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kc3-lang/libevent/buffer.c

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  • Author : Nick Mathewson
    Date : 2009-04-17 06:56:09
    Hash : a8f6d961
    Message : Actually stop using EVBUFFER_LENGTH/DATA, and move them to buffer_compat.h svn:r1183

  • buffer.c
  • /*
     * Copyright (c) 2002-2007 Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
     * Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Niels Provos and Nick Mathewson
     *
     * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     * are met:
     * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
     *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
     *
     * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
     * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
     * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
     * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
     * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
     * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
     * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
     * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
     * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
     * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     */
    
    #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
    #include "event-config.h"
    #endif
    
    #ifdef WIN32
    #include <winsock2.h>
    #include <windows.h>
    #endif
    
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_VASPRINTF
    /* If we have vasprintf, we need to define this before we include stdio.h. */
    #define _GNU_SOURCE
    #endif
    
    #include <sys/types.h>
    
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
    #include <sys/time.h>
    #endif
    
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #endif
    
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SYS_UIO_H
    #include <sys/uio.h>
    #endif
    
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
    #include <sys/ioctl.h>
    #endif
    
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SYS_MMAN_H
    #include <sys/mman.h>
    #endif
    
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SYS_SENDFILE_H
    #include <sys/sendfile.h>
    #endif
    
    #include <assert.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_STDARG_H
    #include <stdarg.h>
    #endif
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_UNISTD_H
    #include <unistd.h>
    #endif
    
    #include "event2/event.h"
    #include "event2/buffer.h"
    #include "event2/buffer_compat.h"
    #include "event2/thread.h"
    #include "event-config.h"
    #include "log-internal.h"
    #include "mm-internal.h"
    #include "util-internal.h"
    #include "evthread-internal.h"
    #include "evbuffer-internal.h"
    
    /* some systems do not have MAP_FAILED */
    #ifndef MAP_FAILED
    #define MAP_FAILED	((void *)-1)
    #endif
    
    /* send file support */
    #if defined(_EVENT_HAVE_SYS_SENDFILE_H) && defined(_EVENT_HAVE_SENDFILE) && defined(__linux__)
    #define USE_SENDFILE		1
    #define SENDFILE_IS_LINUX	1
    #elif defined(_EVENT_HAVE_SENDFILE) && (defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__APPLE__))
    #define USE_SENDFILE		1
    #define SENDFILE_IS_FREEBSD	1
    #endif
    
    #ifdef USE_SENDFILE
    static int use_sendfile = 1;
    #endif
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_MMAP
    static int use_mmap = 1;
    #endif
    
    
    /* Mask of user-selectable callback flags. */
    #define EVBUFFER_CB_USER_FLAGS      0xffff
    /* Mask of all internal-use-only flags. */
    #define EVBUFFER_CB_INTERNAL_FLAGS  0xffff0000
    
    #if 0
    /* Flag set on suspended callbacks. */
    #define EVBUFFER_CB_SUSPENDED          0x00010000
    /* Flag set if we should invoke the callback on wakeup. */
    #define EVBUFFER_CB_CALL_ON_UNSUSPEND  0x00020000
    #endif
    
    /* Flag set if the callback is using the cb_obsolete function pointer  */
    #define EVBUFFER_CB_OBSOLETE           0x00040000
    
    /* evbuffer_chain support */
    #define CHAIN_SPACE_PTR(ch) ((ch)->buffer + (ch)->misalign + (ch)->off)
    #define CHAIN_SPACE_LEN(ch) ((ch)->flags & EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE ? \
    	    0 : (ch)->buffer_len - ((ch)->misalign + (ch)->off))
    
    
    #define CHAIN_PINNED(ch)  (((ch)->flags & EVBUFFER_MEM_PINNED_ANY) != 0)
    #define CHAIN_PINNED_R(ch)  (((ch)->flags & EVBUFFER_MEM_PINNED_R) != 0)
    
    static void evbuffer_chain_align(struct evbuffer_chain *chain);
    static void evbuffer_deferred_callback(struct deferred_cb *cb, void *arg);
    
    static struct evbuffer_chain *
    evbuffer_chain_new(size_t size)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
    	size_t to_alloc;
    
    	size += EVBUFFER_CHAIN_SIZE;
    
    	/* get the next largest memory that can hold the buffer */
    	to_alloc = MIN_BUFFER_SIZE;
    	while (to_alloc < size)
    		to_alloc <<= 1;
    
    	/* we get everything in one chunk */
    	if ((chain = mm_malloc(to_alloc)) == NULL)
    		return (NULL);
    
    	memset(chain, 0, EVBUFFER_CHAIN_SIZE);
    
    	chain->buffer_len = to_alloc - EVBUFFER_CHAIN_SIZE;
    
