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kc3-lang/harfbuzz/src/hb-ot-shaper-indic.cc

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  • Author : Behdad Esfahbod
    Date : 2025-03-12 16:33:13
    Hash : a0d76c5b
    Message : [atomic] Templatize

  • src/hb-ot-shaper-indic.cc
  • /*
     * Copyright © 2011,2012  Google, Inc.
     *
     *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
     *
     * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
     * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
     * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
     * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
     * all copies of this software.
     *
     * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
     * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
     * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
     * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
     * DAMAGE.
     *
     * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
     * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
     * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
     * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
     * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
     *
     * Google Author(s): Behdad Esfahbod
     */
    
    #include "hb.hh"
    
    #ifndef HB_NO_OT_SHAPE
    
    #include "hb-ot-shaper-indic.hh"
    #include "hb-ot-shaper-indic-machine.hh"
    #include "hb-ot-shaper-vowel-constraints.hh"
    #include "hb-ot-layout.hh"
    
    
    /*
     * Indic shaper.
     */
    
    
    static inline void
    set_indic_properties (hb_glyph_info_t &info)
    {
      hb_codepoint_t u = info.codepoint;
      unsigned int type = hb_indic_get_categories (u);
    
      info.indic_category() = (indic_category_t) (type & 0xFFu);
      info.indic_position() = (indic_position_t) (type >> 8);
    }
    
    
    static inline bool
    is_one_of (const hb_glyph_info_t &info, unsigned int flags)
    {
      /* If it ligated, all bets are off. */
      if (_hb_glyph_info_ligated (&info)) return false;
      return !!(FLAG_UNSAFE (info.indic_category()) & flags);
    }
    
    /* Note:
     *
     * We treat Vowels and placeholders as if they were consonants.  This is safe because Vowels
     * cannot happen in a consonant syllable.  The plus side however is, we can call the
     * consonant syllable logic from the vowel syllable function and get it all right!
     *
     * Keep in sync with consonant_categories in the generator. */
    #define CONSONANT_FLAGS_INDIC (FLAG (I_Cat(C)) | FLAG (I_Cat(CS)) | FLAG (I_Cat(Ra)) | FLAG (I_Cat(CM)) | FLAG (I_Cat(V)) | FLAG (I_Cat(PLACEHOLDER)) | FLAG (I_Cat(DOTTEDCIRCLE)))
    
    static inline bool
    is_consonant (const hb_glyph_info_t &info)
    {
      return is_one_of (info, CONSONANT_FLAGS_INDIC);
    }
    
    #define JOINER_FLAGS (FLAG (I_Cat(ZWJ)) | FLAG (I_Cat(ZWNJ)))
    
    static inline bool
    is_joiner (const hb_glyph_info_t &info)
    {
      return is_one_of (info, JOINER_FLAGS);
    }
    
    static inline bool
    is_halant (const hb_glyph_info_t &info)
    {
      return is_one_of (info, FLAG (I_Cat(H)));
    }
    
    struct hb_indic_would_substitute_feature_t
    {
      void init (const hb_ot_map_t *map, hb_tag_t feature_tag, bool zero_context_)
      {
        zero_context = zero_context_;
        lookups = map->get_stage_lookups (0/*GSUB*/,
    				      map->get_feature_stage (0/*GSUB*/, feature_tag));
      }
    
      bool would_substitute (const hb_codepoint_t *glyphs,
    			 unsigned int          glyphs_count,
    			 hb_face_t            *face) const
      {
        for (const auto &lookup : lookups)
          if (hb_ot_layout_lookup_would_substitute (face, lookup.index, glyphs, glyphs_count, zero_context))
    	return true;
        return false;
      }
    
      private:
      hb_array_t<const hb_ot_map_t::lookup_map_t> lookups;
      bool zero_context;
    };
    
    
    /*
     * Indic configurations.  Note that we do not want to keep every single script-specific
     * behavior in these tables necessarily.  This should mainly be used for per-script
     * properties that are cheaper keeping here, than in the code.  Ie. if, say, one and
     * only one script has an exception, that one script can be if'ed directly in the code,
     * instead of adding a new flag in these structs.
     */
    
    enum reph_position_t {
      REPH_POS_AFTER_MAIN  = POS_AFTER_MAIN,
      REPH_POS_BEFORE_SUB  = POS_BEFORE_SUB,
      REPH_POS_AFTER_SUB   = POS_AFTER_SUB,
      REPH_POS_BEFORE_POST = POS_BEFORE_POST,
      REPH_POS_AFTER_POST  = POS_AFTER_POST
    };
    enum reph_mode_t {
      REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT,  /* Reph formed out of initial Ra,H sequence. */
      REPH_MODE_EXPLICIT,  /* Reph formed out of initial Ra,H,ZWJ sequence. */
      REPH_MODE_LOG_REPHA  /* Encoded Repha character, needs reordering. */
    };
    enum blwf_mode_t {
      BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST, /* Below-forms feature applied to pre-base and post-base. */
      BLWF_MODE_POST_ONLY     /* Below-forms feature applied to post-base only. */
    };
    struct indic_config_t
    {
      hb_script_t     script;
      bool            has_old_spec;
      hb_codepoint_t  virama;
      reph_position_t reph_pos;
      reph_mode_t     reph_mode;
      blwf_mode_t     blwf_mode;
    };
    
    static const indic_config_t indic_configs[] =
    {
      /* Default.  Should be first. */
      {HB_SCRIPT_INVALID,	false,      0,REPH_POS_BEFORE_POST,REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT, BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST},
      {HB_SCRIPT_DEVANAGARI,true, 0x094Du,REPH_POS_BEFORE_POST,REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT, BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST},
      {HB_SCRIPT_BENGALI,	true, 0x09CDu,REPH_POS_AFTER_SUB,  REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT, BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST},
      {HB_SCRIPT_GURMUKHI,	true, 0x0A4Du,REPH_POS_BEFORE_SUB, REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT, BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST},
      {HB_SCRIPT_GUJARATI,	true, 0x0ACDu,REPH_POS_BEFORE_POST,REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT, BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST},
      {HB_SCRIPT_ORIYA,	true, 0x0B4Du,REPH_POS_AFTER_MAIN, REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT, BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST},
      {HB_SCRIPT_TAMIL,	true, 0x0BCDu,REPH_POS_AFTER_POST, REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT, BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST},
      {HB_SCRIPT_TELUGU,	true, 0x0C4Du,REPH_POS_AFTER_POST, REPH_MODE_EXPLICIT, BLWF_MODE_POST_ONLY},
      {HB_SCRIPT_KANNADA,	true, 0x0CCDu,REPH_POS_AFTER_POST, REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT, BLWF_MODE_POST_ONLY},
      {HB_SCRIPT_MALAYALAM,	true, 0x0D4Du,REPH_POS_AFTER_MAIN, REPH_MODE_LOG_REPHA,BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST},
    };
    
    
    static const hb_ot_map_feature_t
    indic_features[] =
    {
      /*
       * Basic features.
       * These features are applied in order, one at a time, after initial_reordering,
       * constrained to the syllable.
       */
      {HB_TAG('n','u','k','t'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('a','k','h','n'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('r','p','h','f'),        F_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('r','k','r','f'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('p','r','e','f'),        F_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('b','l','w','f'),        F_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('a','b','v','f'),        F_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('h','a','l','f'),        F_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('p','s','t','f'),        F_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('v','a','t','u'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('c','j','c','t'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      /*
       * Other features.
       * These features are applied all at once, after final_reordering, constrained
       * to the syllable.
       * Default Bengali font in Windows for example has intermixed
       * lookups for init,pres,abvs,blws features.
       */
      {HB_TAG('i','n','i','t'),        F_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('p','r','e','s'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('a','b','v','s'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('b','l','w','s'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('p','s','t','s'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
      {HB_TAG('h','a','l','n'), F_GLOBAL_MANUAL_JOINERS | F_PER_SYLLABLE},
    };
    
