset
  % all lower-level sectioning counters to zero.
  %
  % Also set \chaplevelprefix, which we prepend to @float sequence numbers
  % (e.g., figures), q.v.  By default (before any chapter), that is empty.
  \let\chaplevelprefix = \empty
  %
  \outer\parseargdef\chapter{\numhead0{#1}} % normally numhead0 calls chapterzzz
  \def\chapterzzz#1{%
    % section resetting is \global in case the chapter is in a group, such
    % as an @include file.
    \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0
      \global\advance\chapno by 1
    %
    % Used for \float.
    \gdef\chaplevelprefix{\the\chapno.}%
    \resetallfloatnos
    %
    \message{\putwordChapter\space \the\chapno}%
    %
    % Write the actual heading.
    \chapmacro{#1}{Ynumbered}{\the\chapno}%
    %
    % So @section and the like are numbered underneath this chapter.
    \global\let\section = \numberedsec
    \global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec
    \global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec
  }
  
  \outer\parseargdef\appendix{\apphead0{#1}} % normally apphead0 calls appendixzzz
  \def\appendixzzz#1{%
    \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0
      \global\advance\appendixno by 1
    \gdef\chaplevelprefix{\appendixletter.}%
    \resetallfloatnos
    %
    \def\appendixnum{\putwordAppendix\space \appendixletter}%
    \message{\appendixnum}%
    %
    \chapmacro{#1}{Yappendix}{\appendixletter}%
    %
    \global\let\section = \appendixsec
    \global\let\subsection = \appendixsubsec
    \global\let\subsubsection = \appendixsubsubsec
  }
  
  \outer\parseargdef\unnumbered{\unnmhead0{#1}} % normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz
  \def\unnumberedzzz#1{%
    \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0
      \global\advance\unnumberedno by 1
    %
    % Since an unnumbered has no number, no prefix for figures.
    \global\let\chaplevelprefix = \empty
    \resetallfloatnos
    %
    % This used to be simply \message{#1}, but TeX fully expands the
    % argument to \message.  Therefore, if #1 contained @-commands, TeX
    % expanded them.  For example, in `@unnumbered The @cite{Book}', TeX
    % expanded @cite (which turns out to cause errors because \cite is meant
    % to be executed, not expanded).
    %
    % Anyway, we don't want the fully-expanded definition of @cite to appear
    % as a result of the \message, we just want `@cite' itself.  We use
    % \the<toks register> to achieve this: TeX expands \the<toks> only once,
    % simply yielding the contents of <toks register>.  (We also do this for
    % the toc entries.)
    \toks0 = {#1}%
    \message{(\the\toks0)}%
    %
    \chapmacro{#1}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno}%
    %
    \global\let\section = \unnumberedsec
    \global\let\subsection = \unnumberedsubsec
    \global\let\subsubsection = \unnumberedsubsubsec
  }
  
  % @centerchap is like @unnumbered, but the heading is centered.
  \outer\parseargdef\centerchap{%
    % Well, we could do the following in a group, but that would break
    % an assumption that \chapmacro is called at the outermost level.
    % Thus we are safer this way:		--kasal, 24feb04
    \let\centerparametersmaybe = \centerparameters
    \unnmhead0{#1}%
    \let\centerparametersmaybe = \relax
  }
  
  % @top is like @unnumbered.
  \let\top\unnumbered
  
  % Sections.
  \outer\parseargdef\numberedsec{\numhead1{#1}} % normally calls seczzz
  \def\seczzz#1{%
    \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\secno by 1
    \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Ynumbered}{\the\chapno.\the\secno}%
  }
  
  \outer\parseargdef\appendixsection{\apphead1{#1}} % normally calls appendixsectionzzz
  \def\appendixsectionzzz#1{%
    \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\secno by 1
    \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Yappendix}{\appendixletter.\the\secno}%
  }
  \let\appendixsec\appendixsection
  
  \outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsec{\unnmhead1{#1}} % normally calls unnumberedseczzz
  \def\unnumberedseczzz#1{%
    \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\secno by 1
    \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno}%
  }
  
  % Subsections.
  \outer\parseargdef\numberedsubsec{\numhead2{#1}} % normally calls numberedsubseczzz
  \def\numberedsubseczzz#1{%
    \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\subsecno by 1
    \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Ynumbered}{\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}%
  }
  
  \outer\parseargdef\appendixsubsec{\apphead2{#1}} % normally calls appendixsubseczzz
  \def\appendixsubseczzz#1{%
    \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\subsecno by 1
    \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Yappendix}%
                   {\appendixletter.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}%
  }
  
  \outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsubsec{\unnmhead2{#1}} %normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz
  \def\unnumberedsubseczzz#1{%
    \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\subsecno by 1
    \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Ynothing}%
                   {\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}%
  }
  
  % Subsubsections.
  \outer\parseargdef\numberedsubsubsec{\numhead3{#1}} % normally numberedsubsubseczzz
  \def\numberedsubsubseczzz#1{%
    \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1
    \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Ynumbered}%
                   {\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}%
  }
  
  \outer\parseargdef\appendixsubsubsec{\apphead3{#1}} % normally appendixsubsubseczzz
  \def\appendixsubsubseczzz#1{%
    \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1
    \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Yappendix}%
                   {\appendixletter.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}%
  }
  
  \outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsubsubsec{\unnmhead3{#1}} %normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz
  \def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz#1{%
    \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1
    \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Ynothing}%
                   {\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}%
  }
  
  % These macros control what the section commands do, according
  % to what kind of chapter we are in (ordinary, appendix, or unnumbered).
  % Define them by default for a numbered chapter.
  \let\section = \numberedsec
  \let\subsection = \numberedsubsec
  \let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec
  
  % Define @majorheading, @heading and @subheading
  
  % NOTE on use of \vbox for chapter headings, section headings, and such:
  %       1) We use \vbox rather than the earlier \line to permit
  %          overlong headings to fold.
  %       2) \hyphenpenalty is set to 10000 because hyphenation in a
  %          heading is obnoxious; this forbids it.
  %       3) Likewise, headings look best if no \parindent is used, and
  %          if justification is not attempted.  Hence \raggedright.
  
  
  \def\majorheading{%
    {\advance\chapheadingskip by 10pt \chapbreak }%
    \parsearg\chapheadingzzz
  }
  
  \def\chapheading{\chapbreak \parsearg\chapheadingzzz}
  \def\chapheadingzzz#1{%
    {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
                      \parindent=0pt\raggedright
                      \rm #1\hfill}}%
    \bigskip \par\penalty 200\relax
    \suppressfirstparagraphindent
  }
  
  % @heading, @subheading, @subsubheading.
  \parseargdef\heading{\sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Yomitfromtoc}{}
    \suppressfirstparagraphindent}
  \parseargdef\subheading{\sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Yomitfromtoc}{}
    \suppressfirstparagraphindent}
  \parseargdef\subsubheading{\sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Yomitfromtoc}{}
    \suppressfirstparagraphindent}
  
  % These macros generate a chapter, section, etc. heading only
  % (including whitespace, linebreaking, etc. around it),
  % given all the information in convenient, parsed form.
  
  %%% Args are the skip and penalty (usually negative)
  \def\dobreak#1#2{\par\ifdim\lastskip<#1\removelastskip\penalty#2\vskip#1\fi}
  
  %%% Define plain chapter starts, and page on/off switching for it
  % Parameter controlling skip before chapter headings (if needed)
  
  \newskip\chapheadingskip
  
  \def\chapbreak{\dobreak \chapheadingskip {-4000}}
  \def\chappager{\par\vfill\supereject}
  \def\chapoddpage{\chappager \ifodd\pageno \else \hbox to 0pt{} \chappager\fi}
  
  \def\setchapternewpage #1 {\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname}
  
  \def\CHAPPAGoff{%
  \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
  \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapbreak
  \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager}
  
  \def\CHAPPAGon{%
  \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
  \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chappager
  \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager
  \global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSsingle}}
  
  \def\CHAPPAGodd{%
  \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
  \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage
  \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chapoddpage
  \global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}}
  
  \CHAPPAGon
  
  % Chapter opening.
  %
  % #1 is the text, #2 is the section type (Ynumbered, Ynothing,
  % Yappendix, Yomitfromtoc), #3 the chapter number.
  %
  % To test against our argument.
  \def\Ynothingkeyword{Ynothing}
  \def\Yomitfromtockeyword{Yomitfromtoc}
  \def\Yappendixkeyword{Yappendix}
  %
  \def\chapmacro#1#2#3{%
    \pchapsepmacro
    {%
      \chapfonts \rm
      %
      % Have to define \thissection before calling \donoderef, because the
      % xref code eventually uses it.  On the other hand, it has to be called
      % after \pchapsepmacro, or the headline will change too soon.
      \gdef\thissection{#1}%
      \gdef\thischaptername{#1}%
      %
      % Only insert the separating space if we have a chapter/appendix
      % number, and don't print the unnumbered ``number''.
      \def\temptype{#2}%
      \ifx\temptype\Ynothingkeyword
        \setbox0 = \hbox{}%
        \def\toctype{unnchap}%
        \gdef\thischapternum{}%
        \gdef\thischapter{#1}%
      \else\ifx\temptype\Yomitfromtockeyword
        \setbox0 = \hbox{}% contents like unnumbered, but no toc entry
        \def\toctype{omit}%
        \gdef\thischapternum{}%
        \gdef\thischapter{}%
      \else\ifx\temptype\Yappendixkeyword
        \setbox0 = \hbox{\putwordAppendix{} #3\enspace}%
        \def\toctype{app}%
        \xdef\thischapternum{\appendixletter}%
        % We don't substitute the actual chapter name into \thischapter
        % because we don't want its macros evaluated now.  And we don't
        % use \thissection because that changes with each section.
        %
        \xdef\thischapter{\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter:
                          \noexpand\thischaptername}%
      \else
        \setbox0 = \hbox{#3\enspace}%
        \def\toctype{numchap}%
        \xdef\thischapternum{\the\chapno}%
        \xdef\thischapter{\putwordChapter{} \the\chapno:
                          \noexpand\thischaptername}%
      \fi\fi\fi
      %
      % Write the toc entry for this chapter.  Must come before the
      % \donoderef, because we include the current node name in the toc
      % entry, and \donoderef resets it to empty.
      \writetocentry{\toctype}{#1}{#3}%
      %
      % For pdftex, we have to write out the node definition (aka, make
      % the pdfdest) after any page break, but before the actual text has
      % been typeset.  If the destination for the pdf outline is after the
      % text, then jumping from the outline may wind up with the text not
      % being visible, for instance under high magnification.
      \donoderef{#2}%
      %
      % Typeset the actual heading.
      \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt \raggedright
            \hangindent=\wd0 \centerparametersmaybe
            \unhbox0 #1\par}%
    }%
    \nobreak\bigskip % no page break after a chapter title
    \nobreak
  }
  
  % @centerchap -- centered and unnumbered.
  \let\centerparametersmaybe = \relax
  \def\centerparameters{%
    \advance\rightskip by 3\rightskip
    \leftskip = \rightskip
    \parfillskip = 0pt
  }
  
  
  % I don't think this chapter style is supported any more, so I'm not
  % updating it with the new noderef stuff.  We'll see.  --karl, 11aug03.
  %
  \def\setchapterstyle #1 {\csname CHAPF#1\endcsname}
  %
  \def\unnchfopen #1{%
  \chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
                         \parindent=0pt\raggedright
                         \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak
  }
  \def\chfopen #1#2{\chapoddpage {\chapfonts
  \vbox to 3in{\vfil \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #2} \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #1} \vfil}}%
  \par\penalty 5000 %
  }
  \def\centerchfopen #1{%
  \chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
                         \parindent=0pt
                         \hfill {\rm #1}\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak
  }
  \def\CHAPFopen{%
    \global\let\chapmacro=\chfopen
    \global\let\centerchapmacro=\centerchfopen}
  
  
  % Section titles.  These macros combine the section number parts and
  % call the generic \sectionheading to do the printing.
  %
  \newskip\secheadingskip
  \def\secheadingbreak{\dobreak \secheadingskip{-1000}}
  
  % Subsection titles.
  \newskip\subsecheadingskip
  \def\subsecheadingbreak{\dobreak \subsecheadingskip{-500}}
  
  % Subsubsection titles.
  \def\subsubsecheadingskip{\subsecheadingskip}
  \def\subsubsecheadingbreak{\subsecheadingbreak}
  
