kc3-lang/kc3/libkc3/tag.c

Tag - branch -masterv0.1configurefnfractionsfractions-rebaselinuxratio-rebase- tag -v0.1.9v0.1.8v0.1.7v0.1.6v0.1.5v0.1.4v0.1.3v0.1.2v0.1.1v0.1.0v0.1.13v0.1.12v0.1.11v0.1.10v0HTTPd-v0.1.1HTTPd-v0.1.0

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• Hash : dec91403
  Author : Thomas de Grivel
  Date : 2024-08-31T09:35:11
  

  explicit_bzero

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• libkc3/tag.c

• /* kc3
   * Copyright 2022,2023,2024 kmx.io <contact@kmx.io>
   *
   * Permission is hereby granted to use this software granted the above
   * copyright notice and this permission paragraph are included in all
   * copies and substantial portions of this software.
   *
   * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS-IS" WITHOUT ANY GUARANTEE OF
   * PURPOSE AND PERFORMANCE. IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL THE
   * AUTHOR BE CONSIDERED LIABLE FOR THE USE AND PERFORMANCE OF
   * THIS SOFTWARE.
   */
  #include <string.h>
  #include "alloc.h"
  #include "array.h"
  #include "assert.h"
  #include "block.h"
  #include "buf.h"
  #include "buf_inspect.h"
  #include "buf_parse.h"
  #include "call.h"
  #include "cfn.h"
  #include "compare.h"
  #include "cow.h"
  #include "env.h"
  #include "fn.h"
  #include "frame.h"
  #include "hash.h"
  #include "ident.h"
  #include "integer.h"
  #include "list.h"
  #include "map.h"
  #include "pcomplex.h"
  #include "pcow.h"
  #include "ptr.h"
  #include "ptr_free.h"
  #include "quote.h"
  #include "ratio.h"
  #include "str.h"
  #include "struct.h"
  #include "struct_type.h"
  #include "sym.h"
  #include "tag.h"
  #include "tag_type.h"
  #include "time.h"
  #include "tuple.h"
  #include "unquote.h"
  #include "var.h"
  
  s_tag g_tag_first;
  s_tag g_tag_last;
  
  s_tag * tag_1 (s_tag *tag, const char *p)
  {
    tag_clean(tag);
    return tag_init_1(tag, p);
  }
  
  bool * tag_and (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, bool *dest)
  {
    s_tag f;
    assert(a);
    assert(b);
    assert(dest);
    tag_init_bool(&f, false);
    *dest = compare_tag(a, &f) != 0 && compare_tag(b, &f) != 0 ? 1 : 0;
    return dest;
  }
  
  s8 tag_arity (const s_tag *tag)
  {
    switch (tag->type) {
    case TAG_CFN: return cfn_arity(&tag->data.cfn);
    case TAG_FN:  return fn_arity(&tag->data.fn);
    default:
      break;
    }
    return -1;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_cast_integer_to_s8 (s_tag *tag)
  {
    s8 i;
    assert(tag);
    assert(tag->type == TAG_INTEGER);
    i = integer_to_s8(&tag->data.integer);
    return tag_s8(tag, i);
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_cast_integer_to_s16 (s_tag *tag)
  {
    s16 i;
    assert(tag);
    assert(tag->type == TAG_INTEGER);
    i = integer_to_s16(&tag->data.integer);
    return tag_s16(tag, i);
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_cast_integer_to_s32 (s_tag *tag)
  {
    s32 i;
    assert(tag);
    assert(tag->type == TAG_INTEGER);
    i = integer_to_s32(&tag->data.integer);
    return tag_s32(tag, i);
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_cast_integer_to_s64 (s_tag *tag)
  {
    s64 i;
    assert(tag);
    assert(tag->type == TAG_INTEGER);
    i = integer_to_s64(&tag->data.integer);
    return tag_s64(tag, i);
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_cast_integer_to_u8 (s_tag *tag)
  {
    u8 i;
    assert(tag);
    assert(tag->type == TAG_INTEGER);
    i = integer_to_u8(&tag->data.integer);
    return tag_u8(tag, i);
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_cast_integer_to_u16 (s_tag *tag)
  {
    u16 i;
    assert(tag);
    assert(tag->type == TAG_INTEGER);
    i = integer_to_u16(&tag->data.integer);
    return tag_u16(tag, i);
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_cast_integer_to_u32 (s_tag *tag)
  {
    u32 i;
    assert(tag);
    assert(tag->type == TAG_INTEGER);
    i = integer_to_u32(&tag->data.integer);
    return tag_u32(tag, i);
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_cast_integer_to_u64 (s_tag *tag)
  {
    u64 i;
    assert(tag);
    assert(tag->type == TAG_INTEGER);
    i = integer_to_u64(&tag->data.integer);
    return tag_u64(tag, i);
  }
  