    /*
     * Must be in the same order as the indic_features array.
     */
    enum {
      _INDIC_NUKT,
      _INDIC_AKHN,
      INDIC_RPHF,
      _INDIC_RKRF,
      INDIC_PREF,
      INDIC_BLWF,
      INDIC_ABVF,
      INDIC_HALF,
      INDIC_PSTF,
      _INDIC_VATU,
      _INDIC_CJCT,
    
      INDIC_INIT,
      _INDIC_PRES,
      _INDIC_ABVS,
      _INDIC_BLWS,
      _INDIC_PSTS,
      _INDIC_HALN,
    
      INDIC_NUM_FEATURES,
      INDIC_BASIC_FEATURES = INDIC_INIT, /* Don't forget to update this! */
    };
    
    static bool
    setup_syllables_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    		       hb_font_t *font,
    		       hb_buffer_t *buffer);
    static bool
    initial_reordering_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    			  hb_font_t *font,
    			  hb_buffer_t *buffer);
    static bool
    final_reordering_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    			hb_font_t *font,
    			hb_buffer_t *buffer);
    
    static void
    collect_features_indic (hb_ot_shape_planner_t *plan)
    {
      hb_ot_map_builder_t *map = &plan->map;
    
      /* Do this before any lookups have been applied. */
      map->add_gsub_pause (setup_syllables_indic);
    
      map->enable_feature (HB_TAG('l','o','c','l'), F_PER_SYLLABLE);
      /* The Indic specs do not require ccmp, but we apply it here since if
       * there is a use of it, it's typically at the beginning. */
      map->enable_feature (HB_TAG('c','c','m','p'), F_PER_SYLLABLE);
    
    
      unsigned int i = 0;
      map->add_gsub_pause (initial_reordering_indic);
    
      for (; i < INDIC_BASIC_FEATURES; i++) {
        map->add_feature (indic_features[i]);
        map->add_gsub_pause (nullptr);
      }
    
      map->add_gsub_pause (final_reordering_indic);
    
      for (; i < INDIC_NUM_FEATURES; i++)
        map->add_feature (indic_features[i]);
    }
    
    static void
    override_features_indic (hb_ot_shape_planner_t *plan)
    {
      plan->map.disable_feature (HB_TAG('l','i','g','a'));
      plan->map.add_gsub_pause (hb_syllabic_clear_var); // Don't need syllables anymore, use stop to free buffer var
    }
    
    
    struct indic_shape_plan_t
    {
      bool load_virama_glyph (hb_font_t *font, hb_codepoint_t *pglyph) const
      {
        hb_codepoint_t glyph = virama_glyph;
        if (unlikely (glyph == (hb_codepoint_t) -1))
        {
          if (!config->virama || !font->get_nominal_glyph (config->virama, &glyph))
    	glyph = 0;
          /* Technically speaking, the spec says we should apply 'locl' to virama too.
           * Maybe one day... */
    
          /* Our get_nominal_glyph() function needs a font, so we can't get the virama glyph
           * during shape planning...  Instead, overwrite it here. */
          virama_glyph = (int) glyph;
        }
    
        *pglyph = glyph;
        return glyph != 0;
      }
    
      const indic_config_t *config;
    
      bool is_old_spec;
    #ifndef HB_NO_UNISCRIBE_BUG_COMPATIBLE
      bool uniscribe_bug_compatible;
    #else
      static constexpr bool uniscribe_bug_compatible = false;
    #endif
      mutable hb_atomic_t<hb_codepoint_t> virama_glyph;
    
      hb_indic_would_substitute_feature_t rphf;
      hb_indic_would_substitute_feature_t pref;
      hb_indic_would_substitute_feature_t blwf;
      hb_indic_would_substitute_feature_t pstf;
      hb_indic_would_substitute_feature_t vatu;
    
      hb_mask_t mask_array[INDIC_NUM_FEATURES];
    };
    
    static void *
    data_create_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan)
    {
      indic_shape_plan_t *indic_plan = (indic_shape_plan_t *) hb_calloc (1, sizeof (indic_shape_plan_t));
      if (unlikely (!indic_plan))
        return nullptr;
    
      indic_plan->config = &indic_configs[0];
      for (unsigned int i = 1; i < ARRAY_LENGTH (indic_configs); i++)
        if (plan->props.script == indic_configs[i].script) {
          indic_plan->config = &indic_configs[i];
          break;
        }
    
      indic_plan->is_old_spec = indic_plan->config->has_old_spec && ((plan->map.chosen_script[0] & 0x000000FFu) != '2');
    #ifndef HB_NO_UNISCRIBE_BUG_COMPATIBLE
      indic_plan->uniscribe_bug_compatible = hb_options ().uniscribe_bug_compatible;
    #endif
      indic_plan->virama_glyph = -1;
    
      /* Use zero-context would_substitute() matching for new-spec of the main
       * Indic scripts, and scripts with one spec only, but not for old-specs.
       * The new-spec for all dual-spec scripts says zero-context matching happens.
       *
       * However, testing with Malayalam shows that old and new spec both allow
       * context.  Testing with Bengali new-spec however shows that it doesn't.
       * So, the heuristic here is the way it is.  It should *only* be changed,
       * as we discover more cases of what Windows does.  DON'T TOUCH OTHERWISE.
       */
      bool zero_context = !indic_plan->is_old_spec && plan->props.script != HB_SCRIPT_MALAYALAM;
      indic_plan->rphf.init (&plan->map, HB_TAG('r','p','h','f'), zero_context);
      indic_plan->pref.init (&plan->map, HB_TAG('p','r','e','f'), zero_context);
      indic_plan->blwf.init (&plan->map, HB_TAG('b','l','w','f'), zero_context);
      indic_plan->pstf.init (&plan->map, HB_TAG('p','s','t','f'), zero_context);
      indic_plan->vatu.init (&plan->map, HB_TAG('v','a','t','u'), zero_context);
    