  
  % Print any size, any type, section title.
  %
  % #1 is the text, #2 is the section level (sec/subsec/subsubsec), #3 is
  % the section type for xrefs (Ynumbered, Ynothing, Yappendix), #4 is the
  % section number.
  %
  \def\sectionheading#1#2#3#4{%
    {%
      % Switch to the right set of fonts.
      \csname #2fonts\endcsname \rm
      %
      % Insert space above the heading.
      \csname #2headingbreak\endcsname
      %
      % Only insert the space after the number if we have a section number.
      \def\sectionlevel{#2}%
      \def\temptype{#3}%
      %
      \ifx\temptype\Ynothingkeyword
        \setbox0 = \hbox{}%
        \def\toctype{unn}%
        \gdef\thissection{#1}%
      \else\ifx\temptype\Yomitfromtockeyword
        % for @headings -- no section number, don't include in toc,
        % and don't redefine \thissection.
        \setbox0 = \hbox{}%
        \def\toctype{omit}%
        \let\sectionlevel=\empty
      \else\ifx\temptype\Yappendixkeyword
        \setbox0 = \hbox{#4\enspace}%
        \def\toctype{app}%
        \gdef\thissection{#1}%
      \else
        \setbox0 = \hbox{#4\enspace}%
        \def\toctype{num}%
        \gdef\thissection{#1}%
      \fi\fi\fi
      %
      % Write the toc entry (before \donoderef).  See comments in \chapmacro.
      \writetocentry{\toctype\sectionlevel}{#1}{#4}%
      %
      % Write the node reference (= pdf destination for pdftex).
      % Again, see comments in \chapmacro.
      \donoderef{#3}%
      %
      % Interline glue will be inserted when the vbox is completed.
      % That glue will be a valid breakpoint for the page, since it'll be
      % preceded by a whatsit (usually from the \donoderef, or from the
      % \writetocentry if there was no node).  We don't want to allow that
      % break, since then the whatsits could end up on page n while the
      % section is on page n+1, thus toc/etc. are wrong.  Debian bug 276000.
      \nobreak
      %
      % Output the actual section heading.
      \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt \raggedright
            \hangindent=\wd0  % zero if no section number
            \unhbox0 #1}%
    }%
    % Add extra space after the heading -- half of whatever came above it.
    % Don't allow stretch, though.
    \kern .5 \csname #2headingskip\endcsname
    %
    % Do not let the kern be a potential breakpoint, as it would be if it
    % was followed by glue.
    \nobreak
    %
    % We'll almost certainly start a paragraph next, so don't let that
    % glue accumulate.  (Not a breakpoint because it's preceded by a
    % discardable item.)
    \vskip-\parskip
    % 
    % This is purely so the last item on the list is a known \penalty >
    % 10000.  This is so \startdefun can avoid allowing breakpoints after
    % section headings.  Otherwise, it would insert a valid breakpoint between:
    % 
    %   @section sec-whatever
    %   @deffn def-whatever
    \penalty 10001
  }
  
  
  \message{toc,}
  % Table of contents.
  \newwrite\tocfile
  
  % Write an entry to the toc file, opening it if necessary.
  % Called from @chapter, etc.
  %
  % Example usage: \writetocentry{sec}{Section Name}{\the\chapno.\the\secno}
  % We append the current node name (if any) and page number as additional
  % arguments for the \{chap,sec,...}entry macros which will eventually
  % read this.  The node name is used in the pdf outlines as the
  % destination to jump to.
  %
  % We open the .toc file for writing here instead of at @setfilename (or
  % any other fixed time) so that @contents can be anywhere in the document.
  % But if #1 is `omit', then we don't do anything.  This is used for the
  % table of contents chapter openings themselves.
  %
  \newif\iftocfileopened
  \def\omitkeyword{omit}%
  %
  \def\writetocentry#1#2#3{%
    \edef\writetoctype{#1}%
    \ifx\writetoctype\omitkeyword \else
      \iftocfileopened\else
        \immediate\openout\tocfile = \jobname.toc
        \global\tocfileopenedtrue
      \fi
      %
      \iflinks
        {\atdummies
         \edef\temp{%
           \write\tocfile{@#1entry{#2}{#3}{\lastnode}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
         \temp
        }%
      \fi
    \fi
    %
    % Tell \shipout to create a pdf destination on each page, if we're
    % writing pdf.  These are used in the table of contents.  We can't
    % just write one on every page because the title pages are numbered
    % 1 and 2 (the page numbers aren't printed), and so are the first
    % two pages of the document.  Thus, we'd have two destinations named
    % `1', and two named `2'.
    \ifpdf \global\pdfmakepagedesttrue \fi
  }
  
  
  % These characters do not print properly in the Computer Modern roman
  % fonts, so we must take special care.  This is more or less redundant
  % with the Texinfo input format setup at the end of this file.
  % 
  \def\activecatcodes{%
    \catcode`\"=\active
    \catcode`\$=\active
    \catcode`\<=\active
    \catcode`\>=\active
    \catcode`\\=\active
    \catcode`\^=\active
    \catcode`\_=\active
    \catcode`\|=\active
    \catcode`\~=\active
  }
  
  
  % Read the toc file, which is essentially Texinfo input.
  \def\readtocfile{%
    \setupdatafile
    \activecatcodes
    \input \jobname.toc
  }
  
  \newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in
  \newcount\savepageno
  \newcount\lastnegativepageno \lastnegativepageno = -1
  
  % Prepare to read what we've written to \tocfile.
  %
  \def\startcontents#1{%
    % If @setchapternewpage on, and @headings double, the contents should
    % start on an odd page, unlike chapters.  Thus, we maintain
    % \contentsalignmacro in parallel with \pagealignmacro.
    % From: Torbjorn Granlund <tege@matematik.su.se>
    \contentsalignmacro
    \immediate\closeout\tocfile
    %
    % Don't need to put `Contents' or `Short Contents' in the headline.
    % It is abundantly clear what they are.
    \def\thischapter{}%
    \chapmacro{#1}{Yomitfromtoc}{}%
    %
    \savepageno = \pageno
    \begingroup                  % Set up to handle contents files properly.
      \raggedbottom              % Worry more about breakpoints than the bottom.
      \advance\hsize by -\contentsrightmargin % Don't use the full line length.
      %
      % Roman numerals for page numbers.
      \ifnum \pageno>0 \global\pageno = \lastnegativepageno \fi
  }
  
  
  % Normal (long) toc.
  \def\contents{%
    \startcontents{\putwordTOC}%
      \openin 1 \jobname.toc
      \ifeof 1 \else
        \readtocfile
      \fi
      \vfill \eject
      \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect
      \ifeof 1 \else
        \pdfmakeoutlines
      \fi
      \closein 1
    \endgroup
    \lastnegativepageno = \pageno
    \global\pageno = \savepageno
  }
  
  % And just the chapters.
  \def\summarycontents{%
    \startcontents{\putwordShortTOC}%
      %
      \let\numchapentry = \shortchapentry
      \let\appentry = \shortchapentry
      \let\unnchapentry = \shortunnchapentry
      % We want a true roman here for the page numbers.
      \secfonts
      \let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf
      \let\sl=\shortcontsl \let\tt=\shortconttt
      \rm
      \hyphenpenalty = 10000
      \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little.
      \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{}
      \let\appsecentry = \numsecentry
      \let\unnsecentry = \numsecentry
      \let\numsubsecentry = \numsecentry
      \let\appsubsecentry = \numsecentry
      \let\unnsubsecentry = \numsecentry
      \let\numsubsubsecentry = \numsecentry
      \let\appsubsubsecentry = \numsecentry
      \let\unnsubsubsecentry = \numsecentry
      \openin 1 \jobname.toc
      \ifeof 1 \else
        \readtocfile
      \fi
      \closein 1
      \vfill \eject
      \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect
    \endgroup
    \lastnegativepageno = \pageno
    \global\pageno = \savepageno
  }
  \let\shortcontents = \summarycontents
  
  % Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents.
  % The arg is, e.g., `A' for an appendix, or `3' for a chapter.
  %
  \def\shortchaplabel#1{%
    % This space should be enough, since a single number is .5em, and the
    % widest letter (M) is 1em, at least in the Computer Modern fonts.
    % But use \hss just in case.
    % (This space doesn't include the extra space that gets added after
    % the label; that gets put in by \shortchapentry above.)
    %
    % We'd like to right-justify chapter numbers, but that looks strange
    % with appendix letters.  And right-justifying numbers and
    % left-justifying letters looks strange when there is less than 10
    % chapters.  Have to read the whole toc once to know how many chapters
    % there are before deciding ...
    \hbox to 1em{#1\hss}%
  }
  
  % These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents.
  % The first argument is the chapter or section name.
  % The last argument is the page number.
  % The arguments in between are the chapter number, section number, ...
  
  % Chapters, in the main contents.
  \def\numchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
  %
  % Chapters, in the short toc.
  % See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings.
  \def\shortchapentry#1#2#3#4{%
    \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}%
  }
  
  % Appendices, in the main contents.
  % Need the word Appendix, and a fixed-size box.
  %
  \def\appendixbox#1{%
    % We use M since it's probably the widest letter.
    \setbox0 = \hbox{\putwordAppendix{} M}%
    \hbox to \wd0{\putwordAppendix{} #1\hss}}
  %
  \def\appentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{\appendixbox{#2}\labelspace#1}{#4}}
  
  % Unnumbered chapters.
  \def\unnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#1}{#4}}
  \def\shortunnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}}
  
  % Sections.
  \def\numsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
  \let\appsecentry=\numsecentry
  \def\unnsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#1}{#4}}
  
  % Subsections.
  \def\numsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
  \let\appsubsecentry=\numsubsecentry
  \def\unnsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsecentry{#1}{#4}}
  
  % And subsubsections.
  \def\numsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
  \let\appsubsubsecentry=\numsubsubsecentry
  \def\unnsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#4}}
  
  % This parameter controls the indentation of the various levels.
  % Same as \defaultparindent.
  \newdimen\tocindent \tocindent = 15pt
  
  % Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text and #2 is the
  % page number.
  %
  % If the toc has to be broken over pages, we want it to be at chapters
  % if at all possible; hence the \penalty.
  \def\dochapentry#1#2{%
     \penalty-300 \vskip1\baselineskip plus.33\baselineskip minus.25\baselineskip
     \begingroup
       \chapentryfonts
       \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
     \endgroup
     \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip plus.1\baselineskip
  }
  
  \def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup
    \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent
    \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
  \endgroup}
  
  \def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
    \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent
    \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
  \endgroup}
  
  \def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
    \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent
    \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
  \endgroup}
  
  % We use the same \entry macro as for the index entries.
  \let\tocentry = \entry
  
  % Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title.
  \def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax}
  
  \def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}}
  \def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}}
  
  \def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm}
  \def\secentryfonts{\textfonts}
  \def\subsecentryfonts{\textfonts}
  \def\subsubsecentryfonts{\textfonts}
  
  
  \message{environments,}
  % @foo ... @end foo.
  
  % @point{}, @result{}, @expansion{}, @print{}, @equiv{}.
  %
  % Since these characters are used in examples, it should be an even number of
  % \tt widths. Each \tt character is 1en, so two makes it 1em.
  %
  \def\point{$\star$}
  \def\result{\leavevmode\raise.15ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}}
  \def\expansion{\leavevmode\raise.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}}
  \def\print{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}}
  \def\equiv{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}}
  
  % The @error{} command.
  % Adapted from the TeXbook's \boxit.
  %
  \newbox\errorbox
  %
  {\tentt \global\dimen0 = 3em}% Width of the box.
  \dimen2 = .55pt % Thickness of rules
  % The text. (`r' is open on the right, `e' somewhat less so on the left.)
  \setbox0 = \hbox{\kern-.75pt \reducedsf error\kern-1.5pt}
  %
  \setbox\errorbox=\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil
     \hsize = \dimen0 \advance\hsize by -5.8pt % Space to left+right.
     \advance\hsize by -2\dimen2 % Rules.
     \vbox{%
        \hrule height\dimen2
        \hbox{\vrule width\dimen2 \kern3pt          % Space to left of text.
           \vtop{\kern2.4pt \box0 \kern2.4pt}% Space above/below.
           \kern3pt\vrule width\dimen2}% Space to right.
        \hrule height\dimen2}
      \hfil}
  %
  \def\error{\leavevmode\lower.7ex\copy\errorbox}
  
  % @tex ... @end tex    escapes into raw Tex temporarily.
  % One exception: @ is still an escape character, so that @end tex works.
  % But \@ or @@ will get a plain tex @ character.
  
  \envdef\tex{%
    \catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2
    \catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6
    \catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=\active \let~=\tie
    \catcode `\%=14
    \catcode `\+=\other
    \catcode `\"=\other
    \catcode `\|=\other
    \catcode `\<=\other
    \catcode `\>=\other
    \escapechar=`\\
    %
    \let\b=\ptexb
    \let\bullet=\ptexbullet
    \let\c=\ptexc
    \let\,=\ptexcomma
    \let\.=\ptexdot
    \let\dots=\ptexdots
    \let\equiv=\ptexequiv
    \let\!=\ptexexclam
    \let\i=\ptexi
    \let\indent=\ptexindent
    \let\noindent=\ptexnoindent
    \let\{=\ptexlbrace
    \let\+=\tabalign
    \let\}=\ptexrbrace
    \let\/=\ptexslash
    \let\*=\ptexstar
    \let\t=\ptext
    \let\frenchspacing=\plainfrenchspacing
    %
    \def\endldots{\mathinner{\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots}}%
    \def\enddots{\relax\ifmmode\endldots\else$\mathsurround=0pt \endldots\,$\fi}%
    \def\@{@}%
  }
  % There is no need to define \Etex.
  
  % Define @lisp ... @end lisp.
  % @lisp environment forms a group so it can rebind things,
  % including the definition of @end lisp (which normally is erroneous).
  