  void tag_clean (s_tag *tag)
  {
    assert(tag);
    switch (tag->type) {
    case TAG_ARRAY:       array_clean(&tag->data.array);      break;
    case TAG_BLOCK:       block_clean(&tag->data.block);      break;
    case TAG_CALL:        call_clean(&tag->data.call);        break;
    case TAG_CFN:         cfn_clean(&tag->data.cfn);          break;
    case TAG_COMPLEX:     pcomplex_clean(&tag->data.complex); break;
    case TAG_COW:         pcow_clean(&tag->data.cow);         break;
    case TAG_FN:          fn_clean(&tag->data.fn);            break;
    case TAG_INTEGER:     integer_clean(&tag->data.integer);  break;
    case TAG_LIST:        list_delete_all(tag->data.list);    break;
    case TAG_MAP:         map_clean(&tag->data.map);          break;
    case TAG_PTR_FREE:    ptr_free_clean(&tag->data.ptr);     break;
    case TAG_QUOTE:       quote_clean(&tag->data.quote);      break;
    case TAG_RATIO:       ratio_clean(&tag->data.ratio);      break;
    case TAG_STR:         str_clean(&tag->data.str);          break;
    case TAG_STRUCT:      struct_clean(&tag->data.struct_);   break;
    case TAG_STRUCT_TYPE: struct_type_clean(&tag->data.struct_type);
                                                              break;
    case TAG_TIME:        time_clean(&tag->data.time);        break;
    case TAG_TUPLE:       tuple_clean(&tag->data.tuple);      break;
    case TAG_UNQUOTE:     unquote_clean(&tag->data.unquote);  break;
    case TAG_BOOL:
    case TAG_CHARACTER:
    case TAG_F32:
    case TAG_F64:
    case TAG_F128:
    case TAG_FACT:
    case TAG_IDENT:
    case TAG_PTAG:
    case TAG_PTR:
    case TAG_S8:
    case TAG_S16:
    case TAG_S32:
    case TAG_S64:
    case TAG_SW:
    case TAG_SYM:
    case TAG_U8:
    case TAG_U16:
    case TAG_U32:
    case TAG_U64:
    case TAG_UW:
    case TAG_VAR:
    case TAG_VOID:
      break;
    }
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_brackets (const s_tag *tag, const s_tag *address,
                        s_tag *dest)
  {
    assert(tag);
    assert(address);
    assert(dest);
    switch (tag->type) {
    case TAG_ARRAY:
      switch (address->type) {
      case TAG_ARRAY:
        return array_data_tag(&tag->data.array, &address->data.array,
                              dest);
      default:
        break;
      }
    default:
      break;
    }
    err_puts("tag_brackets: invalid arguments");
    assert(! "tag_brackets: invalid arguments");
    return NULL;
  }
  
  void tag_delete (s_tag *tag)
  {
    tag_clean(tag);
    free(tag);
  }
  
  bool * tag_eq (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, bool *dest)
  {
    assert(a);
    assert(b);
    assert(dest);
    *dest = compare_tag(a, b) == 0 ? 1 : 0;
    return dest;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_equal (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, s_tag *dest)
  {
    assert(a);
    assert(b);
    assert(dest);
    if (! env_eval_equal_tag (&g_kc3_env, false, a, b, dest))
      return NULL;
    return dest;
  }
  
  bool * tag_gt (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, bool *dest)
  {
    assert(a);
    assert(b);
    assert(dest);
    *dest = compare_tag(a, b) > 0 ? 1 : 0;
    return dest;
  }
  
  bool * tag_gte (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, bool *dest)
  {
    assert(a);
    assert(b);
    assert(dest);
    *dest = compare_tag(a, b) >= 0 ? 1 : 0;
    return dest;
  }
  
  u64 * tag_hash_u64 (const s_tag *tag, u64 *dest)
  {
    t_hash hash;
    assert(tag);
    hash_init(&hash);
    if (! hash_update_tag(&hash, tag))
      return NULL;
    *dest = hash_to_u64(&hash);
    return dest;
  }
  
  uw * tag_hash_uw (const s_tag *tag, uw *dest)
  {
    t_hash hash;
    assert(tag);
    hash_init(&hash);
    if (! hash_update_tag(&hash, tag)) {
      err_write_1("tag_hash_uw: hash_update_tag: ");
      err_inspect_tag(tag);
      err_write_1("\n");
      assert(! "tag_hash_uw: hash_update_tag");
      return NULL;
    }
    *dest = hash_to_uw(&hash);
    return dest;
  }
  