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH (indic_plan->mask_array); i++)
        indic_plan->mask_array[i] = (indic_features[i].flags & F_GLOBAL) ?
    				 0 : plan->map.get_1_mask (indic_features[i].tag);
    
      return indic_plan;
    }
    
    static void
    data_destroy_indic (void *data)
    {
      hb_free (data);
    }
    
    static indic_position_t
    consonant_position_from_face (const indic_shape_plan_t *indic_plan,
    			      const hb_codepoint_t consonant,
    			      const hb_codepoint_t virama,
    			      hb_face_t *face)
    {
      /* For old-spec, the order of glyphs is Consonant,Virama,
       * whereas for new-spec, it's Virama,Consonant.  However,
       * some broken fonts (like Free Sans) simply copied lookups
       * from old-spec to new-spec without modification.
       * And oddly enough, Uniscribe seems to respect those lookups.
       * Eg. in the sequence U+0924,U+094D,U+0930, Uniscribe finds
       * base at 0.  The font however, only has lookups matching
       * 930,94D in 'blwf', not the expected 94D,930 (with new-spec
       * table).  As such, we simply match both sequences.  Seems
       * to work.
       *
       * Vatu is done as well, for:
       * https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/1587
       */
      hb_codepoint_t glyphs[3] = {virama, consonant, virama};
      if (indic_plan->blwf.would_substitute (glyphs  , 2, face) ||
          indic_plan->blwf.would_substitute (glyphs+1, 2, face) ||
          indic_plan->vatu.would_substitute (glyphs  , 2, face) ||
          indic_plan->vatu.would_substitute (glyphs+1, 2, face))
        return POS_BELOW_C;
      if (indic_plan->pstf.would_substitute (glyphs  , 2, face) ||
          indic_plan->pstf.would_substitute (glyphs+1, 2, face))
        return POS_POST_C;
      if (indic_plan->pref.would_substitute (glyphs  , 2, face) ||
          indic_plan->pref.would_substitute (glyphs+1, 2, face))
        return POS_POST_C;
      return POS_BASE_C;
    }
    
    static void
    setup_masks_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan HB_UNUSED,
    		   hb_buffer_t              *buffer,
    		   hb_font_t                *font HB_UNUSED)
    {
      HB_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_VAR (buffer, indic_category);
      HB_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_VAR (buffer, indic_position);
    
      /* We cannot setup masks here.  We save information about characters
       * and setup masks later on in a pause-callback. */
    
      unsigned int count = buffer->len;
      hb_glyph_info_t *info = buffer->info;
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        set_indic_properties (info[i]);
    }
    
    static bool
    setup_syllables_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan HB_UNUSED,
    		       hb_font_t *font HB_UNUSED,
    		       hb_buffer_t *buffer)
    {
      HB_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_VAR (buffer, syllable);
      find_syllables_indic (buffer);
      foreach_syllable (buffer, start, end)
        buffer->unsafe_to_break (start, end);
      return false;
    }
    
    static int
    compare_indic_order (const hb_glyph_info_t *pa, const hb_glyph_info_t *pb)
    {
      int a = pa->indic_position();
      int b = pb->indic_position();
    
      return (int) a - (int) b;
    }
    
    
    
    static void
    update_consonant_positions_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    				  hb_font_t         *font,
    				  hb_buffer_t       *buffer)
    {
      const indic_shape_plan_t *indic_plan = (const indic_shape_plan_t *) plan->data;
    
      hb_codepoint_t virama;
      if (indic_plan->load_virama_glyph (font, &virama))
      {
        hb_face_t *face = font->face;
        unsigned int count = buffer->len;
        hb_glyph_info_t *info = buffer->info;
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++)
          if (info[i].indic_position() == POS_BASE_C)
          {
    	hb_codepoint_t consonant = info[i].codepoint;
    	info[i].indic_position() = consonant_position_from_face (indic_plan, consonant, virama, face);
          }
      }
    }
    
    
    /* Rules from:
     * https://docs.microsqoft.com/en-us/typography/script-development/devanagari */
    
    static void
    initial_reordering_consonant_syllable (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    				       hb_face_t *face,
    				       hb_buffer_t *buffer,
    				       unsigned int start, unsigned int end)
    {
      const indic_shape_plan_t *indic_plan = (const indic_shape_plan_t *) plan->data;
      hb_glyph_info_t *info = buffer->info;
    
      /* https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/435#issuecomment-335560167
       * // For compatibility with legacy usage in Kannada,
       * // Ra+h+ZWJ must behave like Ra+ZWJ+h...
       */
      if (buffer->props.script == HB_SCRIPT_KANNADA &&
          start + 3 <= end &&
          is_one_of (info[start  ], FLAG (I_Cat(Ra))) &&
          is_one_of (info[start+1], FLAG (I_Cat(H))) &&
          is_one_of (info[start+2], FLAG (I_Cat(ZWJ))))
      {
        buffer->merge_clusters (start+1, start+3);
        hb_swap (info[start+1], info[start+2]);
      }
    
      /* 1. Find base consonant:
       *
       * The shaping engine finds the base consonant of the syllable, using the
       * following algorithm: starting from the end of the syllable, move backwards
       * until a consonant is found that does not have a below-base or post-base
       * form (post-base forms have to follow below-base forms), or that is not a
       * pre-base-reordering Ra, or arrive at the first consonant. The consonant
       * stopped at will be the base.
       *
       *   o If the syllable starts with Ra + Halant (in a script that has Reph)
       *     and has more than one consonant, Ra is excluded from candidates for
       *     base consonants.
       */
    
      unsigned int base = end;
      bool has_reph = false;
    
      {
        /* -> If the syllable starts with Ra + Halant (in a script that has Reph)
         *    and has more than one consonant, Ra is excluded from candidates for
         *    base consonants. */
        unsigned int limit = start;
        if (indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_RPHF] &&
    	start + 3 <= end &&
    	(
    	 (indic_plan->config->reph_mode == REPH_MODE_IMPLICIT && !is_joiner (info[start + 2])) ||
    	 (indic_plan->config->reph_mode == REPH_MODE_EXPLICIT && info[start + 2].indic_category() == I_Cat(ZWJ))
    	))
        {
          /* See if it matches the 'rphf' feature. */
          hb_codepoint_t glyphs[3] = {info[start].codepoint,
    				  info[start + 1].codepoint,
    				  indic_plan->config->reph_mode == REPH_MODE_EXPLICIT ?
    				    info[start + 2].codepoint : 0};
          if (indic_plan->rphf.would_substitute (glyphs, 2, face) ||
    	  (indic_plan->config->reph_mode == REPH_MODE_EXPLICIT &&
    	   indic_plan->rphf.would_substitute (glyphs, 3, face)))
          {
    	limit += 2;
    	while (limit < end && is_joiner (info[limit]))
    	  limit++;
    	base = start;
    	has_reph = true;
          }
        } else if (indic_plan->config->reph_mode == REPH_MODE_LOG_REPHA && info[start].indic_category() == I_Cat(Repha))
        {
    	limit += 1;
    	while (limit < end && is_joiner (info[limit]))
    	  limit++;
    	base = start;
    	has_reph = true;
        }
    
        {
          /* -> starting from the end of the syllable, move backwards */
          unsigned int i = end;
          bool seen_below = false;
          do {
    	i--;
    	/* -> until a consonant is found */
    	if (is_consonant (info[i]))
    	{
    	  /* -> that does not have a below-base or post-base form
    	   * (post-base forms have to follow below-base forms), */
    	  if (info[i].indic_position() != POS_BELOW_C &&
    	      (info[i].indic_position() != POS_POST_C || seen_below))
    	  {
    	    base = i;
    	    break;
    	  }
    	  if (info[i].indic_position() == POS_BELOW_C)
    	    seen_below = true;
    
    	  /* -> or that is not a pre-base-reordering Ra,
    	   *
    	   * IMPLEMENTATION NOTES:
    	   *
    	   * Our pre-base-reordering Ra's are marked POS_POST_C, so will be skipped
    	   * by the logic above already.
    	   */
    