  % Amount to narrow the margins by for @lisp.
  \newskip\lispnarrowing \lispnarrowing=0.4in
  
  % This is the definition that ^^M gets inside @lisp, @example, and other
  % such environments.  \null is better than a space, since it doesn't
  % have any width.
  \def\lisppar{\null\endgraf}
  
  % This space is always present above and below environments.
  \newskip\envskipamount \envskipamount = 0pt
  
  % Make spacing and below environment symmetrical.  We use \parskip here
  % to help in doing that, since in @example-like environments \parskip
  % is reset to zero; thus the \afterenvbreak inserts no space -- but the
  % start of the next paragraph will insert \parskip.
  %
  \def\aboveenvbreak{{%
    % =10000 instead of <10000 because of a special case in \itemzzz and
    % \sectionheading, q.v.
    \ifnum \lastpenalty=10000 \else
      \advance\envskipamount by \parskip
      \endgraf
      \ifdim\lastskip<\envskipamount
        \removelastskip
        % it's not a good place to break if the last penalty was \nobreak
        % or better ...
        \ifnum\lastpenalty<10000 \penalty-50 \fi
        \vskip\envskipamount
      \fi
    \fi
  }}
  
  \let\afterenvbreak = \aboveenvbreak
  
  % \nonarrowing is a flag.  If "set", @lisp etc don't narrow margins; it will
  % also clear it, so that its embedded environments do the narrowing again.
  \let\nonarrowing=\relax
  
  % @cartouche ... @end cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around
  % environment contents.
  \font\circle=lcircle10
  \newdimen\circthick
  \newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner
  \newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip
  \circthick=\fontdimen8\circle
  %
  \def\ctl{{\circle\char'013\hskip -6pt}}% 6pt from pl file: 1/2charwidth
  \def\ctr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'010}}
  \def\cbl{{\circle\char'012\hskip -6pt}}
  \def\cbr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'011}}
  \def\carttop{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip
          \ctl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\ctr
          \hskip\rskip}}
  \def\cartbot{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip
          \cbl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\cbr
          \hskip\rskip}}
  %
  \newskip\lskip\newskip\rskip
  
  \envdef\cartouche{%
    \ifhmode\par\fi  % can't be in the midst of a paragraph.
    \startsavinginserts
    \lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip
    \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt % we want these *outside*.
    \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip
    \advance\cartinner by-\rskip
    \cartouter=\hsize
    \advance\cartouter by 18.4pt	% allow for 3pt kerns on either
  				% side, and for 6pt waste from
  				% each corner char, and rule thickness
    \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip
    % Flag to tell @lisp, etc., not to narrow margin.
    \let\nonarrowing = t%
    \vbox\bgroup
        \baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt
        \carttop
        \hbox\bgroup
  	  \hskip\lskip
  	  \vrule\kern3pt
  	  \vbox\bgroup
  	      \kern3pt
  	      \hsize=\cartinner
  	      \baselineskip=\normbskip
  	      \lineskip=\normlskip
  	      \parskip=\normpskip
  	      \vskip -\parskip
  	      \comment % For explanation, see the end of \def\group.
  }
  \def\Ecartouche{%
                \ifhmode\par\fi
  	      \kern3pt
  	  \egroup
  	  \kern3pt\vrule
  	  \hskip\rskip
        \egroup
        \cartbot
    \egroup
    \checkinserts
  }
  
  
  % This macro is called at the beginning of all the @example variants,
  % inside a group.
  \def\nonfillstart{%
    \aboveenvbreak
    \hfuzz = 12pt % Don't be fussy
    \sepspaces % Make spaces be word-separators rather than space tokens.
    \let\par = \lisppar % don't ignore blank lines
    \obeylines % each line of input is a line of output
    \parskip = 0pt
    \parindent = 0pt
    \emergencystretch = 0pt % don't try to avoid overfull boxes
    \ifx\nonarrowing\relax
      \advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing
      \exdentamount=\lispnarrowing
    \else
      \let\nonarrowing = \relax
    \fi
    \let\exdent=\nofillexdent
  }
  
  % If you want all examples etc. small: @set dispenvsize small.
  % If you want even small examples the full size: @set dispenvsize nosmall.
  % This affects the following displayed environments:
  %    @example, @display, @format, @lisp
  %
  \def\smallword{small}
  \def\nosmallword{nosmall}
  \let\SETdispenvsize\relax
  \def\setnormaldispenv{%
    \ifx\SETdispenvsize\smallword
      \smallexamplefonts \rm
    \fi
  }
  \def\setsmalldispenv{%
    \ifx\SETdispenvsize\nosmallword
    \else
      \smallexamplefonts \rm
    \fi
  }
  
  % We often define two environments, @foo and @smallfoo.
  % Let's do it by one command:
  \def\makedispenv #1#2{
    \expandafter\envdef\csname#1\endcsname {\setnormaldispenv #2}
    \expandafter\envdef\csname small#1\endcsname {\setsmalldispenv #2}
    \expandafter\let\csname E#1\endcsname \afterenvbreak
    \expandafter\let\csname Esmall#1\endcsname \afterenvbreak
  }
  
  % Define two synonyms:
  \def\maketwodispenvs #1#2#3{
    \makedispenv{#1}{#3}
    \makedispenv{#2}{#3}
  }
  
  % @lisp: indented, narrowed, typewriter font; @example: same as @lisp.
  %
  % @smallexample and @smalllisp: use smaller fonts.
  % Originally contributed by Pavel@xerox.
  %
  \maketwodispenvs {lisp}{example}{%
    \nonfillstart
    \tt\quoteexpand
    \let\kbdfont = \kbdexamplefont % Allow @kbd to do something special.
    \gobble       % eat return
  }
  % @display/@smalldisplay: same as @lisp except keep current font.
  %
  \makedispenv {display}{%
    \nonfillstart
    \gobble
  }
  
  % @format/@smallformat: same as @display except don't narrow margins.
  %
  \makedispenv{format}{%
    \let\nonarrowing = t%
    \nonfillstart
    \gobble
  }
  
  % @flushleft: same as @format, but doesn't obey \SETdispenvsize.
  \envdef\flushleft{%
    \let\nonarrowing = t%
    \nonfillstart
    \gobble
  }
  \let\Eflushleft = \afterenvbreak
  
  % @flushright.
  %
  \envdef\flushright{%
    \let\nonarrowing = t%
    \nonfillstart
    \advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill
    \gobble
  }
  \let\Eflushright = \afterenvbreak
  
  
  % @quotation does normal linebreaking (hence we can't use \nonfillstart)
  % and narrows the margins.  We keep \parskip nonzero in general, since
  % we're doing normal filling.  So, when using \aboveenvbreak and
  % \afterenvbreak, temporarily make \parskip 0.
  %
  \envdef\quotation{%
    {\parskip=0pt \aboveenvbreak}% because \aboveenvbreak inserts \parskip
    \parindent=0pt
    %
    % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing at next level down.
    \ifx\nonarrowing\relax
      \advance\leftskip by \lispnarrowing
      \advance\rightskip by \lispnarrowing
      \exdentamount = \lispnarrowing
    \else
      \let\nonarrowing = \relax
    \fi
    \parsearg\quotationlabel
  }
  
  % We have retained a nonzero parskip for the environment, since we're
  % doing normal filling.
  %
  \def\Equotation{%
    \par
    \ifx\quotationauthor\undefined\else
      % indent a bit.
      \leftline{\kern 2\leftskip \sl ---\quotationauthor}%
    \fi
    {\parskip=0pt \afterenvbreak}%
  }
  
  % If we're given an argument, typeset it in bold with a colon after.
  \def\quotationlabel#1{%
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \ifx\temp\empty \else
      {\bf #1: }%
    \fi
  }
  
  
  % LaTeX-like @verbatim...@end verbatim and @verb{<char>...<char>}
  % If we want to allow any <char> as delimiter,
  % we need the curly braces so that makeinfo sees the @verb command, eg:
  % `@verbx...x' would look like the '@verbx' command.  --janneke@gnu.org
  %
  % [Knuth]: Donald Ervin Knuth, 1996.  The TeXbook.
  %
  % [Knuth] p.344; only we need to do the other characters Texinfo sets
  % active too.  Otherwise, they get lost as the first character on a
  % verbatim line.
  \def\dospecials{%
    \do\ \do\\\do\{\do\}\do\$\do\&%
    \do\#\do\^\do\^^K\do\_\do\^^A\do\%\do\~%
    \do\<\do\>\do\|\do\@\do+\do\"%
  }
  %
  % [Knuth] p. 380
  \def\uncatcodespecials{%
    \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials}
  %
  % [Knuth] pp. 380,381,391
  % Disable Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font
  \begingroup
    \catcode`\`=\active\gdef`{\relax\lq}
  \endgroup
  %
  % Setup for the @verb command.
  %
  % Eight spaces for a tab
  \begingroup
    \catcode`\^^I=\active
    \gdef\tabeightspaces{\catcode`\^^I=\active\def^^I{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}
  \endgroup
  %
  \def\setupverb{%
    \tt  % easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim
    \def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}%
    \catcode`\`=\active
    \tabeightspaces
    % Respect line breaks,
    % print special symbols as themselves, and
    % make each space count
    % must do in this order:
    \obeylines \uncatcodespecials \sepspaces
  }
  
  % Setup for the @verbatim environment
  %
  % Real tab expansion
  \newdimen\tabw \setbox0=\hbox{\tt\space} \tabw=8\wd0 % tab amount
  %
  \def\starttabbox{\setbox0=\hbox\bgroup}
  
  % Allow an option to not replace quotes with a regular directed right
  % quote/apostrophe (char 0x27), but instead use the undirected quote
  % from cmtt (char 0x0d).  The undirected quote is ugly, so don't make it
  % the default, but it works for pasting with more pdf viewers (at least
  % evince), the lilypond developers report.  xpdf does work with the
  % regular 0x27.  
  % 
  \def\codequoteright{%
    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETcodequoteundirected\endcsname\relax
      '%
    \else
      \char'15
    \fi
  }
  %
  % and a similar option for the left quote char vs. a grave accent.
  % Modern fonts display ASCII 0x60 as a grave accent, so some people like
  % the code environments to do likewise.
  % 
  \def\codequoteleft{%
    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETcodequotebacktick\endcsname\relax
      `%
    \else
      \char'22
    \fi
  }
  %
  \begingroup
    \catcode`\^^I=\active
    \gdef\tabexpand{%
      \catcode`\^^I=\active
      \def^^I{\leavevmode\egroup
        \dimen0=\wd0 % the width so far, or since the previous tab
        \divide\dimen0 by\tabw
        \multiply\dimen0 by\tabw % compute previous multiple of \tabw
        \advance\dimen0 by\tabw  % advance to next multiple of \tabw
        \wd0=\dimen0 \box0 \starttabbox
      }%
    }
    \catcode`\'=\active
    \gdef\rquoteexpand{\catcode\rquoteChar=\active \def'{\codequoteright}}%
    %
    \catcode`\`=\active
    \gdef\lquoteexpand{\catcode\lquoteChar=\active \def`{\codequoteleft}}%
    %
    \gdef\quoteexpand{\rquoteexpand \lquoteexpand}%
  \endgroup
  
  % start the verbatim environment.
  \def\setupverbatim{%
    \let\nonarrowing = t%
    \nonfillstart
    % Easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim
    \tt
    \def\par{\leavevmode\egroup\box0\endgraf}%
    \catcode`\`=\active
    \tabexpand
    \quoteexpand
    % Respect line breaks,
    % print special symbols as themselves, and
    % make each space count
    % must do in this order:
    \obeylines \uncatcodespecials \sepspaces
    \everypar{\starttabbox}%
  }
  
  % Do the @verb magic: verbatim text is quoted by unique
  % delimiter characters.  Before first delimiter expect a
  % right brace, after last delimiter expect closing brace:
  %
  %    \def\doverb'{'<char>#1<char>'}'{#1}
  %
  % [Knuth] p. 382; only eat outer {}
  \begingroup
    \catcode`[=1\catcode`]=2\catcode`\{=\other\catcode`\}=\other
    \gdef\doverb{#1[\def\next##1#1}[##1\endgroup]\next]
  \endgroup
  %
  \def\verb{\begingroup\setupverb\doverb}
  %
  %
  % Do the @verbatim magic: define the macro \doverbatim so that
  % the (first) argument ends when '@end verbatim' is reached, ie:
  %
  %     \def\doverbatim#1@end verbatim{#1}
  %
  % For Texinfo it's a lot easier than for LaTeX,
  % because texinfo's \verbatim doesn't stop at '\end{verbatim}':
  % we need not redefine '\', '{' and '}'.
  %
  % Inspired by LaTeX's verbatim command set [latex.ltx]
  %
  \begingroup
    \catcode`\ =\active
    \obeylines %
    % ignore everything up to the first ^^M, that's the newline at the end
    % of the @verbatim input line itself.  Otherwise we get an extra blank
    % line in the output.
    \xdef\doverbatim#1^^M#2@end verbatim{#2\noexpand\end\gobble verbatim}%
    % We really want {...\end verbatim} in the body of the macro, but
    % without the active space; thus we have to use \xdef and \gobble.
  \endgroup
  %
  \envdef\verbatim{%
      \setupverbatim\doverbatim
  }
  \let\Everbatim = \afterenvbreak
  
  
  % @verbatiminclude FILE - insert text of file in verbatim environment.
  %
  \def\verbatiminclude{\parseargusing\filenamecatcodes\doverbatiminclude}
  %
  \def\doverbatiminclude#1{%
    {%
      \makevalueexpandable
      \setupverbatim
      \input #1
      \afterenvbreak
    }%
  }
  
  % @copying ... @end copying.
  % Save the text away for @insertcopying later.
  %
  % We save the uninterpreted tokens, rather than creating a box.
  % Saving the text in a box would be much easier, but then all the
  % typesetting commands (@smallbook, font changes, etc.) have to be done
  % beforehand -- and a) we want @copying to be done first in the source
  % file; b) letting users define the frontmatter in as flexible order as
  % possible is very desirable.
  %
  \def\copying{\checkenv{}\begingroup\scanargctxt\docopying}
  \def\docopying#1@end copying{\endgroup\def\copyingtext{#1}}
  %
  \def\insertcopying{%
    \begingroup
      \parindent = 0pt  % paragraph indentation looks wrong on title page
      \scanexp\copyingtext
    \endgroup
  }
  
  \message{defuns,}
  % @defun etc.
  