    	/* this way we can manipulate the buffer to different addresses,
    	 * which is required for mmap for example.
    	 */
    	chain->buffer = EVBUFFER_CHAIN_EXTRA(u_char, chain);
    
    	return (chain);
    }
    
    static inline void
    evbuffer_chain_free(struct evbuffer_chain *chain)
    {
    	if (CHAIN_PINNED(chain)) {
    		chain->flags |= EVBUFFER_DANGLING;
    		return;
    	}
    	if (chain->flags & (EVBUFFER_MMAP|EVBUFFER_SENDFILE|
    		EVBUFFER_REFERENCE)) {
    		if (chain->flags & EVBUFFER_REFERENCE) {
    			struct evbuffer_chain_reference *info =
    			    EVBUFFER_CHAIN_EXTRA(
    				    struct evbuffer_chain_reference,
    				    chain);
    			if (info->cleanupfn)
    				(*info->cleanupfn)(info->extra);
    		}
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_MMAP
    		if (chain->flags & EVBUFFER_MMAP) {
    			struct evbuffer_chain_fd *info =
    			    EVBUFFER_CHAIN_EXTRA(struct evbuffer_chain_fd,
    				chain);
    			if (munmap(chain->buffer, chain->buffer_len) == -1)
    				event_warn("%s: munmap failed", __func__);
    			if (close(info->fd) == -1)
    				event_warn("%s: close(%d) failed",
    				    __func__, info->fd);
    		}
    #endif
    #ifdef USE_SENDFILE
    		if (chain->flags & EVBUFFER_SENDFILE) {
    			struct evbuffer_chain_fd *info =
    			    EVBUFFER_CHAIN_EXTRA(struct evbuffer_chain_fd,
    				chain);
    			if (close(info->fd) == -1)
    				event_warn("%s: close(%d) failed",
    				    __func__, info->fd);
    		}
    #endif
    	}
    	mm_free(chain);
    }
    
    static inline void
    evbuffer_chain_insert(struct evbuffer *buf, struct evbuffer_chain *chain)
    {
            ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(buf);
    	if (buf->first == NULL) {
    		buf->first = buf->last = chain;
    		buf->previous_to_last = NULL;
    	} else {
    		/* the last chain is empty so we can just drop it */
    		if (buf->last->off == 0 && !CHAIN_PINNED(buf->last)) {
    			evbuffer_chain_free(buf->last);
    			buf->previous_to_last->next = chain;
    			buf->last = chain;
    		} else {
    			buf->previous_to_last = buf->last;
    			buf->last->next = chain;
    			buf->last = chain;
    		}
    	}
    
    	buf->total_len += chain->off;
    }
    
    void
    _evbuffer_chain_pin(struct evbuffer_chain *chain, unsigned flag)
    {
    	assert((chain->flags & flag) == 0);
    	chain->flags |= flag;
    }
    
    void
    _evbuffer_chain_unpin(struct evbuffer_chain *chain, unsigned flag)
    {
    	assert((chain->flags & flag) != 0);
    	chain->flags &= ~flag;
    	if (chain->flags & EVBUFFER_DANGLING)
    		evbuffer_chain_free(chain);
    }
    
    struct evbuffer *
    evbuffer_new(void)
    {
    	struct evbuffer *buffer;
    
    	buffer = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct evbuffer));
    
    	TAILQ_INIT(&buffer->callbacks);
    	buffer->refcnt = 1;
    
    	return (buffer);
    }
    
    void
    _evbuffer_incref(struct evbuffer *buf)
    {
    	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	++buf->refcnt;
    	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_defer_callbacks(struct evbuffer *buffer, struct event_base *base)
    {
    	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	buffer->ev_base = base;
    	buffer->deferred_cbs = 1;
    	event_deferred_cb_init(&buffer->deferred,
    	    evbuffer_deferred_callback, buffer);
    	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_enable_locking(struct evbuffer *buf, void *lock)
    {
    #ifdef _EVENT_DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT
            return -1;
    #else
            if (buf->lock)
                    return -1;
    
            if (!lock) {
                    EVTHREAD_ALLOC_LOCK(lock);
                    if (!lock)
                            return -1;
                    buf->lock = lock;
                    buf->own_lock = 1;
            } else {
                    buf->lock = lock;
                    buf->own_lock = 0;
            }
    
            return 0;
    #endif
    }
    
    static void
    evbuffer_run_callbacks(struct evbuffer *buffer)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cbent, *next;
            struct evbuffer_cb_info info;
    	size_t new_size;
    
            ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(buffer);
    