    	  /* -> or arrive at the first consonant. The consonant stopped at will
    	   * be the base. */
    	  base = i;
    	}
    	else
    	{
    	  /* A ZWJ after a Halant stops the base search, and requests an explicit
    	   * half form.
    	   * A ZWJ before a Halant, requests a subjoined form instead, and hence
    	   * search continues.  This is particularly important for Bengali
    	   * sequence Ra,H,Ya that should form Ya-Phalaa by subjoining Ya. */
    	  if (start < i &&
    	      info[i].indic_category() == I_Cat(ZWJ) &&
    	      info[i - 1].indic_category() == I_Cat(H))
    	    break;
    	}
          } while (i > limit);
        }
    
        /* -> If the syllable starts with Ra + Halant (in a script that has Reph)
         *    and has more than one consonant, Ra is excluded from candidates for
         *    base consonants.
         *
         *  Only do this for unforced Reph. (ie. not for Ra,H,ZWJ. */
        if (has_reph && base == start && limit - base <= 2) {
          /* Have no other consonant, so Reph is not formed and Ra becomes base. */
          has_reph = false;
        }
      }
    
    
      /* 2. Decompose and reorder Matras:
       *
       * Each matra and any syllable modifier sign in the syllable are moved to the
       * appropriate position relative to the consonant(s) in the syllable. The
       * shaping engine decomposes two- or three-part matras into their constituent
       * parts before any repositioning. Matra characters are classified by which
       * consonant in a conjunct they have affinity for and are reordered to the
       * following positions:
       *
       *   o Before first half form in the syllable
       *   o After subjoined consonants
       *   o After post-form consonant
       *   o After main consonant (for above marks)
       *
       * IMPLEMENTATION NOTES:
       *
       * The normalize() routine has already decomposed matras for us, so we don't
       * need to worry about that.
       */
    
    
      /* 3.  Reorder marks to canonical order:
       *
       * Adjacent nukta and halant or nukta and vedic sign are always repositioned
       * if necessary, so that the nukta is first.
       *
       * IMPLEMENTATION NOTES:
       *
       * We don't need to do this: the normalize() routine already did this for us.
       */
    
    
      /* Reorder characters */
    
      for (unsigned int i = start; i < base; i++)
        info[i].indic_position() = hb_min (POS_PRE_C, (indic_position_t) info[i].indic_position());
    
      if (base < end)
        info[base].indic_position() = POS_BASE_C;
    
      /* Handle beginning Ra */
      if (has_reph)
        info[start].indic_position() = POS_RA_TO_BECOME_REPH;
    
      /* For old-style Indic script tags, move the first post-base Halant after
       * last consonant.
       *
       * Reports suggest that in some scripts Uniscribe does this only if there
       * is *not* a Halant after last consonant already.  We know that is the
       * case for Kannada, while it reorders unconditionally in other scripts,
       * eg. Malayalam, Bengali, and Devanagari.  We don't currently know about
       * other scripts, so we block Kannada.
       *
       * Kannada test case:
       * U+0C9A,U+0CCD,U+0C9A,U+0CCD
       * With some versions of Lohit Kannada.
       * https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=59118
       *
       * Malayalam test case:
       * U+0D38,U+0D4D,U+0D31,U+0D4D,U+0D31,U+0D4D
       * With lohit-ttf-20121122/Lohit-Malayalam.ttf
       *
       * Bengali test case:
       * U+0998,U+09CD,U+09AF,U+09CD
       * With Windows XP vrinda.ttf
       * https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/1073
       *
       * Devanagari test case:
       * U+091F,U+094D,U+0930,U+094D
       * With chandas.ttf
       * https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/1071
       */
      if (indic_plan->is_old_spec)
      {
        bool disallow_double_halants = buffer->props.script == HB_SCRIPT_KANNADA;
        for (unsigned int i = base + 1; i < end; i++)
          if (info[i].indic_category() == I_Cat(H))
          {
    	unsigned int j;
    	for (j = end - 1; j > i; j--)
    	  if (is_consonant (info[j]) ||
    	      (disallow_double_halants && info[j].indic_category() == I_Cat(H)))
    	    break;
    	if (info[j].indic_category() != I_Cat(H) && j > i) {
    	  /* Move Halant to after last consonant. */
    	  hb_glyph_info_t t = info[i];
    	  memmove (&info[i], &info[i + 1], (j - i) * sizeof (info[0]));
    	  info[j] = t;
    	}
    	break;
          }
      }
    
      /* Attach misc marks to previous char to move with them. */
      {
        indic_position_t last_pos = POS_START;
        for (unsigned int i = start; i < end; i++)
        {
          if ((FLAG_UNSAFE (info[i].indic_category()) & (JOINER_FLAGS | FLAG (I_Cat(N)) | FLAG (I_Cat(RS)) | FLAG (I_Cat(CM)) | FLAG (I_Cat(H)))))
          {
    	info[i].indic_position() = last_pos;
    	if (unlikely (info[i].indic_category() == I_Cat(H) &&
    		      info[i].indic_position() == POS_PRE_M))
    	{
    	  /*
    	   * Uniscribe doesn't move the Halant with Left Matra.
    	   * TEST: U+092B,U+093F,U+094D
    	   * We follow.
    	   */
    	  for (unsigned int j = i; j > start; j--)
    	    if (info[j - 1].indic_position() != POS_PRE_M) {
    	      info[i].indic_position() = info[j - 1].indic_position();
    	      break;
    	    }
    	}
          } else if (info[i].indic_position() != POS_SMVD) {
    	if (info[i].indic_category() == I_Cat(MPst) &&
    	    i > start && info[i - 1].indic_category() == I_Cat(SM))
    	  info[i - 1].indic_position() = info[i].indic_position();
    	last_pos = (indic_position_t) info[i].indic_position();
          }
        }
      }
      /* For post-base consonants let them own anything before them
       * since the last consonant or matra. */
      {
        unsigned int last = base;
        for (unsigned int i = base + 1; i < end; i++)
          if (is_consonant (info[i]))
          {
    	for (unsigned int j = last + 1; j < i; j++)
    	  if (info[j].indic_position() < POS_SMVD)
    	    info[j].indic_position() = info[i].indic_position();
    	last = i;
          } else if (FLAG_UNSAFE (info[i].indic_category()) & (FLAG (I_Cat(M)) | FLAG (I_Cat(MPst))))
    	last = i;
      }
    
    
      {
        /* Use syllable() for sort accounting temporarily. */
        unsigned int syllable = info[start].syllable();
        for (unsigned int i = start; i < end; i++)
          info[i].syllable() = i - start;
    
        /* Sit tight, rock 'n roll! */
        hb_stable_sort (info + start, end - start, compare_indic_order);
    
        /* Find base again; also flip left-matra sequence. */
        unsigned first_left_matra = end;
        unsigned last_left_matra = end;
        base = end;
        for (unsigned int i = start; i < end; i++)
        {
          if (info[i].indic_position() == POS_BASE_C)
          {
    	base = i;
    	break;
          }
          else if (info[i].indic_position() == POS_PRE_M)
          {
            if (first_left_matra == end)
    	  first_left_matra = i;
    	last_left_matra = i;
          }
        }
        /* https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/3863 */
        if (first_left_matra < last_left_matra)
        {
          /* No need to merge clusters, handled later. */
          buffer->reverse_range (first_left_matra, last_left_matra + 1);
          /* Reverse back nuktas, etc. */
          unsigned i = first_left_matra;
          for (unsigned j = i; j <= last_left_matra; j++)
    	if (FLAG_UNSAFE (info[j].indic_category()) & (FLAG (I_Cat(M)) | FLAG (I_Cat(MPst))))
    	{
    	  buffer->reverse_range (i, j + 1);
    	  i = j + 1;
    	}
        }
    