  \newskip\defbodyindent \defbodyindent=.4in
  \newskip\defargsindent \defargsindent=50pt
  \newskip\deflastargmargin \deflastargmargin=18pt
  
  % Start the processing of @deffn:
  \def\startdefun{%
    \ifnum\lastpenalty<10000
      \medbreak
    \else
      % If there are two @def commands in a row, we'll have a \nobreak,
      % which is there to keep the function description together with its
      % header.  But if there's nothing but headers, we need to allow a
      % break somewhere.  Check specifically for penalty 10002, inserted
      % by \defargscommonending, instead of 10000, since the sectioning
      % commands also insert a nobreak penalty, and we don't want to allow
      % a break between a section heading and a defun.
      % 
      \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty2000 \fi
      %
      % Similarly, after a section heading, do not allow a break.
      % But do insert the glue.
      \medskip  % preceded by discardable penalty, so not a breakpoint
    \fi
    %
    \parindent=0in
    \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
    \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
  }
  
  \def\dodefunx#1{%
    % First, check whether we are in the right environment:
    \checkenv#1%
    %
    % As above, allow line break if we have multiple x headers in a row.
    % It's not a great place, though.
    \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty3000 \fi
    %
    % And now, it's time to reuse the body of the original defun:
    \expandafter\gobbledefun#1%
  }
  \def\gobbledefun#1\startdefun{}
  
  % \printdefunline \deffnheader{text}
  %
  \def\printdefunline#1#2{%
    \begingroup
      % call \deffnheader:
      #1#2 \endheader
      % common ending:
      \interlinepenalty = 10000
      \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil
      \endgraf
      \nobreak\vskip -\parskip
      \penalty 10002  % signal to \startdefun and \dodefunx
      % Some of the @defun-type tags do not enable magic parentheses,
      % rendering the following check redundant.  But we don't optimize.
      \checkparencounts
    \endgroup
  }
  
  \def\Edefun{\endgraf\medbreak}
  
  % \makedefun{deffn} creates \deffn, \deffnx and \Edeffn;
  % the only thing remainnig is to define \deffnheader.
  %
  \def\makedefun#1{%
    \expandafter\let\csname E#1\endcsname = \Edefun
    \edef\temp{\noexpand\domakedefun
      \makecsname{#1}\makecsname{#1x}\makecsname{#1header}}%
    \temp
  }
  
  % \domakedefun \deffn \deffnx \deffnheader
  %
  % Define \deffn and \deffnx, without parameters.
  % \deffnheader has to be defined explicitly.
  %
  \def\domakedefun#1#2#3{%
    \envdef#1{%
      \startdefun
      \parseargusing\activeparens{\printdefunline#3}%
    }%
    \def#2{\dodefunx#1}%
    \def#3%
  }
  
  %%% Untyped functions:
  
  % @deffn category name args
  \makedefun{deffn}{\deffngeneral{}}
  
  % @deffn category class name args
  \makedefun{defop}#1 {\defopon{#1\ \putwordon}}
  
  % \defopon {category on}class name args
  \def\defopon#1#2 {\deffngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
  
  % \deffngeneral {subind}category name args
  %
  \def\deffngeneral#1#2 #3 #4\endheader{%
    % Remember that \dosubind{fn}{foo}{} is equivalent to \doind{fn}{foo}.
    \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{#1}%
    \defname{#2}{}{#3}\magicamp\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
  }
  
  %%% Typed functions:
  
  % @deftypefn category type name args
  \makedefun{deftypefn}{\deftypefngeneral{}}
  
  % @deftypeop category class type name args
  \makedefun{deftypeop}#1 {\deftypeopon{#1\ \putwordon}}
  
  % \deftypeopon {category on}class type name args
  \def\deftypeopon#1#2 {\deftypefngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
  
  % \deftypefngeneral {subind}category type name args
  %
  \def\deftypefngeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
    \dosubind{fn}{\code{#4}}{#1}%
    \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
  }
  
  %%% Typed variables:
  
  % @deftypevr category type var args
  \makedefun{deftypevr}{\deftypecvgeneral{}}
  
  % @deftypecv category class type var args
  \makedefun{deftypecv}#1 {\deftypecvof{#1\ \putwordof}}
  
  % \deftypecvof {category of}class type var args
  \def\deftypecvof#1#2 {\deftypecvgeneral{\putwordof\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
  
  % \deftypecvgeneral {subind}category type var args
  %
  \def\deftypecvgeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
    \dosubind{vr}{\code{#4}}{#1}%
    \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
  }
  
  %%% Untyped variables:
  
  % @defvr category var args
  \makedefun{defvr}#1 {\deftypevrheader{#1} {} }
  
  % @defcv category class var args
  \makedefun{defcv}#1 {\defcvof{#1\ \putwordof}}
  
  % \defcvof {category of}class var args
  \def\defcvof#1#2 {\deftypecvof{#1}#2 {} }
  
  %%% Type:
  % @deftp category name args
  \makedefun{deftp}#1 #2 #3\endheader{%
    \doind{tp}{\code{#2}}%
    \defname{#1}{}{#2}\defunargs{#3\unskip}%
  }
  
  % Remaining @defun-like shortcuts:
  \makedefun{defun}{\deffnheader{\putwordDeffunc} }
  \makedefun{defmac}{\deffnheader{\putwordDefmac} }
  \makedefun{defspec}{\deffnheader{\putwordDefspec} }
  \makedefun{deftypefun}{\deftypefnheader{\putwordDeffunc} }
  \makedefun{defvar}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefvar} }
  \makedefun{defopt}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefopt} }
  \makedefun{deftypevar}{\deftypevrheader{\putwordDefvar} }
  \makedefun{defmethod}{\defopon\putwordMethodon}
  \makedefun{deftypemethod}{\deftypeopon\putwordMethodon}
  \makedefun{defivar}{\defcvof\putwordInstanceVariableof}
  \makedefun{deftypeivar}{\deftypecvof\putwordInstanceVariableof}
  
  % \defname, which formats the name of the @def (not the args).
  % #1 is the category, such as "Function".
  % #2 is the return type, if any.
  % #3 is the function name.
  %
  % We are followed by (but not passed) the arguments, if any.
  %
  \def\defname#1#2#3{%
    % Get the values of \leftskip and \rightskip as they were outside the @def...
    \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent
    %
    % How we'll format the type name.  Putting it in brackets helps
    % distinguish it from the body text that may end up on the next line
    % just below it.
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \setbox0=\hbox{\kern\deflastargmargin \ifx\temp\empty\else [\rm\temp]\fi}
    %
    % Figure out line sizes for the paragraph shape.
    % The first line needs space for \box0; but if \rightskip is nonzero,
    % we need only space for the part of \box0 which exceeds it:
    \dimen0=\hsize  \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0  \advance\dimen0 by \rightskip
    % The continuations:
    \dimen2=\hsize  \advance\dimen2 by -\defargsindent
    % (plain.tex says that \dimen1 should be used only as global.)
    \parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen2
    %
    % Put the type name to the right margin.
    \noindent
    \hbox to 0pt{%
      \hfil\box0 \kern-\hsize
      % \hsize has to be shortened this way:
      \kern\leftskip
      % Intentionally do not respect \rightskip, since we need the space.
    }%
    %
    % Allow all lines to be underfull without complaint:
    \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000
    \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
    {%
      % defun fonts. We use typewriter by default (used to be bold) because:
      % . we're printing identifiers, they should be in tt in principle.
      % . in languages with many accents, such as Czech or French, it's
      %   common to leave accents off identifiers.  The result looks ok in
      %   tt, but exceedingly strange in rm.
      % . we don't want -- and --- to be treated as ligatures.
      % . this still does not fix the ?` and !` ligatures, but so far no
      %   one has made identifiers using them :).
      \df \tt
      \def\temp{#2}% return value type
      \ifx\temp\empty\else \tclose{\temp} \fi
      #3% output function name
    }%
    {\rm\enskip}% hskip 0.5 em of \tenrm
    %
    \boldbrax
    % arguments will be output next, if any.
  }
  
  % Print arguments in slanted roman (not ttsl), inconsistently with using
  % tt for the name.  This is because literal text is sometimes needed in
  % the argument list (groff manual), and ttsl and tt are not very
  % distinguishable.  Prevent hyphenation at `-' chars.
  %
  \def\defunargs#1{%
    % use sl by default (not ttsl),
    % tt for the names.
    \df \sl \hyphenchar\font=0
    %
    % On the other hand, if an argument has two dashes (for instance), we
    % want a way to get ttsl.  Let's try @var for that.
    \let\var=\ttslanted
    #1%
    \sl\hyphenchar\font=45
  }
  
  % We want ()&[] to print specially on the defun line.
  %
  \def\activeparens{%
    \catcode`\(=\active \catcode`\)=\active
    \catcode`\[=\active \catcode`\]=\active
    \catcode`\&=\active
  }
  
  % Make control sequences which act like normal parenthesis chars.
  \let\lparen = ( \let\rparen = )
  
  % Be sure that we always have a definition for `(', etc.  For example,
  % if the fn name has parens in it, \boldbrax will not be in effect yet,
  % so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence.
  {
    \activeparens
    \global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen
    \global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack
    \global\let& = \&
  
    \gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb}
    \gdef\magicamp{\let&=\amprm}
  }
  
  \newcount\parencount
  
  % If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards
  \newif\ifampseen
  \def\amprm#1 {\ampseentrue{\bf\&#1 }}
  
  \def\parenfont{%
    \ifampseen
      % At the first level, print parens in roman,
      % otherwise use the default font.
      \ifnum \parencount=1 \rm \fi
    \else
      % The \sf parens (in \boldbrax) actually are a little bolder than
      % the contained text.  This is especially needed for [ and ] .
      \sf
    \fi
  }
  \def\infirstlevel#1{%
    \ifampseen
      \ifnum\parencount=1
        #1%
      \fi
    \fi
  }
  \def\bfafterword#1 {#1 \bf}
  
  \def\opnr{%
    \global\advance\parencount by 1
    {\parenfont(}%
    \infirstlevel \bfafterword
  }
  \def\clnr{%
    {\parenfont)}%
    \infirstlevel \sl
    \global\advance\parencount by -1
  }
  
  \newcount\brackcount
  \def\lbrb{%
    \global\advance\brackcount by 1
    {\bf[}%
  }
  \def\rbrb{%
    {\bf]}%
    \global\advance\brackcount by -1
  }
  
  \def\checkparencounts{%
    \ifnum\parencount=0 \else \badparencount \fi
    \ifnum\brackcount=0 \else \badbrackcount \fi
  }
  \def\badparencount{%
    \errmessage{Unbalanced parentheses in @def}%
    \global\parencount=0
  }
  \def\badbrackcount{%
    \errmessage{Unbalanced square braces in @def}%
    \global\brackcount=0
  }
  
  
  \message{macros,}
  % @macro.
  
  % To do this right we need a feature of e-TeX, \scantokens,
  % which we arrange to emulate with a temporary file in ordinary TeX.
  \ifx\eTeXversion\undefined
    \newwrite\macscribble
    \def\scantokens#1{%
      \toks0={#1}%
      \immediate\openout\macscribble=\jobname.tmp
      \immediate\write\macscribble{\the\toks0}%
      \immediate\closeout\macscribble
      \input \jobname.tmp
    }
  \fi
  
  \def\scanmacro#1{%
    \begingroup
      \newlinechar`\^^M
      \let\xeatspaces\eatspaces
      % Undo catcode changes of \startcontents and \doprintindex
      % When called from @insertcopying or (short)caption, we need active
      % backslash to get it printed correctly.  Previously, we had
      % \catcode`\\=\other instead.  We'll see whether a problem appears
      % with macro expansion.				--kasal, 19aug04
      \catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\active \escapechar=`\@
      % ... and \example
      \spaceisspace
      %
      % Append \endinput to make sure that TeX does not see the ending newline.
      % I've verified that it is necessary both for e-TeX and for ordinary TeX
      %							--kasal, 29nov03
      \scantokens{#1\endinput}%
    \endgroup
  }
  
  \def\scanexp#1{%
    \edef\temp{\noexpand\scanmacro{#1}}%
    \temp
  }
  
  \newcount\paramno   % Count of parameters
  \newtoks\macname    % Macro name
  \newif\ifrecursive  % Is it recursive?
  