  bool tag_ident_is_bound (const s_tag *tag)
  {
    return env_tag_ident_is_bound(&g_kc3_env, tag);
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_init (s_tag *tag)
  {
    *tag = (s_tag) {0};
    return tag;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_init_1 (s_tag *tag, const char *p)
  {
    s_buf buf;
    uw len;
    sw r;
    assert(tag);
    tag_init_void(tag);
    if (! p)
      return tag;
    len = strlen(p);
    buf_init(&buf, false, len, (char *) p); // buf is read-only
    buf.wpos = len;
    r = buf_parse_tag(&buf, tag);
    if (r < 0 || (uw) r != len) {
      err_write_1("invalid tag: \"");
      err_write_1(p);
      err_write_1("\", ");
      err_inspect_uw(&len);
      err_write_1(" != ");
      err_inspect_sw(&r);
      assert(! "invalid tag");
      return NULL;
    }
    return tag;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_init_call_cast (s_tag *tag, const s_sym *type)
  {
    s_tag tmp = {0};
    tmp.type = TAG_CALL;
    if (! call_init_call_cast(&tmp.data.call, type))
      return NULL;
    *tag = tmp;
    return tag;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_init_cast (s_tag *tag, const s_sym * const *type,
                         s_tag *src)
  {
    assert(tag);
    assert(type);
    assert(*type);
    assert(src);
    switch (src->type) {
    case TAG_PTR:
      if (*type != &g_sym_Tag)
        break;
      return tag_init_copy(tag, src->data.ptr.p);
    default:
      break;
    }
    err_puts("tag_init_cast: invalid cast");
    assert(! "tag_init_cast: invalid cast");
    return NULL;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_init_cast_struct (s_tag *tag, const s_sym * const *type,
                                s_tag *src)
  {
    assert(tag);
    assert(type);
    assert(*type);
    assert(src);
    switch (src->type) {
    case TAG_PTR:
      if (! src->data.ptr.p)
        return tag_init_void(tag);
      return tag_init_struct_with_data(tag, *type, src->data.ptr.p,
                                       false);
    case TAG_PTR_FREE:
      if (! src->data.ptr_free.p)
        return tag_init_void(tag);
      return tag_init_struct_with_data(tag, *type, src->data.ptr_free.p,
                                       false);
    case TAG_STRUCT:
      if (*type == src->data.struct_.type->module)
        return tag_init_struct_copy(tag, &src->data.struct_);
    default:
      break;
    }
    err_puts("tag_init_cast_struct: invalid cast");
    assert(! "tag_init_cast_struct: invalid cast");
    return NULL;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_init_copy (s_tag *tag, const s_tag *src)
  {
    assert(tag);
    assert(src);
    switch (src->type) {
    case TAG_ARRAY:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! array_init_copy(&tag->data.array, &src->data.array))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_BOOL:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.bool = src->data.bool;
      return tag;
    case TAG_BLOCK:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! block_init_copy(&tag->data.block, &src->data.block))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_CALL:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! call_init_copy(&tag->data.call, &src->data.call))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_CFN:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! cfn_init_copy(&tag->data.cfn, &src->data.cfn))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_CHARACTER:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.character = src->data.character;
      return tag;
    case TAG_COMPLEX:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! pcomplex_init_copy(&tag->data.complex,
                               (const s_complex * const *)
                               &src->data.complex))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_COW:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! pcow_init_copy(&tag->data.cow,
                           (const s_cow * const *) &src->data.cow))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_F32:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.f32 = src->data.f32;
      return tag;
    case TAG_F64:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.f64 = src->data.f64;
      return tag;
    case TAG_F128:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.f128 = src->data.f128;
      return tag;
    case TAG_FACT:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.fact = src->data.fact;
      return tag;
    case TAG_FN:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! fn_init_copy(&tag->data.fn, &src->data.fn))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_IDENT:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.ident = src->data.ident;
      return tag;
    case TAG_INTEGER:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! integer_init_copy(&tag->data.integer, &src->data.integer))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_LIST:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! list_init_copy(&tag->data.list,
                           (const s_list * const *)
                           &src->data.list))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_MAP:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! map_init_copy(&tag->data.map, &src->data.map))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_PTAG:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.ptag = src->data.ptag;
      return tag;
    case TAG_PTR:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.ptr = src->data.ptr;
      return tag;
    case TAG_PTR_FREE:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.ptr_free = src->data.ptr_free;
      return tag;
    case TAG_QUOTE:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! quote_init_copy(&tag->data.quote, &src->data.quote))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_RATIO:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! ratio_init_copy(&tag->data.ratio, &src->data.ratio))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_S8:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.s8 = src->data.s8;
      return tag;
    case TAG_S16:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.s16 = src->data.s16;
      return tag;
    case TAG_S32:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.s32 = src->data.s32;
      return tag;
    case TAG_S64:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.s64 = src->data.s64;
      return tag;
    case TAG_STR:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! str_init_copy(&tag->data.str, &src->data.str))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_STRUCT:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! struct_init_copy(&tag->data.struct_, &src->data.struct_))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_STRUCT_TYPE:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! struct_type_init_copy(&tag->data.struct_type,
                                  &src->data.struct_type))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_SW:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.sw = src->data.sw;
      return tag;
    case TAG_SYM:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.sym = src->data.sym;
      return tag;
    case TAG_TIME:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! time_init_copy(&tag->data.time, &src->data.time))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_TUPLE:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! tuple_init_copy(&tag->data.tuple, &src->data.tuple))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_UNQUOTE:
      tag->type = src->type;
      if (! unquote_init_copy(&tag->data.unquote, &src->data.unquote))
        return NULL;
      return tag;
    case TAG_U8:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.u8 = src->data.u8;
      return tag;
    case TAG_U16:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.u16 = src->data.u16;
      return tag;
    case TAG_U32:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.u32 = src->data.u32;
      return tag;
    case TAG_U64:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.u64 = src->data.u64;
      return tag;
    case TAG_UW:
      tag->type = src->type;
      tag->data.uw = src->data.uw;
      return tag;
    case TAG_VAR:
      tag->type = src->type;
      var_init_copy(&tag->data.var, &src->data.var);
      return tag;
    case TAG_VOID:
      return tag_init_void(tag);
    }
    err_puts("tag_init_copy: invalid tag type");
    assert(! "tag_init_copy: invalid tag type");
    return NULL;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_init_var (s_tag *tag, const s_sym *type)
  {
    s_tag tmp = {0};
    assert(tag);
    tmp.type = TAG_VAR;
    var_init(&tmp.data.var, tag, type);
    *tag = tmp;
    return tag;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_init_void (s_tag *tag)
  {
    assert(tag);
    explicit_bzero(tag, sizeof(s_tag));
    return tag;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_integer_reduce (s_tag *tag)
  {
    s_integer *i;
    s_integer j;
    static s_integer s8_min = {0};
    static s_integer s16_min = {0};
    static s_integer s32_min = {0};
    static s_integer s64_min = {0};
    static s_integer u8_max = {0};
    static s_integer u16_max = {0};
    static s_integer u32_max = {0};
    static s_integer u64_max = {0};
    static s_integer zero = {0};
    assert(tag);
    if (s8_min.mp_int.sign != MP_NEG) {
      integer_init_s8(&s8_min, S8_MIN);
      integer_init_s16(&s16_min, S16_MIN);
      integer_init_s32(&s32_min, S32_MIN);
      integer_init_s64(&s64_min, S64_MIN);
      integer_init_u8(&u8_max, U8_MAX);
      integer_init_u16(&u16_max, U16_MAX);
      integer_init_u32(&u32_max, U32_MAX);
      integer_init_u64(&u64_max, U64_MAX);
      integer_init_u8(&zero, 0);
    }
    switch (tag->type) {
    case TAG_INTEGER:
      i = &tag->data.integer;
      if (compare_integer(i, &u64_max) > 0)
        return tag;
      if (compare_integer(i, &u32_max) > 0) {
        j = tag->data.integer;
        tag_init_u64(tag, integer_to_u64(&j));
        integer_clean(&j);
        return tag;
      }
      if (compare_integer(i, &u16_max) > 0) {
        j = tag->data.integer;
        tag_init_u32(tag, integer_to_u32(&j));
        integer_clean(&j);
        return tag;
      }
      if (compare_integer(i, &u8_max) > 0) {
        j = tag->data.integer;
        tag_init_u16(tag, integer_to_u16(&j));
        integer_clean(&j);
        return tag;
      }
      if (compare_integer(i, &zero) >= 0) {
        j = tag->data.integer;
        tag_init_u8(tag, integer_to_u8(&j));
        integer_clean(&j);
        return tag;
      }
      if (compare_integer(i, &s8_min) >= 0) {
        j = tag->data.integer;
        tag_init_s8(tag, integer_to_s8(&j));
        integer_clean(&j);
        return tag;
      }
      if (compare_integer(i, &s16_min) >= 0) {
        j = tag->data.integer;
        tag_init_s16(tag, integer_to_s16(&j));
        integer_clean(&j);
        return tag;
      }
      if (compare_integer(i, &s32_min) >= 0) {
        j = tag->data.integer;
        tag_init_s32(tag, integer_to_s32(&j));
        integer_clean(&j);
        return tag;
      }
      if (compare_integer(i, &s64_min) >= 0) {
        j = tag->data.integer;
        tag_init_s64(tag, integer_to_s64(&j));
        integer_clean(&j);
        return tag;
      }
      return tag;
    case TAG_S8:
      integer_init_s8(&j, tag->data.s8);
      integer_reduce(&j, tag);
      integer_clean(&j);
      return tag;
    case TAG_S16:
      integer_init_s16(&j, tag->data.s16);
      integer_reduce(&j, tag);
      integer_clean(&j);
      return tag;
    case TAG_S32:
      integer_init_s32(&j, tag->data.s32);
      integer_reduce(&j, tag);
      integer_clean(&j);
      return tag;
    case TAG_S64:
      integer_init_s64(&j, tag->data.s64);
      integer_reduce(&j, tag);
      integer_clean(&j);
      return tag;
    case TAG_U8:
      integer_init_u8(&j, tag->data.u8);
      integer_reduce(&j, tag);
      integer_clean(&j);
      return tag;
    case TAG_U16:
      integer_init_u16(&j, tag->data.u16);
      integer_reduce(&j, tag);
      integer_clean(&j);
      return tag;
    case TAG_U32:
      integer_init_u32(&j, tag->data.u32);
      integer_reduce(&j, tag);
      integer_clean(&j);
      return tag;
    case TAG_U64:
      integer_init_u64(&j, tag->data.u64);
      integer_reduce(&j, tag);
      integer_clean(&j);
      return tag;
    default:
      break;
    }
    return tag;
  }
  