        /* Things are out-of-control for post base positions, they may shuffle
         * around like crazy.  In old-spec mode, we move halants around, so in
         * that case merge all clusters after base.  Otherwise, check the sort
         * order and merge as needed.
         * For pre-base stuff, we handle cluster issues in final reordering.
         *
         * We could use buffer->sort() for this, if there was no special
         * reordering of pre-base stuff happening later...
         * We don't want to merge_clusters all of that, which buffer->sort()
         * would.  Here's a concrete example:
         *
         * Assume there's a pre-base consonant and explicit Halant before base,
         * followed by a prebase-reordering (left) Matra:
         *
         *   C,H,ZWNJ,B,M
         *
         * At this point in reordering we would have:
         *
         *   M,C,H,ZWNJ,B
         *
         * whereas in final reordering we will bring the Matra closer to Base:
         *
         *   C,H,ZWNJ,M,B
         *
         * That's why we don't want to merge-clusters anything before the Base
         * at this point.  But if something moved from after Base to before it,
         * we should merge clusters from base to them.  In final-reordering, we
         * only move things around before base, and merge-clusters up to base.
         * These two merge-clusters from the two sides of base will interlock
         * to merge things correctly.  See:
         * https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/2272
         */
        if (indic_plan->is_old_spec || end - start > 127)
          buffer->merge_clusters (base, end);
        else
        {
          /* Note!  syllable() is a one-byte field. */
          for (unsigned int i = base; i < end; i++)
    	if (info[i].syllable() != 255)
    	{
    	  unsigned int min = i;
    	  unsigned int max = i;
    	  unsigned int j = start + info[i].syllable();
    	  while (j != i)
    	  {
    	    min = hb_min (min, j);
    	    max = hb_max (max, j);
    	    unsigned int next = start + info[j].syllable();
    	    info[j].syllable() = 255; /* So we don't process j later again. */
    	    j = next;
    	  }
    	  buffer->merge_clusters (hb_max (base, min), max + 1);
    	}
        }
    
        /* Put syllable back in. */
        for (unsigned int i = start; i < end; i++)
          info[i].syllable() = syllable;
      }
    
      /* Setup masks now */
    
      {
        hb_mask_t mask;
    
        /* Reph */
        for (unsigned int i = start; i < end && info[i].indic_position() == POS_RA_TO_BECOME_REPH; i++)
          info[i].mask |= indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_RPHF];
    
        /* Pre-base */
        mask = indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_HALF];
        if (!indic_plan->is_old_spec &&
    	indic_plan->config->blwf_mode == BLWF_MODE_PRE_AND_POST)
          mask |= indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_BLWF];
        for (unsigned int i = start; i < base; i++)
          info[i].mask  |= mask;
        /* Base */
        mask = 0;
        if (base < end)
          info[base].mask |= mask;
        /* Post-base */
        mask = indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_BLWF] |
    	   indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_ABVF] |
    	   indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_PSTF];
        for (unsigned int i = base + 1; i < end; i++)
          info[i].mask  |= mask;
      }
    
      if (indic_plan->is_old_spec &&
          buffer->props.script == HB_SCRIPT_DEVANAGARI)
      {
        /* Old-spec eye-lash Ra needs special handling.  From the
         * spec:
         *
         * "The feature 'below-base form' is applied to consonants
         * having below-base forms and following the base consonant.
         * The exception is vattu, which may appear below half forms
         * as well as below the base glyph. The feature 'below-base
         * form' will be applied to all such occurrences of Ra as well."
         *
         * Test case: U+0924,U+094D,U+0930,U+094d,U+0915
         * with Sanskrit 2003 font.
         *
         * However, note that Ra,Halant,ZWJ is the correct way to
         * request eyelash form of Ra, so we wouldbn't inhibit it
         * in that sequence.
         *
         * Test case: U+0924,U+094D,U+0930,U+094d,U+200D,U+0915
         */
        for (unsigned int i = start; i + 1 < base; i++)
          if (info[i  ].indic_category() == I_Cat(Ra) &&
    	  info[i+1].indic_category() == I_Cat(H)  &&
    	  (i + 2 == base ||
    	   info[i+2].indic_category() != I_Cat(ZWJ)))
          {
    	info[i  ].mask |= indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_BLWF];
    	info[i+1].mask |= indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_BLWF];
          }
      }
    
      unsigned int pref_len = 2;
      if (indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_PREF] && base + pref_len < end)
      {
        /* Find a Halant,Ra sequence and mark it for pre-base-reordering processing. */
        for (unsigned int i = base + 1; i + pref_len - 1 < end; i++) {
          hb_codepoint_t glyphs[2];
          for (unsigned int j = 0; j < pref_len; j++)
    	glyphs[j] = info[i + j].codepoint;
          if (indic_plan->pref.would_substitute (glyphs, pref_len, face))
          {
    	for (unsigned int j = 0; j < pref_len; j++)
    	  info[i++].mask |= indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_PREF];
    	break;
          }
        }
      }
    
      /* Apply ZWJ/ZWNJ effects */
      for (unsigned int i = start + 1; i < end; i++)
        if (is_joiner (info[i])) {
          bool non_joiner = info[i].indic_category() == I_Cat(ZWNJ);
          unsigned int j = i;
    
          do {
    	j--;
    
    	/* ZWJ/ZWNJ should disable CJCT.  They do that by simply
    	 * being there, since we don't skip them for the CJCT
    	 * feature (ie. F_MANUAL_ZWJ) */
    
    	/* A ZWNJ disables HALF. */
    	if (non_joiner)
    	  info[j].mask &= ~indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_HALF];
    
          } while (j > start && !is_consonant (info[j]));
        }
    }
    
    static void
    initial_reordering_standalone_cluster (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    				       hb_face_t *face,
    				       hb_buffer_t *buffer,
    				       unsigned int start, unsigned int end)
    {
      /* We treat placeholder/dotted-circle as if they are consonants, so we
       * should just chain.  Only if not in compatibility mode that is... */
    
      const indic_shape_plan_t *indic_plan = (const indic_shape_plan_t *) plan->data;
      if (indic_plan->uniscribe_bug_compatible)
      {
        /* For dotted-circle, this is what Uniscribe does:
         * If dotted-circle is the last glyph, it just does nothing.
         * Ie. It doesn't form Reph. */
        if (buffer->info[end - 1].indic_category() == I_Cat(DOTTEDCIRCLE))
          return;
      }
    
      initial_reordering_consonant_syllable (plan, face, buffer, start, end);
    }
    
    static void
    initial_reordering_syllable_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    				   hb_face_t *face,
    				   hb_buffer_t *buffer,
    				   unsigned int start, unsigned int end)
    {
      indic_syllable_type_t syllable_type = (indic_syllable_type_t) (buffer->info[start].syllable() & 0x0F);
      switch (syllable_type)
      {
        case indic_vowel_syllable: /* We made the vowels look like consonants.  So let's call the consonant logic! */
        case indic_consonant_syllable:
         initial_reordering_consonant_syllable (plan, face, buffer, start, end);
         break;
    
        case indic_broken_cluster: /* We already inserted dotted-circles, so just call the standalone_cluster. */
        case indic_standalone_cluster:
         initial_reordering_standalone_cluster (plan, face, buffer, start, end);
         break;
    
        case indic_symbol_cluster:
        case indic_non_indic_cluster:
          break;
      }
    }
    
    static bool
    initial_reordering_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    			  hb_font_t *font,
    			  hb_buffer_t *buffer)
    {
      bool ret = false;
      if (!buffer->message (font, "start reordering indic initial"))
        return ret;
    
      update_consonant_positions_indic (plan, font, buffer);
      if (hb_syllabic_insert_dotted_circles (font, buffer,
    					 indic_broken_cluster,
    					 I_Cat(DOTTEDCIRCLE),
    					 I_Cat(Repha),
    					 POS_END))
        ret = true;
    
      foreach_syllable (buffer, start, end)
        initial_reordering_syllable_indic (plan, font->face, buffer, start, end);
    