  % List of all defined macros in the form
  %    \definedummyword\macro1\definedummyword\macro2...
  % Currently is also contains all @aliases; the list can be split
  % if there is a need.
  \def\macrolist{}
  
  % Add the macro to \macrolist
  \def\addtomacrolist#1{\expandafter \addtomacrolistxxx \csname#1\endcsname}
  \def\addtomacrolistxxx#1{%
       \toks0 = \expandafter{\macrolist\definedummyword#1}%
       \xdef\macrolist{\the\toks0}%
  }
  
  % Utility routines.
  % This does \let #1 = #2, with \csnames; that is,
  %   \let \csname#1\endcsname = \csname#2\endcsname
  % (except of course we have to play expansion games).
  % 
  \def\cslet#1#2{%
    \expandafter\let
    \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname
    \csname#2\endcsname
  }
  
  % Trim leading and trailing spaces off a string.
  % Concepts from aro-bend problem 15 (see CTAN).
  {\catcode`\@=11
  \gdef\eatspaces #1{\expandafter\trim@\expandafter{#1 }}
  \gdef\trim@ #1{\trim@@ @#1 @ #1 @ @@}
  \gdef\trim@@ #1@ #2@ #3@@{\trim@@@\empty #2 @}
  \def\unbrace#1{#1}
  \unbrace{\gdef\trim@@@ #1 } #2@{#1}
  }
  
  % Trim a single trailing ^^M off a string.
  {\catcode`\^^M=\other \catcode`\Q=3%
  \gdef\eatcr #1{\eatcra #1Q^^MQ}%
  \gdef\eatcra#1^^MQ{\eatcrb#1Q}%
  \gdef\eatcrb#1Q#2Q{#1}%
  }
  
  % Macro bodies are absorbed as an argument in a context where
  % all characters are catcode 10, 11 or 12, except \ which is active
  % (as in normal texinfo). It is necessary to change the definition of \.
  
  % It's necessary to have hard CRs when the macro is executed. This is
  % done by  making ^^M (\endlinechar) catcode 12 when reading the macro
  % body, and then making it the \newlinechar in \scanmacro.
  
  \def\scanctxt{%
    \catcode`\"=\other
    \catcode`\+=\other
    \catcode`\<=\other
    \catcode`\>=\other
    \catcode`\@=\other
    \catcode`\^=\other
    \catcode`\_=\other
    \catcode`\|=\other
    \catcode`\~=\other
  }
  
  \def\scanargctxt{%
    \scanctxt
    \catcode`\\=\other
    \catcode`\^^M=\other
  }
  
  \def\macrobodyctxt{%
    \scanctxt
    \catcode`\{=\other
    \catcode`\}=\other
    \catcode`\^^M=\other
    \usembodybackslash
  }
  
  \def\macroargctxt{%
    \scanctxt
    \catcode`\\=\other
  }
  
  % \mbodybackslash is the definition of \ in @macro bodies.
  % It maps \foo\ => \csname macarg.foo\endcsname => #N
  % where N is the macro parameter number.
  % We define \csname macarg.\endcsname to be \realbackslash, so
  % \\ in macro replacement text gets you a backslash.
  
  {\catcode`@=0 @catcode`@\=@active
   @gdef@usembodybackslash{@let\=@mbodybackslash}
   @gdef@mbodybackslash#1\{@csname macarg.#1@endcsname}
  }
  \expandafter\def\csname macarg.\endcsname{\realbackslash}
  
  \def\macro{\recursivefalse\parsearg\macroxxx}
  \def\rmacro{\recursivetrue\parsearg\macroxxx}
  
  \def\macroxxx#1{%
    \getargs{#1}%           now \macname is the macname and \argl the arglist
    \ifx\argl\empty       % no arguments
       \paramno=0%
    \else
       \expandafter\parsemargdef \argl;%
    \fi
    \if1\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname
       \message{Warning: redefining \the\macname}%
    \else
       \expandafter\ifx\csname \the\macname\endcsname \relax
       \else \errmessage{Macro name \the\macname\space already defined}\fi
       \global\cslet{macsave.\the\macname}{\the\macname}%
       \global\expandafter\let\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname=1%
       \addtomacrolist{\the\macname}%
    \fi
    \begingroup \macrobodyctxt
    \ifrecursive \expandafter\parsermacbody
    \else \expandafter\parsemacbody
    \fi}
  
  \parseargdef\unmacro{%
    \if1\csname ismacro.#1\endcsname
      \global\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}%
      \global\expandafter\let \csname ismacro.#1\endcsname=0%
      % Remove the macro name from \macrolist:
      \begingroup
        \expandafter\let\csname#1\endcsname \relax
        \let\definedummyword\unmacrodo
        \xdef\macrolist{\macrolist}%
      \endgroup
    \else
      \errmessage{Macro #1 not defined}%
    \fi
  }
  
  % Called by \do from \dounmacro on each macro.  The idea is to omit any
  % macro definitions that have been changed to \relax.
  %
  \def\unmacrodo#1{%
    \ifx #1\relax
      % remove this
    \else
      \noexpand\definedummyword \noexpand#1%
    \fi
  }
  
  % This makes use of the obscure feature that if the last token of a
  % <parameter list> is #, then the preceding argument is delimited by
  % an opening brace, and that opening brace is not consumed.
  \def\getargs#1{\getargsxxx#1{}}
  \def\getargsxxx#1#{\getmacname #1 \relax\getmacargs}
  \def\getmacname #1 #2\relax{\macname={#1}}
  \def\getmacargs#1{\def\argl{#1}}
  
  % Parse the optional {params} list.  Set up \paramno and \paramlist
  % so \defmacro knows what to do.  Define \macarg.blah for each blah
  % in the params list, to be ##N where N is the position in that list.
  % That gets used by \mbodybackslash (above).
  
  % We need to get `macro parameter char #' into several definitions.
  % The technique used is stolen from LaTeX:  let \hash be something
  % unexpandable, insert that wherever you need a #, and then redefine
  % it to # just before using the token list produced.
  %
  % The same technique is used to protect \eatspaces till just before
  % the macro is used.
  
  \def\parsemargdef#1;{\paramno=0\def\paramlist{}%
          \let\hash\relax\let\xeatspaces\relax\parsemargdefxxx#1,;,}
  \def\parsemargdefxxx#1,{%
    \if#1;\let\next=\relax
    \else \let\next=\parsemargdefxxx
      \advance\paramno by 1%
      \expandafter\edef\csname macarg.\eatspaces{#1}\endcsname
          {\xeatspaces{\hash\the\paramno}}%
      \edef\paramlist{\paramlist\hash\the\paramno,}%
    \fi\next}
  
  % These two commands read recursive and nonrecursive macro bodies.
  % (They're different since rec and nonrec macros end differently.)
  
  \long\def\parsemacbody#1@end macro%
  {\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}%
  \long\def\parsermacbody#1@end rmacro%
  {\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}%
  
  % This defines the macro itself. There are six cases: recursive and
  % nonrecursive macros of zero, one, and many arguments.
  % Much magic with \expandafter here.
  % \xdef is used so that macro definitions will survive the file
  % they're defined in; @include reads the file inside a group.
  \def\defmacro{%
    \let\hash=##% convert placeholders to macro parameter chars
    \ifrecursive
      \ifcase\paramno
      % 0
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
          \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
      \or % 1
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
           \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
           \noexpand\braceorline
           \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}%
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{%
           \egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
      \else % many
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
           \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
           \noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}%
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{%
            \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}%
        \expandafter\expandafter
        \expandafter\xdef
        \expandafter\expandafter
          \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname
            \paramlist{\egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
      \fi
    \else
      \ifcase\paramno
      % 0
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
          \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
          \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
      \or % 1
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
           \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
           \noexpand\braceorline
           \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}%
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{%
          \egroup
          \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
          \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
      \else % many
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
           \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
           \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}%
        \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{%
            \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}%
        \expandafter\expandafter
        \expandafter\xdef
        \expandafter\expandafter
        \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname
        \paramlist{%
            \egroup
            \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
            \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
      \fi
    \fi}
  
  \def\norecurse#1{\bgroup\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}}
  
  % \braceorline decides whether the next nonwhitespace character is a
  % {.  If so it reads up to the closing }, if not, it reads the whole
  % line.  Whatever was read is then fed to the next control sequence
  % as an argument (by \parsebrace or \parsearg)
  \def\braceorline#1{\let\macnamexxx=#1\futurelet\nchar\braceorlinexxx}
  \def\braceorlinexxx{%
    \ifx\nchar\bgroup\else
      \expandafter\parsearg
    \fi \macnamexxx}
  
  
  % @alias.
  % We need some trickery to remove the optional spaces around the equal
  % sign.  Just make them active and then expand them all to nothing.
  \def\alias{\parseargusing\obeyspaces\aliasxxx}
  \def\aliasxxx #1{\aliasyyy#1\relax}
  \def\aliasyyy #1=#2\relax{%
    {%
      \expandafter\let\obeyedspace=\empty
      \addtomacrolist{#1}%
      \xdef\next{\global\let\makecsname{#1}=\makecsname{#2}}%
    }%
    \next
  }
  
  
  \message{cross references,}
  
  \newwrite\auxfile
  
  \newif\ifhavexrefs    % True if xref values are known.
  \newif\ifwarnedxrefs  % True if we warned once that they aren't known.
  
  % @inforef is relatively simple.
  \def\inforef #1{\inforefzzz #1,,,,**}
  \def\inforefzzz #1,#2,#3,#4**{\putwordSee{} \putwordInfo{} \putwordfile{} \file{\ignorespaces #3{}},
    node \samp{\ignorespaces#1{}}}
  
  % @node's only job in TeX is to define \lastnode, which is used in
  % cross-references.  The @node line might or might not have commas, and
  % might or might not have spaces before the first comma, like:
  % @node foo , bar , ...
  % We don't want such trailing spaces in the node name.
  %
  \parseargdef\node{\checkenv{}\donode #1 ,\finishnodeparse}
  %
  % also remove a trailing comma, in case of something like this:
  % @node Help-Cross,  ,  , Cross-refs
  \def\donode#1 ,#2\finishnodeparse{\dodonode #1,\finishnodeparse}
  \def\dodonode#1,#2\finishnodeparse{\gdef\lastnode{#1}}
  
  \let\nwnode=\node
  \let\lastnode=\empty
  
  % Write a cross-reference definition for the current node.  #1 is the
  % type (Ynumbered, Yappendix, Ynothing).
  %
  \def\donoderef#1{%
    \ifx\lastnode\empty\else
      \setref{\lastnode}{#1}%
      \global\let\lastnode=\empty
    \fi
  }
  
  % @anchor{NAME} -- define xref target at arbitrary point.
  %
  \newcount\savesfregister
  %
  \def\savesf{\relax \ifhmode \savesfregister=\spacefactor \fi}
  \def\restoresf{\relax \ifhmode \spacefactor=\savesfregister \fi}
  \def\anchor#1{\savesf \setref{#1}{Ynothing}\restoresf \ignorespaces}
  
  % \setref{NAME}{SNT} defines a cross-reference point NAME (a node or an
  % anchor), which consists of three parts:
  % 1) NAME-title - the current sectioning name taken from \thissection,
  %                 or the anchor name.
  % 2) NAME-snt   - section number and type, passed as the SNT arg, or
  %                 empty for anchors.
  % 3) NAME-pg    - the page number.
  %
  % This is called from \donoderef, \anchor, and \dofloat.  In the case of
  % floats, there is an additional part, which is not written here:
  % 4) NAME-lof   - the text as it should appear in a @listoffloats.
  %
  \def\setref#1#2{%
    \pdfmkdest{#1}%
    \iflinks
      {%
        \atdummies  % preserve commands, but don't expand them
        \edef\writexrdef##1##2{%
  	\write\auxfile{@xrdef{#1-% #1 of \setref, expanded by the \edef
  	  ##1}{##2}}% these are parameters of \writexrdef
        }%
        \toks0 = \expandafter{\thissection}%
        \immediate \writexrdef{title}{\the\toks0 }%
        \immediate \writexrdef{snt}{\csname #2\endcsname}% \Ynumbered etc.
        \writexrdef{pg}{\folio}% will be written later, during \shipout
      }%
    \fi
  }
  