  bool tag_is_alist (const s_tag *tag)
  {
    assert(tag);
    if (! tag)
      return false;
    if (tag->type != TAG_LIST)
      return false;
    return list_is_alist((const s_list * const *) &tag->data.list);
  }
  
  bool tag_is_bound_var (const s_tag *tag)
  {
    assert(tag);
    return (tag &&
            tag->type != TAG_VAR);
  }
  
  bool tag_is_cast (const s_tag *tag, const s_sym *type)
  {
    assert(tag);
    return (tag &&
            type &&
            tag->type == TAG_CALL &&
            tag->data.call.ident.module == type &&
            tag->data.call.ident.sym == &g_sym_cast);
  }
  
  bool tag_is_number (const s_tag *tag)
  {
    assert(tag);
    tag = tag_resolve_cow(tag);
    switch (tag->type) {
    case TAG_VOID:
    case TAG_ARRAY:
    case TAG_BLOCK:
    case TAG_BOOL:
    case TAG_CALL:
    case TAG_CFN:
    case TAG_CHARACTER:
    case TAG_FACT:
    case TAG_FN:
    case TAG_LIST:
    case TAG_MAP:
    case TAG_PTAG:
    case TAG_PTR:
    case TAG_PTR_FREE:
    case TAG_QUOTE:
    case TAG_STR:
    case TAG_STRUCT:
    case TAG_STRUCT_TYPE:
    case TAG_SYM:
    case TAG_TIME:
    case TAG_TUPLE:
    case TAG_UNQUOTE:
    case TAG_VAR:
    case TAG_IDENT:
      return false;
    case TAG_COMPLEX:
    case TAG_F32:
    case TAG_F64:
    case TAG_F128:
    case TAG_INTEGER:
    case TAG_RATIO:
    case TAG_SW:
    case TAG_S64:
    case TAG_S32:
    case TAG_S16:
    case TAG_S8:
    case TAG_U8:
    case TAG_U16:
    case TAG_U32:
    case TAG_U64:
    case TAG_UW:
      return true;
    case TAG_COW:
      break;
    }
    err_puts("tag_is_number: invalid tag type");
    assert(! "tag_is_number: invalid tag type");
    abort();
    return false;
  }
  
  bool tag_is_struct (const s_tag *tag, const s_sym *module)
  {
    return tag &&
      tag->type == TAG_STRUCT &&
      tag->data.struct_.type->module == module;
  }
  
  bool * tag_is_unbound_var (const s_tag *tag, bool *dest)
  {
    assert(tag);
    if (! tag) {
      err_puts("tag_is_unbound_var: NULL tag");
      assert(! "tag_is_unbound_var: NULL tag");
      return NULL;
    }
    *dest = tag->type == TAG_VAR;
    return dest;
  }
  