      (void) buffer->message (font, "end reordering indic initial");
    
      return ret;
    }
    
    static void
    final_reordering_syllable_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    				 hb_buffer_t *buffer,
    				 unsigned int start, unsigned int end)
    {
      const indic_shape_plan_t *indic_plan = (const indic_shape_plan_t *) plan->data;
      hb_glyph_info_t *info = buffer->info;
    
    
      /* This function relies heavily on halant glyphs.  Lots of ligation
       * and possibly multiple substitutions happened prior to this
       * phase, and that might have messed up our properties.  Recover
       * from a particular case of that where we're fairly sure that a
       * class of I_Cat(H) is desired but has been lost. */
      /* We don't call load_virama_glyph(), since we know it's already
       * loaded. */
      hb_codepoint_t virama_glyph = indic_plan->virama_glyph;
      if (virama_glyph)
      {
        for (unsigned int i = start; i < end; i++)
          if (info[i].codepoint == virama_glyph &&
    	  _hb_glyph_info_ligated (&info[i]) &&
    	  _hb_glyph_info_multiplied (&info[i]))
          {
    	/* This will make sure that this glyph passes is_halant() test. */
    	info[i].indic_category() = I_Cat(H);
    	_hb_glyph_info_clear_ligated_and_multiplied (&info[i]);
          }
      }
    
    
      /* 4. Final reordering:
       *
       * After the localized forms and basic shaping forms GSUB features have been
       * applied (see below), the shaping engine performs some final glyph
       * reordering before applying all the remaining font features to the entire
       * syllable.
       */
    
      bool try_pref = !!indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_PREF];
    
      /* Find base again */
      unsigned int base;
      for (base = start; base < end; base++)
        if (info[base].indic_position() >= POS_BASE_C)
        {
          if (try_pref && base + 1 < end)
          {
    	for (unsigned int i = base + 1; i < end; i++)
    	  if ((info[i].mask & indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_PREF]) != 0)
    	  {
    	    if (!(_hb_glyph_info_substituted (&info[i]) &&
    		  _hb_glyph_info_ligated_and_didnt_multiply (&info[i])))
    	    {
    	      /* Ok, this was a 'pref' candidate but didn't form any.
    	       * Base is around here... */
    	      base = i;
    	      while (base < end && is_halant (info[base]))
    		base++;
    	      if (base < end)
    		info[base].indic_position() = POS_BASE_C;
    
    	      try_pref = false;
    	    }
    	    break;
    	  }
    	if (base == end)
    	  break;
          }
          /* For Malayalam, skip over unformed below- (but NOT post-) forms. */
          if (buffer->props.script == HB_SCRIPT_MALAYALAM)
          {
    	for (unsigned int i = base + 1; i < end; i++)
    	{
    	  while (i < end && is_joiner (info[i]))
    	    i++;
    	  if (i == end || !is_halant (info[i]))
    	    break;
    	  i++; /* Skip halant. */
    	  while (i < end && is_joiner (info[i]))
    	    i++;
    	  if (i < end && is_consonant (info[i]) && info[i].indic_position() == POS_BELOW_C)
    	  {
    	    base = i;
    	    info[base].indic_position() = POS_BASE_C;
    	  }
    	}
          }
    
          if (start < base && info[base].indic_position() > POS_BASE_C)
    	base--;
          break;
        }
      if (base == end && start < base &&
          is_one_of (info[base - 1], FLAG (I_Cat(ZWJ))))
        base--;
      if (base < end)
        while (start < base &&
    	   is_one_of (info[base], (FLAG (I_Cat(N)) | FLAG (I_Cat(H)))))
          base--;
    
    
      /*   o Reorder matras:
       *
       *     If a pre-base matra character had been reordered before applying basic
       *     features, the glyph can be moved closer to the main consonant based on
       *     whether half-forms had been formed. Actual position for the matra is
       *     defined as “after last standalone halant glyph, after initial matra
       *     position and before the main consonant”. If ZWJ or ZWNJ follow this
       *     halant, position is moved after it.
       *
       * IMPLEMENTATION NOTES:
       *
       * It looks like the last sentence is wrong.  Testing, with Windows 7 Uniscribe
       * and Devanagari shows that the behavior is best described as:
       *
       * "If ZWJ follows this halant, matra is NOT repositioned after this halant.
       *  If ZWNJ follows this halant, position is moved after it."
       *
       * Test case, with Adobe Devanagari or Nirmala UI:
       *
       *   U+091F,U+094D,U+200C,U+092F,U+093F
       *   (Matra moves to the middle, after ZWNJ.)
       *
       *   U+091F,U+094D,U+200D,U+092F,U+093F
       *   (Matra does NOT move, stays to the left.)
       *
       * https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/1070
       */
    
      if (start + 1 < end && start < base) /* Otherwise there can't be any pre-base matra characters. */
      {
        /* If we lost track of base, alas, position before last thingy. */
        unsigned int new_pos = base == end ? base - 2 : base - 1;
    
        /* Malayalam / Tamil do not have "half" forms or explicit virama forms.
         * The glyphs formed by 'half' are Chillus or ligated explicit viramas.
         * We want to position matra after them.
         */
        if (buffer->props.script != HB_SCRIPT_MALAYALAM && buffer->props.script != HB_SCRIPT_TAMIL)
        {
        search:
          while (new_pos > start &&
    	     !(is_one_of (info[new_pos], (FLAG (I_Cat(M)) | FLAG (I_Cat(MPst)) | FLAG (I_Cat(H))))))
    	new_pos--;
    