  % @xref, @pxref, and @ref generate cross-references.  For \xrefX, #1 is
  % the node name, #2 the name of the Info cross-reference, #3 the printed
  % node name, #4 the name of the Info file, #5 the name of the printed
  % manual.  All but the node name can be omitted.
  %
  \def\pxref#1{\putwordsee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
  \def\xref#1{\putwordSee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
  \def\ref#1{\xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
  \def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup
    \unsepspaces
    \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}%
    \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #3}%
    \setbox1=\hbox{\printedmanual\unskip}%
    \setbox0=\hbox{\printedrefname\unskip}%
    \ifdim \wd0 = 0pt
      % No printed node name was explicitly given.
      \expandafter\ifx\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname\relax
        % Use the node name inside the square brackets.
        \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
      \else
        % Use the actual chapter/section title appear inside
        % the square brackets.  Use the real section title if we have it.
        \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
          % It is in another manual, so we don't have it.
          \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
        \else
          \ifhavexrefs
            % We know the real title if we have the xref values.
            \def\printedrefname{\refx{#1-title}{}}%
          \else
            % Otherwise just copy the Info node name.
            \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
          \fi%
        \fi
      \fi
    \fi
    %
    % Make link in pdf output.
    \ifpdf
      \leavevmode
      \getfilename{#4}%
      {\turnoffactive
       % See comments at \activebackslashdouble.
       {\activebackslashdouble \xdef\pdfxrefdest{#1}%
        \backslashparens\pdfxrefdest}%
       %
       \ifnum\filenamelength>0
         \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
           goto file{\the\filename.pdf} name{\pdfxrefdest}%
       \else
         \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
           goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\pdfxrefdest}}%
       \fi
      }%
      \linkcolor
    \fi
    %
    % Float references are printed completely differently: "Figure 1.2"
    % instead of "[somenode], p.3".  We distinguish them by the
    % LABEL-title being set to a magic string.
    {%
      % Have to otherify everything special to allow the \csname to
      % include an _ in the xref name, etc.
      \indexnofonts
      \turnoffactive
      \expandafter\global\expandafter\let\expandafter\Xthisreftitle
        \csname XR#1-title\endcsname
    }%
    \iffloat\Xthisreftitle
      % If the user specified the print name (third arg) to the ref,
      % print it instead of our usual "Figure 1.2".
      \ifdim\wd0 = 0pt
        \refx{#1-snt}{}%
      \else
        \printedrefname
      \fi
      %
      % if the user also gave the printed manual name (fifth arg), append
      % "in MANUALNAME".
      \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
        \space \putwordin{} \cite{\printedmanual}%
      \fi
    \else
      % node/anchor (non-float) references.
      %
      % If we use \unhbox0 and \unhbox1 to print the node names, TeX does not
      % insert empty discretionaries after hyphens, which means that it will
      % not find a line break at a hyphen in a node names.  Since some manuals
      % are best written with fairly long node names, containing hyphens, this
      % is a loss.  Therefore, we give the text of the node name again, so it
      % is as if TeX is seeing it for the first time.
      \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
        \putwordsection{} ``\printedrefname'' \putwordin{} \cite{\printedmanual}%
      \else
        % _ (for example) has to be the character _ for the purposes of the
        % control sequence corresponding to the node, but it has to expand
        % into the usual \leavevmode...\vrule stuff for purposes of
        % printing. So we \turnoffactive for the \refx-snt, back on for the
        % printing, back off for the \refx-pg.
        {\turnoffactive
         % Only output a following space if the -snt ref is nonempty; for
         % @unnumbered and @anchor, it won't be.
         \setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces \refx{#1-snt}{}}%
         \ifdim \wd2 > 0pt \refx{#1-snt}\space\fi
        }%
        % output the `[mynode]' via a macro so it can be overridden.
        \xrefprintnodename\printedrefname
        %
        % But we always want a comma and a space:
        ,\space
        %
        % output the `page 3'.
        \turnoffactive \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}%
      \fi
    \fi
    \endlink
  \endgroup}
  
  % This macro is called from \xrefX for the `[nodename]' part of xref
  % output.  It's a separate macro only so it can be changed more easily,
  % since square brackets don't work well in some documents.  Particularly
  % one that Bob is working on :).
  %
  \def\xrefprintnodename#1{[#1]}
  
  % Things referred to by \setref.
  %
  \def\Ynothing{}
  \def\Yomitfromtoc{}
  \def\Ynumbered{%
    \ifnum\secno=0
      \putwordChapter@tie \the\chapno
    \else \ifnum\subsecno=0
      \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno
    \else \ifnum\subsubsecno=0
      \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno
    \else
      \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno
    \fi\fi\fi
  }
  \def\Yappendix{%
    \ifnum\secno=0
       \putwordAppendix@tie @char\the\appendixno{}%
    \else \ifnum\subsecno=0
       \putwordSection@tie @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno
    \else \ifnum\subsubsecno=0
      \putwordSection@tie @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno
    \else
      \putwordSection@tie
        @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno
    \fi\fi\fi
  }
  
  % Define \refx{NAME}{SUFFIX} to reference a cross-reference string named NAME.
  % If its value is nonempty, SUFFIX is output afterward.
  %
  \def\refx#1#2{%
    {%
      \indexnofonts
      \otherbackslash
      \expandafter\global\expandafter\let\expandafter\thisrefX
        \csname XR#1\endcsname
    }%
    \ifx\thisrefX\relax
      % If not defined, say something at least.
      \angleleft un\-de\-fined\angleright
      \iflinks
        \ifhavexrefs
          \message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `#1'.}%
        \else
          \ifwarnedxrefs\else
            \global\warnedxrefstrue
            \message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}%
          \fi
        \fi
      \fi
    \else
      % It's defined, so just use it.
      \thisrefX
    \fi
    #2% Output the suffix in any case.
  }
  
  % This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file.  Usually it's
  % just a \def (we prepend XR to the control sequence name to avoid
  % collisions).  But if this is a float type, we have more work to do.
  %
  \def\xrdef#1#2{%
    \expandafter\gdef\csname XR#1\endcsname{#2}% remember this xref value.
    %
    % Was that xref control sequence that we just defined for a float?
    \expandafter\iffloat\csname XR#1\endcsname
      % it was a float, and we have the (safe) float type in \iffloattype.
      \expandafter\let\expandafter\floatlist
        \csname floatlist\iffloattype\endcsname
      %
      % Is this the first time we've seen this float type?
      \expandafter\ifx\floatlist\relax
        \toks0 = {\do}% yes, so just \do
      \else
        % had it before, so preserve previous elements in list.
        \toks0 = \expandafter{\floatlist\do}%
      \fi
      %
      % Remember this xref in the control sequence \floatlistFLOATTYPE,
      % for later use in \listoffloats.
      \expandafter\xdef\csname floatlist\iffloattype\endcsname{\the\toks0{#1}}%
    \fi
  }
  
  % Read the last existing aux file, if any.  No error if none exists.
  %
  \def\tryauxfile{%
    \openin 1 \jobname.aux
    \ifeof 1 \else
      \readdatafile{aux}%
      \global\havexrefstrue
    \fi
    \closein 1
  }
  
  \def\setupdatafile{%
    \catcode`\^^@=\other
    \catcode`\^^A=\other
    \catcode`\^^B=\other
    \catcode`\^^C=\other
    \catcode`\^^D=\other
    \catcode`\^^E=\other
    \catcode`\^^F=\other
    \catcode`\^^G=\other
    \catcode`\^^H=\other
    \catcode`\^^K=\other
    \catcode`\^^L=\other
    \catcode`\^^N=\other
    \catcode`\^^P=\other
    \catcode`\^^Q=\other
    \catcode`\^^R=\other
    \catcode`\^^S=\other
    \catcode`\^^T=\other
    \catcode`\^^U=\other
    \catcode`\^^V=\other
    \catcode`\^^W=\other
    \catcode`\^^X=\other
    \catcode`\^^Z=\other
    \catcode`\^^[=\other
    \catcode`\^^\=\other
    \catcode`\^^]=\other
    \catcode`\^^^=\other
    \catcode`\^^_=\other
    % It was suggested to set the catcode of ^ to 7, which would allow ^^e4 etc.
    % in xref tags, i.e., node names.  But since ^^e4 notation isn't
    % supported in the main text, it doesn't seem desirable.  Furthermore,
    % that is not enough: for node names that actually contain a ^
    % character, we would end up writing a line like this: 'xrdef {'hat
    % b-title}{'hat b} and \xrdef does a \csname...\endcsname on the first
    % argument, and \hat is not an expandable control sequence.  It could
    % all be worked out, but why?  Either we support ^^ or we don't.
    %
    % The other change necessary for this was to define \auxhat:
    % \def\auxhat{\def^{'hat }}% extra space so ok if followed by letter
    % and then to call \auxhat in \setq.
    %
    \catcode`\^=\other
    %
    % Special characters.  Should be turned off anyway, but...
    \catcode`\~=\other
    \catcode`\[=\other
    \catcode`\]=\other
    \catcode`\"=\other
    \catcode`\_=\other
    \catcode`\|=\other
    \catcode`\<=\other
    \catcode`\>=\other
    \catcode`\$=\other
    \catcode`\#=\other
    \catcode`\&=\other
    \catcode`\%=\other
    \catcode`+=\other % avoid \+ for paranoia even though we've turned it off
    %
    % This is to support \ in node names and titles, since the \
    % characters end up in a \csname.  It's easier than
    % leaving it active and making its active definition an actual \
    % character.  What I don't understand is why it works in the *value*
    % of the xrdef.  Seems like it should be a catcode12 \, and that
    % should not typeset properly.  But it works, so I'm moving on for
    % now.  --karl, 15jan04.
    \catcode`\\=\other
    %
    % Make the characters 128-255 be printing characters.
    {%
      \count1=128
      \def\loop{%
        \catcode\count1=\other
        \advance\count1 by 1
        \ifnum \count1<256 \loop \fi
      }%
    }%
    %
    % @ is our escape character in .aux files, and we need braces.
    \catcode`\{=1
    \catcode`\}=2
    \catcode`\@=0
  }
  
  \def\readdatafile#1{%
  \begingroup
    \setupdatafile
    \input\jobname.#1
  \endgroup}
  
  \message{insertions,}
  % including footnotes.
  
  \newcount \footnoteno
  
  % The trailing space in the following definition for supereject is
  % vital for proper filling; pages come out unaligned when you do a
  % pagealignmacro call if that space before the closing brace is
  % removed. (Generally, numeric constants should always be followed by a
  % space to prevent strange expansion errors.)
  \def\supereject{\par\penalty -20000\footnoteno =0 }
  
  % @footnotestyle is meaningful for info output only.
  \let\footnotestyle=\comment
  
  {\catcode `\@=11
  %
  % Auto-number footnotes.  Otherwise like plain.
  \gdef\footnote{%
    \let\indent=\ptexindent
    \let\noindent=\ptexnoindent
    \global\advance\footnoteno by \@ne
    \edef\thisfootno{$^{\the\footnoteno}$}%
    %
    % In case the footnote comes at the end of a sentence, preserve the
    % extra spacing after we do the footnote number.
    \let\@sf\empty
    \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\ptexslash\fi
    %
    % Remove inadvertent blank space before typesetting the footnote number.
    \unskip
    \thisfootno\@sf
    \dofootnote
  }%
  
  % Don't bother with the trickery in plain.tex to not require the
  % footnote text as a parameter.  Our footnotes don't need to be so general.
  %
  % Oh yes, they do; otherwise, @ifset (and anything else that uses
  % \parseargline) fails inside footnotes because the tokens are fixed when
  % the footnote is read.  --karl, 16nov96.
  %
  \gdef\dofootnote{%
    \insert\footins\bgroup
    % We want to typeset this text as a normal paragraph, even if the
    % footnote reference occurs in (for example) a display environment.
    % So reset some parameters.
    \hsize=\pagewidth
    \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
    \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
    \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox
    \floatingpenalty\@MM
    \leftskip\z@skip
    \rightskip\z@skip
    \spaceskip\z@skip
    \xspaceskip\z@skip
    \parindent\defaultparindent
    %
    \smallfonts \rm
    %
    % Because we use hanging indentation in footnotes, a @noindent appears
    % to exdent this text, so make it be a no-op.  makeinfo does not use
    % hanging indentation so @noindent can still be needed within footnote
    % text after an @example or the like (not that this is good style).
    \let\noindent = \relax
    %
    % Hang the footnote text off the number.  Use \everypar in case the
    % footnote extends for more than one paragraph.
    \everypar = {\hang}%
    \textindent{\thisfootno}%
    %
    % Don't crash into the line above the footnote text.  Since this
    % expands into a box, it must come within the paragraph, lest it
    % provide a place where TeX can split the footnote.
    \footstrut
    \futurelet\next\fo@t
  }
  }%end \catcode `\@=11
  
  % In case a @footnote appears in a vbox, save the footnote text and create
  % the real \insert just after the vbox finished.  Otherwise, the insertion
  % would be lost.
  % Similarily, if a @footnote appears inside an alignment, save the footnote
  % text to a box and make the \insert when a row of the table is finished.
  % And the same can be done for other insert classes.  --kasal, 16nov03.
  