  bool tag_is_zero(const s_tag *tag)
  {
    assert(tag);
    switch (tag->type) {
      case TAG_INTEGER:
        return integer_is_zero(&tag->data.integer);
      case TAG_F32:
        return tag->data.f32 == 0.0f;
      case TAG_F64:
        return tag->data.f64 == 0.0;
      case TAG_S8:
        return tag->data.s8 == 0;
      case TAG_S16:
        return tag->data.s16 == 0;
      case TAG_S32:
        return tag->data.s32 == 0;
      case TAG_S64:
        return tag->data.s64 == 0;
      case TAG_U8:
        return tag->data.u8 == 0;
      case TAG_U16:
        return tag->data.u16 == 0;
      case TAG_U32:
        return tag->data.u32 == 0;
      case TAG_U64:
        return tag->data.u64 == 0;
      case TAG_UW:
        return tag->data.uw == 0;
      default:
        return false;
    }
  }
  
  /*
  s_tag * tag_list (s_tag *tag, s_list *x)
  {
    assert(tag);
    tag_clean(tag);
    return tag_init_list(tag, x);
  }
  */
  
  s_tag * tag_list_1 (s_tag *tag, const char *p)
  {
    s_tag tmp = {0};
    assert(tag);
    tag_clean(tag);
    tmp.type = TAG_LIST;
    tmp.data.list = list_new_1(p);
    *tag = tmp;
    return tag;
  }
  
  bool * tag_lt (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, bool *dest)
  {
    assert(a);
    assert(b);
    assert(dest);
    *dest = compare_tag(a, b) < 0 ? 1 : 0;
    return dest;
  }
  
  bool * tag_lte (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, bool *dest)
  {
    assert(a);
    assert(b);
    assert(dest);
    *dest = compare_tag(a, b) <= 0 ? 1 : 0;
    return dest;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_new (void)
  {
    s_tag *dest;
    dest = alloc(sizeof(s_tag));
    if (! dest)
      return NULL;
    return dest;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_new_1 (const char *p)
  {
    s_tag *dest;
    dest = alloc(sizeof(s_tag));
    if (! dest)
      return NULL;
    if (! tag_init_1(dest, p)) {
      free(dest);
      return NULL;
    }
    return dest;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_new_copy (const s_tag *src)
  {
    s_tag *dest;
    dest = alloc(sizeof(s_tag));
    if (! dest)
      return NULL;
    if (! tag_init_copy(dest, src)) {
      free(dest);
      return NULL;
    }
    return dest;
  }
  
  bool * tag_not (const s_tag *tag, bool *dest)
  {
    s_tag f;
    assert(tag);
    assert(dest);
    tag_init_bool(&f, false);
    *dest = compare_tag(tag, &f) == 0 ? true : false;
    return dest;
  }
  
  bool * tag_not_eq (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, bool *dest)
  {
    assert(a);
    assert(b);
    assert(dest);
    *dest = compare_tag(a, b) != 0 ? 1 : 0;
    return dest;
  }
  
  bool * tag_or (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, bool *dest)
  {
    s_tag f;
    assert(a);
    assert(b);
    assert(dest);
    tag_init_bool(&f, false);
    *dest = compare_tag(a, &f) != 0 ||
            compare_tag(b, &f) != 0 ? 1 : 0;
    return dest;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_paren (const s_tag *tag, s_tag *dest)
  {
    assert(tag);
    assert(dest);
    return tag_init_copy(dest, tag);
  }
  
  const s_tag * tag_resolve_cow (const s_tag *tag)
  {
    while (tag->type == TAG_COW)
      tag = cow_read_only(tag->data.cow);
    if (! tag) {
      err_puts("tag_resolve_cow: cow was not frozen");
      assert(! "tag_resolve_cow: cow was not frozen");
      return NULL;
    }
    return tag;
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_semicolumn (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b, s_tag *dest)
  {
    (void) a;
    return tag_init_copy(dest, b);
  }
  
  uw * tag_size (const s_tag *tag, uw *dest)
  {
    const s_sym *type;
    uw tmp = 0;
    assert(tag);
    if (! tag_type(tag, &type) ||
        ! sym_type_size(&type, &tmp))
      return NULL;
    *dest = tmp;
    return dest;
  }
  