          /* If we found no Halant we are done.
           * Otherwise only proceed if the Halant does
           * not belong to the Matra itself! */
          if (is_halant (info[new_pos]) &&
    	  info[new_pos].indic_position() != POS_PRE_M)
          {
    #if 0 // See comment above
    	/* -> If ZWJ or ZWNJ follow this halant, position is moved after it. */
    	if (new_pos + 1 < end && is_joiner (info[new_pos + 1]))
    	  new_pos++;
    #endif
    	if (new_pos + 1 < end)
    	{
    	  /* -> If ZWJ follows this halant, matra is NOT repositioned after this halant. */
    	  if (info[new_pos + 1].indic_category() == I_Cat(ZWJ))
    	  {
    	    /* Keep searching. */
    	    if (new_pos > start)
    	    {
    	      new_pos--;
    	      goto search;
    	    }
    	  }
    	  /* -> If ZWNJ follows this halant, position is moved after it.
    	   *
    	   * IMPLEMENTATION NOTES:
    	   *
    	   * This is taken care of by the state-machine. A Halant,ZWNJ is a terminating
    	   * sequence for a consonant syllable; any pre-base matras occurring after it
    	   * will belong to the subsequent syllable.
    	   */
    	}
          }
          else
    	new_pos = start; /* No move. */
        }
    
        if (start < new_pos && info[new_pos].indic_position () != POS_PRE_M)
        {
          /* Now go see if there's actually any matras... */
          for (unsigned int i = new_pos; i > start; i--)
    	if (info[i - 1].indic_position () == POS_PRE_M)
    	{
    	  unsigned int old_pos = i - 1;
    	  if (old_pos < base && base <= new_pos) /* Shouldn't actually happen. */
    	    base--;
    
    	  hb_glyph_info_t tmp = info[old_pos];
    	  memmove (&info[old_pos], &info[old_pos + 1], (new_pos - old_pos) * sizeof (info[0]));
    	  info[new_pos] = tmp;
    
    	  /* Note: this merge_clusters() is intentionally *after* the reordering.
    	   * Indic matra reordering is special and tricky... */
    	  buffer->merge_clusters (new_pos, hb_min (end, base + 1));
    
    	  new_pos--;
    	}
        } else {
          for (unsigned int i = start; i < base; i++)
    	if (info[i].indic_position () == POS_PRE_M) {
    	  buffer->merge_clusters (i, hb_min (end, base + 1));
    	  break;
    	}
        }
      }
    
    
      /*   o Reorder reph:
       *
       *     Reph’s original position is always at the beginning of the syllable,
       *     (i.e. it is not reordered at the character reordering stage). However,
       *     it will be reordered according to the basic-forms shaping results.
       *     Possible positions for reph, depending on the script, are; after main,
       *     before post-base consonant forms, and after post-base consonant forms.
       */
    
      /* Two cases:
       *
       * - If repha is encoded as a sequence of characters (Ra,H or Ra,H,ZWJ), then
       *   we should only move it if the sequence ligated to the repha form.
       *
       * - If repha is encoded separately and in the logical position, we should only
       *   move it if it did NOT ligate.  If it ligated, it's probably the font trying
       *   to make it work without the reordering.
       */
      if (start + 1 < end &&
          info[start].indic_position() == POS_RA_TO_BECOME_REPH &&
          ((info[start].indic_category() == I_Cat(Repha)) ^
           _hb_glyph_info_ligated_and_didnt_multiply (&info[start])))
      {
        unsigned int new_reph_pos;
        reph_position_t reph_pos = indic_plan->config->reph_pos;
    
        /*       1. If reph should be positioned after post-base consonant forms,
         *          proceed to step 5.
         */
        if (reph_pos == REPH_POS_AFTER_POST)
        {
          goto reph_step_5;
        }
    
        /*       2. If the reph repositioning class is not after post-base: target
         *          position is after the first explicit halant glyph between the
         *          first post-reph consonant and last main consonant. If ZWJ or ZWNJ
         *          are following this halant, position is moved after it. If such
         *          position is found, this is the target position. Otherwise,
         *          proceed to the next step.
         *
         *          Note: in old-implementation fonts, where classifications were
         *          fixed in shaping engine, there was no case where reph position
         *          will be found on this step.
         */
        {
          new_reph_pos = start + 1;
          while (new_reph_pos < base && !is_halant (info[new_reph_pos]))
    	new_reph_pos++;
    
          if (new_reph_pos < base && is_halant (info[new_reph_pos]))
          {
    	/* ->If ZWJ or ZWNJ are following this halant, position is moved after it. */
    	if (new_reph_pos + 1 < base && is_joiner (info[new_reph_pos + 1]))
    	  new_reph_pos++;
    	goto reph_move;
          }
        }
    
        /*       3. If reph should be repositioned after the main consonant: find the
         *          first consonant not ligated with main, or find the first
         *          consonant that is not a potential pre-base-reordering Ra.
         */
        if (reph_pos == REPH_POS_AFTER_MAIN)
        {
          new_reph_pos = base;
          while (new_reph_pos + 1 < end && info[new_reph_pos + 1].indic_position() <= POS_AFTER_MAIN)
    	new_reph_pos++;
          if (new_reph_pos < end)
    	goto reph_move;
        }
    
        /*       4. If reph should be positioned before post-base consonant, find
         *          first post-base classified consonant not ligated with main. If no
         *          consonant is found, the target position should be before the
         *          first matra, syllable modifier sign or vedic sign.
         */
        /* This is our take on what step 4 is trying to say (and failing, BADLY). */
        if (reph_pos == REPH_POS_AFTER_SUB)
        {
          new_reph_pos = base;
          while (new_reph_pos + 1 < end &&
    	     !( FLAG_UNSAFE (info[new_reph_pos + 1].indic_position()) & (FLAG (POS_POST_C) | FLAG (POS_AFTER_POST) | FLAG (POS_SMVD))))
    	new_reph_pos++;
          if (new_reph_pos < end)
    	goto reph_move;
        }
    
        /*       5. If no consonant is found in steps 3 or 4, move reph to a position
         *          immediately before the first post-base matra, syllable modifier
         *          sign or vedic sign that has a reordering class after the intended
         *          reph position. For example, if the reordering position for reph
         *          is post-main, it will skip above-base matras that also have a
         *          post-main position.
         */
        reph_step_5:
        {
          /* Copied from step 2. */
          new_reph_pos = start + 1;
          while (new_reph_pos < base && !is_halant (info[new_reph_pos]))
    	new_reph_pos++;
    
          if (new_reph_pos < base && is_halant (info[new_reph_pos]))
          {
    	/* ->If ZWJ or ZWNJ are following this halant, position is moved after it. */
    	if (new_reph_pos + 1 < base && is_joiner (info[new_reph_pos + 1]))
    	  new_reph_pos++;
    	goto reph_move;
          }
        }
        /* See https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/2298#issuecomment-615318654 */
    
        /*       6. Otherwise, reorder reph to the end of the syllable.
         */
        {
          new_reph_pos = end - 1;
          while (new_reph_pos > start && info[new_reph_pos].indic_position() == POS_SMVD)
    	new_reph_pos--;
    