  % Replace the \insert primitive by a cheating macro.
  % Deeper inside, just make sure that the saved insertions are not spilled
  % out prematurely.
  %
  \def\startsavinginserts{%
    \ifx \insert\ptexinsert
      \let\insert\saveinsert
    \else
      \let\checkinserts\relax
    \fi
  }
  
  % This \insert replacement works for both \insert\footins{foo} and
  % \insert\footins\bgroup foo\egroup, but it doesn't work for \insert27{foo}.
  %
  \def\saveinsert#1{%
    \edef\next{\noexpand\savetobox \makeSAVEname#1}%
    \afterassignment\next
    % swallow the left brace
    \let\temp =
  }
  \def\makeSAVEname#1{\makecsname{SAVE\expandafter\gobble\string#1}}
  \def\savetobox#1{\global\setbox#1 = \vbox\bgroup \unvbox#1}
  
  \def\checksaveins#1{\ifvoid#1\else \placesaveins#1\fi}
  
  \def\placesaveins#1{%
    \ptexinsert \csname\expandafter\gobblesave\string#1\endcsname
      {\box#1}%
  }
  
  % eat @SAVE -- beware, all of them have catcode \other:
  {
    \def\dospecials{\do S\do A\do V\do E} \uncatcodespecials  %  ;-)
    \gdef\gobblesave @SAVE{}
  }
  
  % initialization:
  \def\newsaveins #1{%
    \edef\next{\noexpand\newsaveinsX \makeSAVEname#1}%
    \next
  }
  \def\newsaveinsX #1{%
    \csname newbox\endcsname #1%
    \expandafter\def\expandafter\checkinserts\expandafter{\checkinserts
      \checksaveins #1}%
  }
  
  % initialize:
  \let\checkinserts\empty
  \newsaveins\footins
  \newsaveins\margin
  
  
  % @image.  We use the macros from epsf.tex to support this.
  % If epsf.tex is not installed and @image is used, we complain.
  %
  % Check for and read epsf.tex up front.  If we read it only at @image
  % time, we might be inside a group, and then its definitions would get
  % undone and the next image would fail.
  \openin 1 = epsf.tex
  \ifeof 1 \else
    % Do not bother showing banner with epsf.tex v2.7k (available in
    % doc/epsf.tex and on ctan).
    \def\epsfannounce{\toks0 = }%
    \input epsf.tex
  \fi
  \closein 1
  %
  % We will only complain once about lack of epsf.tex.
  \newif\ifwarnednoepsf
  \newhelp\noepsfhelp{epsf.tex must be installed for images to
    work.  It is also included in the Texinfo distribution, or you can get
    it from ftp://tug.org/tex/epsf.tex.}
  %
  \def\image#1{%
    \ifx\epsfbox\undefined
      \ifwarnednoepsf \else
        \errhelp = \noepsfhelp
        \errmessage{epsf.tex not found, images will be ignored}%
        \global\warnednoepsftrue
      \fi
    \else
      \imagexxx #1,,,,,\finish
    \fi
  }
  %
  % Arguments to @image:
  % #1 is (mandatory) image filename; we tack on .eps extension.
  % #2 is (optional) width, #3 is (optional) height.
  % #4 is (ignored optional) html alt text.
  % #5 is (ignored optional) extension.
  % #6 is just the usual extra ignored arg for parsing this stuff.
  \newif\ifimagevmode
  \def\imagexxx#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6\finish{\begingroup
    \catcode`\^^M = 5     % in case we're inside an example
    \normalturnoffactive  % allow _ et al. in names
    % If the image is by itself, center it.
    \ifvmode
      \imagevmodetrue
      \nobreak\bigskip
      % Usually we'll have text after the image which will insert
      % \parskip glue, so insert it here too to equalize the space
      % above and below.
      \nobreak\vskip\parskip
      \nobreak
      \line\bgroup
    \fi
    %
    % Output the image.
    \ifpdf
      \dopdfimage{#1}{#2}{#3}%
    \else
      % \epsfbox itself resets \epsf?size at each figure.
      \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfxsize=#2\relax \fi
      \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfysize=#3\relax \fi
      \epsfbox{#1.eps}%
    \fi
    %
    \ifimagevmode \egroup \bigbreak \fi  % space after the image
  \endgroup}
  
  
  % @float FLOATTYPE,LABEL,LOC ... @end float for displayed figures, tables,
  % etc.  We don't actually implement floating yet, we always include the
  % float "here".  But it seemed the best name for the future.
  %
  \envparseargdef\float{\eatcommaspace\eatcommaspace\dofloat#1, , ,\finish}
  
  % There may be a space before second and/or third parameter; delete it.
  \def\eatcommaspace#1, {#1,}
  
  % #1 is the optional FLOATTYPE, the text label for this float, typically
  % "Figure", "Table", "Example", etc.  Can't contain commas.  If omitted,
  % this float will not be numbered and cannot be referred to.
  %
  % #2 is the optional xref label.  Also must be present for the float to
  % be referable.
  %
  % #3 is the optional positioning argument; for now, it is ignored.  It
  % will somehow specify the positions allowed to float to (here, top, bottom).
  %
  % We keep a separate counter for each FLOATTYPE, which we reset at each
  % chapter-level command.
  \let\resetallfloatnos=\empty
  %
  \def\dofloat#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{%
    \let\thiscaption=\empty
    \let\thisshortcaption=\empty
    %
    % don't lose footnotes inside @float.
    %
    % BEWARE: when the floats start float, we have to issue warning whenever an
    % insert appears inside a float which could possibly float. --kasal, 26may04
    %
    \startsavinginserts
    %
    % We can't be used inside a paragraph.
    \par
    %
    \vtop\bgroup
      \def\floattype{#1}%
      \def\floatlabel{#2}%
      \def\floatloc{#3}% we do nothing with this yet.
      %
      \ifx\floattype\empty
        \let\safefloattype=\empty
      \else
        {%
          % the floattype might have accents or other special characters,
          % but we need to use it in a control sequence name.
          \indexnofonts
          \turnoffactive
          \xdef\safefloattype{\floattype}%
        }%
      \fi
      %
      % If label is given but no type, we handle that as the empty type.
      \ifx\floatlabel\empty \else
        % We want each FLOATTYPE to be numbered separately (Figure 1,
        % Table 1, Figure 2, ...).  (And if no label, no number.)
        %
        \expandafter\getfloatno\csname\safefloattype floatno\endcsname
        \global\advance\floatno by 1
        %
        {%
          % This magic value for \thissection is output by \setref as the
          % XREFLABEL-title value.  \xrefX uses it to distinguish float
          % labels (which have a completely different output format) from
          % node and anchor labels.  And \xrdef uses it to construct the
          % lists of floats.
          %
          \edef\thissection{\floatmagic=\safefloattype}%
          \setref{\floatlabel}{Yfloat}%
        }%
      \fi
      %
      % start with \parskip glue, I guess.
      \vskip\parskip
      %
      % Don't suppress indentation if a float happens to start a section.
      \restorefirstparagraphindent
  }
  
  % we have these possibilities:
  % @float Foo,lbl & @caption{Cap}: Foo 1.1: Cap
  % @float Foo,lbl & no caption:    Foo 1.1
  % @float Foo & @caption{Cap}:     Foo: Cap
  % @float Foo & no caption:        Foo
  % @float ,lbl & Caption{Cap}:     1.1: Cap
  % @float ,lbl & no caption:       1.1
  % @float & @caption{Cap}:         Cap
  % @float & no caption:
  %
  \def\Efloat{%
      \let\floatident = \empty
      %
      % In all cases, if we have a float type, it comes first.
      \ifx\floattype\empty \else \def\floatident{\floattype}\fi
      %
      % If we have an xref label, the number comes next.
      \ifx\floatlabel\empty \else
        \ifx\floattype\empty \else % if also had float type, need tie first.
          \appendtomacro\floatident{\tie}%
        \fi
        % the number.
        \appendtomacro\floatident{\chaplevelprefix\the\floatno}%
      \fi
      %
      % Start the printed caption with what we've constructed in
      % \floatident, but keep it separate; we need \floatident again.
      \let\captionline = \floatident
      %
      \ifx\thiscaption\empty \else
        \ifx\floatident\empty \else
  	\appendtomacro\captionline{: }% had ident, so need a colon between
        \fi
        %
        % caption text.
        \appendtomacro\captionline{\scanexp\thiscaption}%
      \fi
      %
      % If we have anything to print, print it, with space before.
      % Eventually this needs to become an \insert.
      \ifx\captionline\empty \else
        \vskip.5\parskip
        \captionline
        %
        % Space below caption.
        \vskip\parskip
      \fi
      %
      % If have an xref label, write the list of floats info.  Do this
      % after the caption, to avoid chance of it being a breakpoint.
      \ifx\floatlabel\empty \else
        % Write the text that goes in the lof to the aux file as
        % \floatlabel-lof.  Besides \floatident, we include the short
        % caption if specified, else the full caption if specified, else nothing.
        {%
          \atdummies
          %
          % since we read the caption text in the macro world, where ^^M
          % is turned into a normal character, we have to scan it back, so
          % we don't write the literal three characters "^^M" into the aux file.
  	\scanexp{%
  	  \xdef\noexpand\gtemp{%
  	    \ifx\thisshortcaption\empty
  	      \thiscaption
  	    \else
  	      \thisshortcaption
  	    \fi
  	  }%
  	}%
          \immediate\write\auxfile{@xrdef{\floatlabel-lof}{\floatident
  	  \ifx\gtemp\empty \else : \gtemp \fi}}%
        }%
      \fi
    \egroup  % end of \vtop
    %
    % place the captured inserts
    %
    % BEWARE: when the floats start floating, we have to issue warning
    % whenever an insert appears inside a float which could possibly
    % float. --kasal, 26may04
    %
    \checkinserts
  }
  
  % Append the tokens #2 to the definition of macro #1, not expanding either.
  %
  \def\appendtomacro#1#2{%
    \expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{#1#2}%
  }
  
  % @caption, @shortcaption
  %
  \def\caption{\docaption\thiscaption}
  \def\shortcaption{\docaption\thisshortcaption}
  \def\docaption{\checkenv\float \bgroup\scanargctxt\defcaption}
  \def\defcaption#1#2{\egroup \def#1{#2}}
  
  % The parameter is the control sequence identifying the counter we are
  % going to use.  Create it if it doesn't exist and assign it to \floatno.
  \def\getfloatno#1{%
    \ifx#1\relax
        % Haven't seen this figure type before.
        \csname newcount\endcsname #1%
        %
        % Remember to reset this floatno at the next chap.
        \expandafter\gdef\expandafter\resetallfloatnos
          \expandafter{\resetallfloatnos #1=0 }%
    \fi
    \let\floatno#1%
  }
  
  % \setref calls this to get the XREFLABEL-snt value.  We want an @xref
  % to the FLOATLABEL to expand to "Figure 3.1".  We call \setref when we
  % first read the @float command.
  %
  \def\Yfloat{\floattype@tie \chaplevelprefix\the\floatno}%
  
  % Magic string used for the XREFLABEL-title value, so \xrefX can
  % distinguish floats from other xref types.
  \def\floatmagic{!!float!!}
  
  % #1 is the control sequence we are passed; we expand into a conditional
  % which is true if #1 represents a float ref.  That is, the magic
  % \thissection value which we \setref above.
  %
  \def\iffloat#1{\expandafter\doiffloat#1==\finish}
  %
  % #1 is (maybe) the \floatmagic string.  If so, #2 will be the
  % (safe) float type for this float.  We set \iffloattype to #2.
  %
  \def\doiffloat#1=#2=#3\finish{%
    \def\temp{#1}%
    \def\iffloattype{#2}%
    \ifx\temp\floatmagic
  }
  
  % @listoffloats FLOATTYPE - print a list of floats like a table of contents.
  %
  \parseargdef\listoffloats{%
    \def\floattype{#1}% floattype
    {%
      % the floattype might have accents or other special characters,
      % but we need to use it in a control sequence name.
      \indexnofonts
      \turnoffactive
      \xdef\safefloattype{\floattype}%
    }%
    %
    % \xrdef saves the floats as a \do-list in \floatlistSAFEFLOATTYPE.
    \expandafter\ifx\csname floatlist\safefloattype\endcsname \relax
      \ifhavexrefs
        % if the user said @listoffloats foo but never @float foo.
        \message{\linenumber No `\safefloattype' floats to list.}%
      \fi
    \else
      \begingroup
        \leftskip=\tocindent  % indent these entries like a toc
        \let\do=\listoffloatsdo
        \csname floatlist\safefloattype\endcsname
      \endgroup
    \fi
  }
  
  % This is called on each entry in a list of floats.  We're passed the
  % xref label, in the form LABEL-title, which is how we save it in the
  % aux file.  We strip off the -title and look up \XRLABEL-lof, which
  % has the text we're supposed to typeset here.
  %
  % Figures without xref labels will not be included in the list (since
  % they won't appear in the aux file).
  %
  \def\listoffloatsdo#1{\listoffloatsdoentry#1\finish}
  \def\listoffloatsdoentry#1-title\finish{{%
    % Can't fully expand XR#1-lof because it can contain anything.  Just
    % pass the control sequence.  On the other hand, XR#1-pg is just the
    % page number, and we want to fully expand that so we can get a link
    % in pdf output.
    \toksA = \expandafter{\csname XR#1-lof\endcsname}%
    %
    % use the same \entry macro we use to generate the TOC and index.
    \edef\writeentry{\noexpand\entry{\the\toksA}{\csname XR#1-pg\endcsname}}%
    \writeentry
  }}
  
  \message{localization,}
  % and i18n.
  