  bool tag_to_const_pointer (const s_tag *tag, const s_sym *type,
                             const void **dest)
  {
    e_tag_type tag_type;
    if (type == &g_sym_Tag) {
      *dest = tag;
      return true;
    }
    if (! sym_to_tag_type(type, &tag_type))
      return false;
    if (tag->type != tag_type) {
      err_write_1("tag_to_const_pointer: cannot cast ");
      err_write_1(tag_type_to_string(tag->type));
      err_write_1(" to ");
      err_puts(type->str.ptr.pchar);
      assert(! "tag_to_const_pointer: cannot cast");
      return false;
    }
    switch (tag_type) {
    case TAG_ARRAY:       *dest = &tag->data.array;       return true;
    case TAG_BLOCK:       *dest = &tag->data.block;       return true;
    case TAG_BOOL:        *dest = &tag->data.bool;        return true;
    case TAG_CALL:        *dest = &tag->data.call;        return true;
    case TAG_CFN:         *dest = &tag->data.cfn;         return true;
    case TAG_CHARACTER:   *dest = &tag->data.character;   return true;
    case TAG_COMPLEX:     *dest = &tag->data.complex;     return true;
    case TAG_COW:         *dest = &tag->data.cow;         return true;
    case TAG_F32:         *dest = &tag->data.f32;         return true;
    case TAG_F64:         *dest = &tag->data.f64;         return true;
    case TAG_F128:        *dest = &tag->data.f128;        return true;
    case TAG_FACT:        *dest = &tag->data.fact;        return true;
    case TAG_FN:          *dest = &tag->data.fn;          return true;
    case TAG_IDENT:       *dest = &tag->data.ident;       return true;
    case TAG_INTEGER:     *dest = &tag->data.integer;     return true;
    case TAG_SW:          *dest = &tag->data.sw;          return true;
    case TAG_S64:         *dest = &tag->data.s64;         return true;
    case TAG_S32:         *dest = &tag->data.s32;         return true;
    case TAG_S16:         *dest = &tag->data.s16;         return true;
    case TAG_S8:          *dest = &tag->data.s8;          return true;
    case TAG_U8:          *dest = &tag->data.u8;          return true;
    case TAG_U16:         *dest = &tag->data.u16;         return true;
    case TAG_U32:         *dest = &tag->data.u32;         return true;
    case TAG_U64:         *dest = &tag->data.u64;         return true;
    case TAG_UW:          *dest = &tag->data.uw;          return true;
    case TAG_LIST:        *dest = &tag->data.list;        return true;
    case TAG_MAP:         *dest = &tag->data.map;         return true;
    case TAG_PTAG:        *dest = &tag->data.ptag;        return true;
    case TAG_PTR:         *dest = &tag->data.ptr.p;       return true;
    case TAG_PTR_FREE:    *dest = &tag->data.ptr_free.p;  return true;
    case TAG_QUOTE:       *dest = &tag->data.quote;       return true;
    case TAG_RATIO:       *dest = &tag->data.ratio;       return true;
    case TAG_STR:         *dest = &tag->data.str;         return true;
    case TAG_STRUCT:
      if (type == &g_sym_Struct) {
        *dest = &tag->data.struct_;
        return true;
      }
      if (type == tag->data.struct_.type->module) {
        *dest = tag->data.struct_.data;
        assert(*dest);
        return true;
      }
      err_write_1("tag_to_const_pointer: cannot cast ");
      err_write_1(tag_type_to_string(tag->type));
      err_write_1(" to ");
      err_inspect_sym(&type);
      err_write_1("\n");
      assert(! "tag_to_const_pointer: cannot cast");
      return false;
    case TAG_STRUCT_TYPE: *dest = &tag->data.struct_type; return true;
    case TAG_SYM:         *dest = &tag->data.sym;         return true;
    case TAG_TIME:        *dest = &tag->data.time;        return true;
    case TAG_TUPLE:       *dest = &tag->data.tuple;       return true;
    case TAG_UNQUOTE:     *dest = &tag->data.unquote;     return true;
    case TAG_VAR:         *dest = &tag->data.var;         return true;
    case TAG_VOID:        *dest = NULL;                   return true;
    }
    err_write_1("tag_to_const_pointer: invalid tag type: ");
    err_puts(tag_type_to_string(tag_type));
    assert(! "tag_to_const_pointer: invalid tag type");
    return false;
  }
  