          /*
           * If the Reph is to be ending up after a Matra,Halant sequence,
           * position it before that Halant so it can interact with the Matra.
           * However, if it's a plain Consonant,Halant we shouldn't do that.
           * Uniscribe doesn't do this.
           * TEST: U+0930,U+094D,U+0915,U+094B,U+094D
           */
          if (!indic_plan->uniscribe_bug_compatible &&
    	  unlikely (is_halant (info[new_reph_pos])))
          {
    	for (unsigned int i = base + 1; i < new_reph_pos; i++)
    	  if (FLAG_UNSAFE (info[i].indic_category()) & (FLAG (I_Cat(M)) | FLAG (I_Cat(MPst))))
    	  {
    	    /* Ok, got it. */
    	    new_reph_pos--;
    	  }
          }
    
          goto reph_move;
        }
    
        reph_move:
        {
          /* Move */
          buffer->merge_clusters (start, new_reph_pos + 1);
          hb_glyph_info_t reph = info[start];
          memmove (&info[start], &info[start + 1], (new_reph_pos - start) * sizeof (info[0]));
          info[new_reph_pos] = reph;
    
          if (start < base && base <= new_reph_pos)
    	base--;
        }
      }
    
    
      /*   o Reorder pre-base-reordering consonants:
       *
       *     If a pre-base-reordering consonant is found, reorder it according to
       *     the following rules:
       */
    
      if (try_pref && base + 1 < end) /* Otherwise there can't be any pre-base-reordering Ra. */
      {
        for (unsigned int i = base + 1; i < end; i++)
          if ((info[i].mask & indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_PREF]) != 0)
          {
    	/*       1. Only reorder a glyph produced by substitution during application
    	 *          of the <pref> feature. (Note that a font may shape a Ra consonant with
    	 *          the feature generally but block it in certain contexts.)
    	 */
    	/* Note: We just check that something got substituted.  We don't check that
    	 * the <pref> feature actually did it...
    	 *
    	 * Reorder pref only if it ligated. */
    	if (_hb_glyph_info_ligated_and_didnt_multiply (&info[i]))
    	{
    	  /*
    	   *       2. Try to find a target position the same way as for pre-base matra.
    	   *          If it is found, reorder pre-base consonant glyph.
    	   *
    	   *       3. If position is not found, reorder immediately before main
    	   *          consonant.
    	   */
    
    	  unsigned int new_pos = base;
    	  /* Malayalam / Tamil do not have "half" forms or explicit virama forms.
    	   * The glyphs formed by 'half' are Chillus or ligated explicit viramas.
    	   * We want to position matra after them.
    	   */
    	  if (buffer->props.script != HB_SCRIPT_MALAYALAM && buffer->props.script != HB_SCRIPT_TAMIL)
    	  {
    	    while (new_pos > start &&
    		   !(is_one_of (info[new_pos - 1], FLAG (I_Cat(M)) | FLAG (I_Cat(MPst)) | FLAG (I_Cat(H)))))
    	      new_pos--;
    	  }
    
    	  if (new_pos > start && is_halant (info[new_pos - 1]))
    	  {
    	    /* -> If ZWJ or ZWNJ follow this halant, position is moved after it. */
    	    if (new_pos < end && is_joiner (info[new_pos]))
    	      new_pos++;
    	  }
    
    	  {
    	    unsigned int old_pos = i;
    
    	    buffer->merge_clusters (new_pos, old_pos + 1);
    	    hb_glyph_info_t tmp = info[old_pos];
    	    memmove (&info[new_pos + 1], &info[new_pos], (old_pos - new_pos) * sizeof (info[0]));
    	    info[new_pos] = tmp;
    
    	    if (new_pos <= base && base < old_pos)
    	      base++;
    	  }
    	}
    
    	break;
          }
      }
    
    
      /* Apply 'init' to the Left Matra if it's a word start. */
      if (info[start].indic_position () == POS_PRE_M)
      {
        if (!start ||
    	!(FLAG_UNSAFE (_hb_glyph_info_get_general_category (&info[start - 1])) &
    	 FLAG_RANGE (HB_UNICODE_GENERAL_CATEGORY_FORMAT, HB_UNICODE_GENERAL_CATEGORY_NON_SPACING_MARK)))
          info[start].mask |= indic_plan->mask_array[INDIC_INIT];
        else
          buffer->unsafe_to_break (start - 1, start + 1);
      }
    
    
      /*
       * Finish off the clusters and go home!
       */
      if (indic_plan->uniscribe_bug_compatible)
      {
        switch ((hb_tag_t) plan->props.script)
        {
          case HB_SCRIPT_TAMIL:
    	break;
    
          default:
    	/* Uniscribe merges the entire syllable into a single cluster... Except for Tamil.
    	 * This means, half forms are submerged into the main consonant's cluster.
    	 * This is unnecessary, and makes cursor positioning harder, but that's what
    	 * Uniscribe does. */
    	buffer->merge_clusters (start, end);
    	break;
        }
      }
    }
    
    
    static bool
    final_reordering_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    			hb_font_t *font HB_UNUSED,
    			hb_buffer_t *buffer)
    {
      unsigned int count = buffer->len;
      if (unlikely (!count)) return false;
    
      if (buffer->message (font, "start reordering indic final")) {
        foreach_syllable (buffer, start, end)
          final_reordering_syllable_indic (plan, buffer, start, end);
        (void) buffer->message (font, "end reordering indic final");
      }
    
      HB_BUFFER_DEALLOCATE_VAR (buffer, indic_category);
      HB_BUFFER_DEALLOCATE_VAR (buffer, indic_position);
    
      return false;
    }
    
    
    static void
    preprocess_text_indic (const hb_ot_shape_plan_t *plan,
    		       hb_buffer_t              *buffer,
    		       hb_font_t                *font)
    {
      const indic_shape_plan_t *indic_plan = (const indic_shape_plan_t *) plan->data;
      if (!indic_plan->uniscribe_bug_compatible)
        _hb_preprocess_text_vowel_constraints (plan, buffer, font);
    }
    
    static bool
    decompose_indic (const hb_ot_shape_normalize_context_t *c,
    		 hb_codepoint_t  ab,
    		 hb_codepoint_t *a,
    		 hb_codepoint_t *b)
    {
      switch (ab)
      {
        /* Don't decompose these. */
        case 0x0931u  : return false; /* DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA */
        // https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/779
        case 0x09DCu  : return false; /* BENGALI LETTER RRA */
        case 0x09DDu  : return false; /* BENGALI LETTER RHA */
        case 0x0B94u  : return false; /* TAMIL LETTER AU */
    
    
        /*
         * Decompose split matras that don't have Unicode decompositions.
         */
    
    #if 0
        /* Gujarati */
        /* This one has no decomposition in Unicode, but needs no decomposition either. */
        /* case 0x0AC9u  : return false; */
    
        /* Oriya */
        case 0x0B57u  : *a = no decomp, -> RIGHT; return true;
    #endif
      }
    
      return (bool) c->unicode->decompose (ab, a, b);
    }
    
    static bool
    compose_indic (const hb_ot_shape_normalize_context_t *c,
    	       hb_codepoint_t  a,
    	       hb_codepoint_t  b,
    	       hb_codepoint_t *ab)
    {
      /* Avoid recomposing split matras. */
      if (HB_UNICODE_GENERAL_CATEGORY_IS_MARK (c->unicode->general_category (a)))
        return false;
    
      /* Composition-exclusion exceptions that we want to recompose. */
      if (a == 0x09AFu && b == 0x09BCu) { *ab = 0x09DFu; return true; }
    
      return (bool) c->unicode->compose (a, b, ab);
    }
    
    
    const hb_ot_shaper_t _hb_ot_shaper_indic =
    {
      collect_features_indic,
      override_features_indic,
      data_create_indic,
      data_destroy_indic,
      preprocess_text_indic,
      nullptr, /* postprocess_glyphs */
      decompose_indic,
      compose_indic,
      setup_masks_indic,
      nullptr, /* reorder_marks */
      HB_TAG_NONE, /* gpos_tag */
      HB_OT_SHAPE_NORMALIZATION_MODE_COMPOSED_DIACRITICS_NO_SHORT_CIRCUIT,
      HB_OT_SHAPE_ZERO_WIDTH_MARKS_NONE,
      false, /* fallback_position */
    };
    
    
    #endif