  % @documentlanguage is usually given very early, just after
  % @setfilename.  If done too late, it may not override everything
  % properly.  Single argument is the language abbreviation.
  % It would be nice if we could set up a hyphenation file here.
  %
  \parseargdef\documentlanguage{%
    \tex % read txi-??.tex file in plain TeX.
      % Read the file if it exists.
      \openin 1 txi-#1.tex
      \ifeof 1
        \errhelp = \nolanghelp
        \errmessage{Cannot read language file txi-#1.tex}%
      \else
        \input txi-#1.tex
      \fi
      \closein 1
    \endgroup
  }
  \newhelp\nolanghelp{The given language definition file cannot be found or
  is empty.  Maybe you need to install it?  In the current directory
  should work if nowhere else does.}
  
  
  % @documentencoding should change something in TeX eventually, most
  % likely, but for now just recognize it.
  \let\documentencoding = \comment
  
  
  % Page size parameters.
  %
  \newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt
  
  \chapheadingskip = 15pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
  \secheadingskip = 12pt plus 3pt minus 2pt
  \subsecheadingskip = 9pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
  
  % Prevent underfull vbox error messages.
  \vbadness = 10000
  
  % Don't be so finicky about underfull hboxes, either.
  \hbadness = 2000
  
  % Following George Bush, just get rid of widows and orphans.
  \widowpenalty=10000
  \clubpenalty=10000
  
  % Use TeX 3.0's \emergencystretch to help line breaking, but if we're
  % using an old version of TeX, don't do anything.  We want the amount of
  % stretch added to depend on the line length, hence the dependence on
  % \hsize.  We call this whenever the paper size is set.
  %
  \def\setemergencystretch{%
    \ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined
      % Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway.
      \def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}%
    \else
      \emergencystretch = .15\hsize
    \fi
  }
  
  % Parameters in order: 1) textheight; 2) textwidth;
  % 3) voffset; 4) hoffset; 5) binding offset; 6) topskip;
  % 7) physical page height; 8) physical page width.
  %
  % We also call \setleading{\textleading}, so the caller should define
  % \textleading.  The caller should also set \parskip.
  %
  \def\internalpagesizes#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8{%
    \voffset = #3\relax
    \topskip = #6\relax
    \splittopskip = \topskip
    %
    \vsize = #1\relax
    \advance\vsize by \topskip
    \outervsize = \vsize
    \advance\outervsize by 2\topandbottommargin
    \pageheight = \vsize
    %
    \hsize = #2\relax
    \outerhsize = \hsize
    \advance\outerhsize by 0.5in
    \pagewidth = \hsize
    %
    \normaloffset = #4\relax
    \bindingoffset = #5\relax
    %
    \ifpdf
      \pdfpageheight #7\relax
      \pdfpagewidth #8\relax
    \fi
    %
    \setleading{\textleading}
    %
    \parindent = \defaultparindent
    \setemergencystretch
  }
  
  % @letterpaper (the default).
  \def\letterpaper{{\globaldefs = 1
    \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
    \textleading = 13.2pt
    %
    % If page is nothing but text, make it come out even.
    \internalpagesizes{46\baselineskip}{6in}%
                      {\voffset}{.25in}%
                      {\bindingoffset}{36pt}%
                      {11in}{8.5in}%
  }}
  
  % Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.25 trim size.
  \def\smallbook{{\globaldefs = 1
    \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt
    \textleading = 12pt
    %
    \internalpagesizes{7.5in}{5in}%
                      {\voffset}{.25in}%
                      {\bindingoffset}{16pt}%
                      {9.25in}{7in}%
    %
    \lispnarrowing = 0.3in
    \tolerance = 700
    \hfuzz = 1pt
    \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
    \defbodyindent = .5cm
  }}
  
  % Use @smallerbook to reset parameters for 6x9 trim size.
  % (Just testing, parameters still in flux.)
  \def\smallerbook{{\globaldefs = 1
    \parskip = 1.5pt plus 1pt
    \textleading = 12pt
    %
    \internalpagesizes{7.4in}{4.8in}%
                      {-.2in}{-.4in}%
                      {0pt}{14pt}%
                      {9in}{6in}%
    %
    \lispnarrowing = 0.25in
    \tolerance = 700
    \hfuzz = 1pt
    \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
    \defbodyindent = .4cm
  }}
  
  % Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper.
  \def\afourpaper{{\globaldefs = 1
    \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
    \textleading = 13.2pt
    %
    % Double-side printing via postscript on Laserjet 4050
    % prints double-sided nicely when \bindingoffset=10mm and \hoffset=-6mm.
    % To change the settings for a different printer or situation, adjust
    % \normaloffset until the front-side and back-side texts align.  Then
    % do the same for \bindingoffset.  You can set these for testing in
    % your texinfo source file like this:
    % @tex
    % \global\normaloffset = -6mm
    % \global\bindingoffset = 10mm
    % @end tex
    \internalpagesizes{51\baselineskip}{160mm}
                      {\voffset}{\hoffset}%
                      {\bindingoffset}{44pt}%
                      {297mm}{210mm}%
    %
    \tolerance = 700
    \hfuzz = 1pt
    \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
    \defbodyindent = 5mm
  }}
  
  % Use @afivepaper to print on European A5 paper.
  % From romildo@urano.iceb.ufop.br, 2 July 2000.
  % He also recommends making @example and @lisp be small.
  \def\afivepaper{{\globaldefs = 1
    \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt minus 0.1pt
    \textleading = 12.5pt
    %
    \internalpagesizes{160mm}{120mm}%
                      {\voffset}{\hoffset}%
                      {\bindingoffset}{8pt}%
                      {210mm}{148mm}%
    %
    \lispnarrowing = 0.2in
    \tolerance = 800
    \hfuzz = 1.2pt
    \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
    \defbodyindent = 2mm
    \tableindent = 12mm
  }}
  
  % A specific text layout, 24x15cm overall, intended for A4 paper.
  \def\afourlatex{{\globaldefs = 1
    \afourpaper
    \internalpagesizes{237mm}{150mm}%
                      {\voffset}{4.6mm}%
                      {\bindingoffset}{7mm}%
                      {297mm}{210mm}%
    %
    % Must explicitly reset to 0 because we call \afourpaper.
    \globaldefs = 0
  }}
  
  % Use @afourwide to print on A4 paper in landscape format.
  \def\afourwide{{\globaldefs = 1
    \afourpaper
    \internalpagesizes{241mm}{165mm}%
                      {\voffset}{-2.95mm}%
                      {\bindingoffset}{7mm}%
                      {297mm}{210mm}%
    \globaldefs = 0
  }}
  
  % @pagesizes TEXTHEIGHT[,TEXTWIDTH]
  % Perhaps we should allow setting the margins, \topskip, \parskip,
  % and/or leading, also. Or perhaps we should compute them somehow.
  %
  \parseargdef\pagesizes{\pagesizesyyy #1,,\finish}
  \def\pagesizesyyy#1,#2,#3\finish{{%
    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \hsize=#2\relax \fi
    \globaldefs = 1
    %
    \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
    \setleading{\textleading}%
    %
    \dimen0 = #1
    \advance\dimen0 by \voffset
    %
    \dimen2 = \hsize
    \advance\dimen2 by \normaloffset
    %
    \internalpagesizes{#1}{\hsize}%
                      {\voffset}{\normaloffset}%
                      {\bindingoffset}{44pt}%
                      {\dimen0}{\dimen2}%
  }}
  
  % Set default to letter.
  %
  \letterpaper
  
  
  \message{and turning on texinfo input format.}
  
  % Define macros to output various characters with catcode for normal text.
  \catcode`\"=\other
  \catcode`\~=\other
  \catcode`\^=\other
  \catcode`\_=\other
  \catcode`\|=\other
  \catcode`\<=\other
  \catcode`\>=\other
  \catcode`\+=\other
  \catcode`\$=\other
  \def\normaldoublequote{"}
  \def\normaltilde{~}
  \def\normalcaret{^}
  \def\normalunderscore{_}
  \def\normalverticalbar{|}
  \def\normalless{<}
  \def\normalgreater{>}
  \def\normalplus{+}
  \def\normaldollar{$}%$ font-lock fix
  
  % This macro is used to make a character print one way in \tt
  % (where it can probably be output as-is), and another way in other fonts,
  % where something hairier probably needs to be done.
  %
  % #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print
  % otherwise.  Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero
  % interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all
  % typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter.
  %
  \def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}
  
  % Same as above, but check for italic font.  Actually this also catches
  % non-italic slanted fonts since it is impossible to distinguish them from
  % italic fonts.  But since this is only used by $ and it uses \sl anyway
  % this is not a problem.
  \def\ifusingit#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt #1\else #2\fi}
  
  % Turn off all special characters except @
  % (and those which the user can use as if they were ordinary).
  % Most of these we simply print from the \tt font, but for some, we can
  % use math or other variants that look better in normal text.
  
  \catcode`\"=\active
  \def\activedoublequote{{\tt\char34}}
  \let"=\activedoublequote
  \catcode`\~=\active
  \def~{{\tt\char126}}
  \chardef\hat=`\^
  \catcode`\^=\active
  \def^{{\tt \hat}}
  
  \catcode`\_=\active
  \def_{\ifusingtt\normalunderscore\_}
  \let\realunder=_
  % Subroutine for the previous macro.
  \def\_{\leavevmode \kern.07em \vbox{\hrule width.3em height.1ex}\kern .07em }
  
  \catcode`\|=\active
  \def|{{\tt\char124}}
  \chardef \less=`\<
  \catcode`\<=\active
  \def<{{\tt \less}}
  \chardef \gtr=`\>
  \catcode`\>=\active
  \def>{{\tt \gtr}}
  \catcode`\+=\active
  \def+{{\tt \char 43}}
  \catcode`\$=\active
  \def${\ifusingit{{\sl\$}}\normaldollar}%$ font-lock fix
  
  % If a .fmt file is being used, characters that might appear in a file
  % name cannot be active until we have parsed the command line.
  % So turn them off again, and have \everyjob (or @setfilename) turn them on.
  % \otherifyactive is called near the end of this file.
  \def\otherifyactive{\catcode`+=\other \catcode`\_=\other}
  
  % Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters even after
  % parsing them.
  \def\turnoffactive{%
    \normalturnoffactive
    \otherbackslash
  }
  
  \catcode`\@=0
  
  % \backslashcurfont outputs one backslash character in current font,
  % as in \char`\\.
  \global\chardef\backslashcurfont=`\\
  \global\let\rawbackslashxx=\backslashcurfont  % let existing .??s files work
  
  % \realbackslash is an actual character `\' with catcode other, and
  % \doublebackslash is two of them (for the pdf outlines).
  {\catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\} @gdef@doublebackslash{\\}}
  
  % In texinfo, backslash is an active character; it prints the backslash
  % in fixed width font.
  \catcode`\\=\active
  @def@normalbackslash{{@tt@backslashcurfont}}
  % On startup, @fixbackslash assigns:
  %  @let \ = @normalbackslash
  
  % \rawbackslash defines an active \ to do \backslashcurfont.
  % \otherbackslash defines an active \ to be a literal `\' character with
  % catcode other.
  @gdef@rawbackslash{@let\=@backslashcurfont}
  @gdef@otherbackslash{@let\=@realbackslash}
  
  % Same as @turnoffactive except outputs \ as {\tt\char`\\} instead of
  % the literal character `\'.
  % 
  @def@normalturnoffactive{%
    @let\=@normalbackslash
    @let"=@normaldoublequote
    @let~=@normaltilde
    @let^=@normalcaret
    @let_=@normalunderscore
    @let|=@normalverticalbar
    @let<=@normalless
    @let>=@normalgreater
    @let+=@normalplus
    @let$=@normaldollar %$ font-lock fix
    @unsepspaces
  }
  
  % Make _ and + \other characters, temporarily.
  % This is canceled by @fixbackslash.
  @otherifyactive
  
  % If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up.
  % That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing
  % a backslash.
  %
  @gdef@eatinput input texinfo{@fixbackslash}
  @global@let\ = @eatinput
  
  % On the other hand, perhaps the file did not have a `\input texinfo'. Then
  % the first `\' in the file would cause an error. This macro tries to fix
  % that, assuming it is called before the first `\' could plausibly occur.
  % Also turn back on active characters that might appear in the input
  % file name, in case not using a pre-dumped format.
  %
  @gdef@fixbackslash{%
    @ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi
    @catcode`+=@active
    @catcode`@_=@active
  }
  
  % Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages.
  @escapechar = `@@
  
  % These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special.
  @catcode`@& = @other
  @catcode`@# = @other
  @catcode`@% = @other
  
  
  @c Local variables:
  @c eval: (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'time-stamp)
  @c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message"
  @c time-stamp-start: "def\\\\texinfoversion{"
  @c time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H"
  @c time-stamp-end: "}"
  @c End:
  
  @c vim:sw=2:
  
  @ignore
     arch-tag: e1b36e32-c96e-4135-a41a-0b2efa2ea115
  @end ignore