  bool tag_to_ffi_pointer (s_tag *tag, const s_sym *type, void **dest)
  {
    if (type == &g_sym_Tag) {
      *dest = tag;
      return true;
    }
    switch (tag->type) {
    case TAG_ARRAY:
      if (type == &g_sym_Array) {
        *dest = tag->data.array.data;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_BLOCK:
      if (type == &g_sym_Block) {
        *dest = &tag->data.block;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_BOOL:
      if (type == &g_sym_Bool) {
        *dest = &tag->data.bool;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_CALL:
      if (type == &g_sym_Call) {
        *dest = &tag->data.call;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_CFN:
      if (type == &g_sym_Cfn) {
        *dest = &tag->data.cfn;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_CHARACTER:
      if (type == &g_sym_Character) {
        *dest = &tag->data.character;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_COMPLEX:
      if (type == &g_sym_Complex) {
        *dest = &tag->data.complex;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_COW:
      if (type == &g_sym_Cow) {
        *dest = &tag->data.cow;
        return true;
      }
      // FIXME: other types
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_F32:
      if (type == &g_sym_F32) {
        *dest = &tag->data.f32;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_F64:
      if (type == &g_sym_F64) {
        *dest = &tag->data.f64;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_F128:
      if (type == &g_sym_F128) {
        *dest = &tag->data.f128;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_FACT:
      if (type == &g_sym_Fact) {
        *dest = &tag->data.fact;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_FN:
      if (type == &g_sym_Fn) {
        *dest = &tag->data.fn;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_IDENT:
      if (type == &g_sym_Ident) {
        *dest = &tag->data.ident;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_INTEGER:
      if (type == &g_sym_Integer) {
        *dest = &tag->data.integer;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_LIST:
      if (type == &g_sym_List) {
        *dest = &tag->data.list;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_MAP:
      if (type == &g_sym_Map) {
        *dest = &tag->data.map;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_PTAG:
      if (type == &g_sym_Ptag) {
        *dest = (void *) tag->data.ptag;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_PTR:
      if (type == &g_sym_Ptr) {
        *dest = &tag->data.ptr;
        return true;
      }
      *dest = tag->data.ptr.p;
      return true;
    case TAG_PTR_FREE:
      if (type == &g_sym_Ptr ||
          type == &g_sym_PtrFree) {
        *dest = &tag->data.ptr_free;
        return true;
      }
      *dest = tag->data.ptr.p;
      return true;
    case TAG_QUOTE:
      if (type == &g_sym_Quote) {
        *dest = &tag->data.quote;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_RATIO:
      if (type == &g_sym_Ratio) {
        *dest = &tag->data.ratio;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_STR:
      if (type == &g_sym_Str) {
        *dest = &tag->data.str;
        return true;
      }
      if (type == &g_sym_Char__star) {
        *dest = (void *) tag->data.str.ptr.pchar;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_STRUCT:
      if (type == &g_sym_Struct) {
        *dest = &tag->data.struct_;
        return true;
      }
      if (type == &g_sym_Ptr) {
        *dest = &tag->data.struct_.data;
        assert(*dest);
        return true;
      }
      if (type == tag->data.struct_.type->module) {
        *dest = tag->data.struct_.data;
        assert(*dest);
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_STRUCT_TYPE:
      if (type == &g_sym_StructType) {
        *dest = &tag->data.struct_type;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_SW:
      if (type == &g_sym_Sw) {
        *dest = &tag->data.sw;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_SYM:
      if (type == &g_sym_Sym) {
        *dest = (void *) &tag->data.sym;
        return true;
      }
      if (type == &g_sym_Str) {
        *dest = (void *) &tag->data.sym->str;
        return true;
      }
      if (type == &g_sym_Char__star) {
        *dest = (void *) tag->data.sym->str.ptr.pchar;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_S8:
      if (type == &g_sym_S8) {
        *dest = &tag->data.s8;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_S16:
      if (type == &g_sym_S16) {
        *dest = &tag->data.s16;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_S32:
      if (type == &g_sym_S32) {
        *dest = &tag->data.s32;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_S64:
      if (type == &g_sym_S64) {
        *dest = &tag->data.s64;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_TIME:
      if (type == &g_sym_Time) {
        *dest = &tag->data.time;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_TUPLE:
      if (type == &g_sym_Tuple) {
        *dest = &tag->data.tuple;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_U8:
      if (type == &g_sym_U8) {
        *dest = &tag->data.u8;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_U16:
      if (type == &g_sym_U16) {
        *dest = &tag->data.u16;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_U32:
      if (type == &g_sym_U32) {
        *dest = &tag->data.u32;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_U64:
      if (type == &g_sym_U64) {
        *dest = &tag->data.u64;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_UNQUOTE:
      if (type == &g_sym_Unquote) {
        *dest = &tag->data.unquote;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_UW:
      if (type == &g_sym_Uw) {
        *dest = &tag->data.uw;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_VAR:
      if (type == &g_sym_Var) {
        *dest = &tag->data.var;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_VOID:
      if (type == &g_sym_Void) {
        *dest = NULL;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    }
    err_puts("tag_to_ffi_pointer: invalid tag type");
    assert(! "tag_to_ffi_pointer: invalid tag type");
    return false;
   invalid_cast:
    err_write_1("tag_to_ffi_pointer: cannot cast ");
    err_write_1(tag_type_to_string(tag->type));
    err_write_1(" to ");
    err_puts(type->str.ptr.pchar);
    assert(! "tag_to_ffi_pointer: cannot cast");
    return false;
  }
  
  bool tag_to_pointer (s_tag *tag, const s_sym *type, void **dest)
  {
    e_tag_type tag_type;
    if (type == &g_sym_Tag) {
      *dest = tag;
      return true;
    }
    if (! sym_to_tag_type(type, &tag_type))
      return false;
    if (tag->type != tag_type) {
      err_write_1("tag_to_pointer: cannot cast ");
      err_write_1(tag_type_to_string(tag->type));
      err_write_1(" to ");
      err_puts(type->str.ptr.pchar);
      assert(! "tag_to_pointer: cannot cast");
      return false;
    }
    switch (tag_type) {
    case TAG_ARRAY:       *dest = &tag->data.array;       return true;
    case TAG_BLOCK:       *dest = &tag->data.block;       return true;
    case TAG_BOOL:        *dest = &tag->data.bool;        return true;
    case TAG_CALL:        *dest = &tag->data.call;        return true;
    case TAG_CFN:         *dest = &tag->data.cfn;         return true;
    case TAG_CHARACTER:   *dest = &tag->data.character;   return true;
    case TAG_COMPLEX:     *dest = &tag->data.complex;     return true;
    case TAG_COW:         *dest = &tag->data.cow;         return true;
    case TAG_F32:         *dest = &tag->data.f32;         return true;
    case TAG_F64:         *dest = &tag->data.f64;         return true;
    case TAG_F128:        *dest = &tag->data.f128;        return true;
    case TAG_FACT:        *dest = &tag->data.fact;        return true;
    case TAG_FN:          *dest = &tag->data.fn;          return true;
    case TAG_IDENT:       *dest = &tag->data.ident;       return true;
    case TAG_INTEGER:     *dest = &tag->data.integer;     return true;
    case TAG_LIST:        *dest = &tag->data.list;        return true;
    case TAG_MAP:         *dest = &tag->data.map;         return true;
    case TAG_PTAG:        *dest = &tag->data.ptag;        return true;
    case TAG_PTR:         *dest = &tag->data.ptr.p;       return true;
    case TAG_PTR_FREE:    *dest = &tag->data.ptr_free.p;  return true;
    case TAG_QUOTE:       *dest = &tag->data.quote;       return true;
    case TAG_RATIO:       *dest = &tag->data.ratio;       return true;
    case TAG_SW:          *dest = &tag->data.sw;          return true;
    case TAG_S64:         *dest = &tag->data.s64;         return true;
    case TAG_S32:         *dest = &tag->data.s32;         return true;
    case TAG_S16:         *dest = &tag->data.s16;         return true;
    case TAG_S8:          *dest = &tag->data.s8;          return true;
    case TAG_STR:         *dest = &tag->data.str;         return true;
    case TAG_STRUCT:
      if (type == &g_sym_Struct) {
        *dest = &tag->data.struct_;
        return true;
      }
      if (type == tag->data.struct_.type->module) {
        *dest = tag->data.struct_.data;
        return true;
      }
      goto invalid_cast;
    case TAG_STRUCT_TYPE: *dest = &tag->data.struct_type; return true;
    case TAG_SYM:         *dest = &tag->data.sym;         return true;
    case TAG_TIME:        *dest = &tag->data.time;        return true;
    case TAG_TUPLE:       *dest = &tag->data.tuple;       return true;
    case TAG_U8:          *dest = &tag->data.u8;          return true;
    case TAG_U16:         *dest = &tag->data.u16;         return true;
    case TAG_U32:         *dest = &tag->data.u32;         return true;
    case TAG_U64:         *dest = &tag->data.u64;         return true;
    case TAG_UNQUOTE:     *dest = &tag->data.unquote;     return true;
    case TAG_UW:          *dest = &tag->data.uw;          return true;
    case TAG_VAR:         *dest = &tag->data.var;         return true;
    case TAG_VOID:        *dest = NULL;                   return true;
    }
    err_puts("tag_to_pointer: invalid tag type");
    assert(! "tag_to_pointer: invalid tag type");
    return false;
   invalid_cast:
    err_write_1("tag_to_pointer: invalid cast from ");
    if (tag->type == TAG_STRUCT)
      err_inspect_sym(&tag->data.struct_.type->module);
    else
      err_write_1(tag_type_to_string(tag->type));
    err_write_1(" to ");
    err_inspect_sym(&type);
    err_write_1("\n");
    assert(! "tag_to_pointer: invalid cast");
    return false;
  }
  
  const s_sym ** tag_type (const s_tag *tag, const s_sym **dest)
  {
    assert(tag);
    assert(dest);
    switch (tag->type) {
    case TAG_VOID:        *dest = &g_sym_Void;       return dest;
    case TAG_ARRAY:
      *dest = tag->data.array.array_type;
      return dest;
    case TAG_BLOCK:       *dest = &g_sym_Block;      return dest;
    case TAG_BOOL:        *dest = &g_sym_Bool;       return dest;
    case TAG_CALL:        *dest = &g_sym_Call;       return dest;
    case TAG_CFN:         *dest = &g_sym_Cfn;        return dest;
    case TAG_CHARACTER:   *dest = &g_sym_Character;  return dest;
    case TAG_COMPLEX:     *dest = &g_sym_Complex;    return dest;
    case TAG_COW:         *dest = &g_sym_Cow;        return dest;
    case TAG_F32:         *dest = &g_sym_F32;        return dest;
    case TAG_F64:         *dest = &g_sym_F64;        return dest;
    case TAG_F128:        *dest = &g_sym_F128;       return dest;
    case TAG_FACT:        *dest = &g_sym_Fact;       return dest;
    case TAG_FN:          *dest = &g_sym_Fn;         return dest;
    case TAG_IDENT:       *dest = &g_sym_Ident;      return dest;
    case TAG_INTEGER:     *dest = &g_sym_Integer;    return dest;
    case TAG_SW:          *dest = &g_sym_Sw;         return dest;
    case TAG_S64:         *dest = &g_sym_S64;        return dest;
    case TAG_S32:         *dest = &g_sym_S32;        return dest;
    case TAG_S16:         *dest = &g_sym_S16;        return dest;
    case TAG_S8:          *dest = &g_sym_S8;         return dest;
    case TAG_U8:          *dest = &g_sym_U8;         return dest;
    case TAG_U16:         *dest = &g_sym_U16;        return dest;
    case TAG_U32:         *dest = &g_sym_U32;        return dest;
    case TAG_U64:         *dest = &g_sym_U64;        return dest;
    case TAG_UW:          *dest = &g_sym_Uw;         return dest;
    case TAG_LIST:        *dest = &g_sym_List;       return dest;
    case TAG_MAP:         *dest = &g_sym_Map;        return dest;
    case TAG_PTAG:        *dest = &g_sym_Ptag;       return dest;
    case TAG_PTR:         *dest = &g_sym_Ptr;        return dest;
    case TAG_PTR_FREE:    *dest = &g_sym_PtrFree;    return dest;
    case TAG_QUOTE:       *dest = &g_sym_Quote;      return dest;
    case TAG_RATIO:       *dest = &g_sym_Ratio;      return dest;
    case TAG_STR:         *dest = &g_sym_Str;        return dest;
    case TAG_STRUCT:      *dest = tag->data.struct_.type->module;
                                                     return dest;
    case TAG_STRUCT_TYPE: *dest = &g_sym_StructType; return dest;
    case TAG_SYM:         *dest = &g_sym_Sym;        return dest;
    case TAG_TIME:        *dest = &g_sym_Time;       return dest;
    case TAG_TUPLE:       *dest = &g_sym_Tuple;      return dest;
    case TAG_UNQUOTE:     *dest = &g_sym_Unquote;    return dest;
    case TAG_VAR:         *dest = &g_sym_Var;        return dest;
    }
    err_puts("tag_type: invalid tag type");
    assert(! "tag_type: invalid tag type");
    return NULL;
  }
  
  const s_sym ** tag_var_type (const s_tag *tag, const s_sym **dest)
  {
    assert(tag);
    assert(dest);
    if (tag->type == TAG_VAR) {
      *dest = tag->data.var.type;
      return dest;
    }
    return tag_type(tag, dest);
  }
  
  s_tag * tag_void (s_tag *tag)
  {
    assert(tag);
    tag_clean(tag);
    *tag = (s_tag) {0};
    return tag;
  }
  
  bool tag_xor (const s_tag *a, const s_tag *b)
  {
    s_tag f;
    tag_init_bool(&f, false);
    return (compare_tag(a, &f) != 0) != (compare_tag(b, &f) != 0);
  }
  

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