    	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&buffer->callbacks)) {
                    buffer->n_add_for_cb = buffer->n_del_for_cb = 0;
    		return;
            }
            if (buffer->n_add_for_cb == 0 && buffer->n_del_for_cb == 0)
                    return;
    
            new_size = buffer->total_len;
            info.orig_size = new_size + buffer->n_del_for_cb - buffer->n_add_for_cb;
            info.n_added = buffer->n_add_for_cb;
            info.n_deleted = buffer->n_del_for_cb;
            buffer->n_add_for_cb = 0;
            buffer->n_del_for_cb = 0;
    
    	for (cbent = TAILQ_FIRST(&buffer->callbacks);
    	     cbent != TAILQ_END(&buffer->callbacks);
    	     cbent = next) {
    		/* Get the 'next' pointer now in case this callback decides
    		 * to remove itself or something. */
    		next = TAILQ_NEXT(cbent, next);
    		if ((cbent->flags & EVBUFFER_CB_ENABLED)) {
    #if 0
    			if ((cbent->flags & EVBUFFER_CB_SUSPENDED))
    				cbent->flags |= EVBUFFER_CB_CALL_ON_UNSUSPEND;
    			else
    #endif
                            if ((cbent->flags & EVBUFFER_CB_OBSOLETE))
                                    cbent->cb.cb_obsolete(buffer,
                                            info.orig_size, new_size, cbent->cbarg);
                            else
                                    cbent->cb.cb_func(buffer, &info, cbent->cbarg);
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    static inline void
    evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(struct evbuffer *buffer)
    {
    	if (buffer->deferred_cbs) {
    		if (buffer->deferred.queued)
    			return;
    		_evbuffer_incref(buffer);
    		event_deferred_cb_schedule(buffer->ev_base, &buffer->deferred);
    	} else {
    		evbuffer_run_callbacks(buffer);
    	}
    }
    
    static void
    evbuffer_deferred_callback(struct deferred_cb *cb, void *arg)
    {
    	struct evbuffer *buffer = arg;
    
    	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	evbuffer_run_callbacks(buffer);
    	_evbuffer_decref_and_unlock(buffer);
    }
    
    static void
    evbuffer_remove_all_callbacks(struct evbuffer *buffer)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cbent;
    
    	while ((cbent = TAILQ_FIRST(&buffer->callbacks))) {
    	    TAILQ_REMOVE(&buffer->callbacks, cbent, next);
    	    mm_free(cbent);
    	}
    }
    
    void
    _evbuffer_decref_and_unlock(struct evbuffer *buffer)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *next;
    	ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(buffer);
    
    	if (--buffer->refcnt > 0) {
    		EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    		return;
    	}
    
    	for (chain = buffer->first; chain != NULL; chain = next) {
    		next = chain->next;
    		evbuffer_chain_free(chain);
    	}
    	evbuffer_remove_all_callbacks(buffer);
    	if (buffer->deferred_cbs)
    		event_deferred_cb_cancel(buffer->ev_base, &buffer->deferred);
    
    	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
            if (buffer->own_lock)
                    EVTHREAD_FREE_LOCK(buffer->lock);
    	mm_free(buffer);
    }
    
    void
    evbuffer_free(struct evbuffer *buffer)
    {
    	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	_evbuffer_decref_and_unlock(buffer);
    }
    
    void
    evbuffer_lock(struct evbuffer *buf)
    {
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    }
    
    void
    evbuffer_unlock(struct evbuffer *buf)
    {
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    }
    
    size_t
    evbuffer_get_length(const struct evbuffer *buffer)
    {
            size_t result;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_READ);
    
    	result = (buffer->total_len);
    
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_READ);
    
            return result;
    }
    
    size_t
    evbuffer_get_contiguous_space(const struct evbuffer *buf)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
            size_t result;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_READ);
            chain = buf->first;
    	result = (chain != NULL ? chain->off : 0);
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_READ);
    
            return result;
    }
    
    unsigned char *
    evbuffer_reserve_space(struct evbuffer *buf, size_t size)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
            unsigned char *result = NULL;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	if (buf->freeze_end)
    		goto done;
    
    	if (evbuffer_expand(buf, size) == -1)
                    goto done;
    
    	chain = buf->last;
    
    	result = (chain->buffer + chain->misalign + chain->off);
    
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
            return result;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_commit_space(struct evbuffer *buf, size_t size)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
            int result = -1;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	if (buf->freeze_end) {
    		goto done;
    	}
    
            chain = buf->last;
    
    	if (chain == NULL ||
    	    chain->buffer_len - chain->off - chain->misalign < size)
    		goto done;
    
    	chain->off += size;
    	buf->total_len += size;
    	buf->n_add_for_cb += size;
    
    	result = 0;
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(buf);
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return result;
    }
    
    #define ZERO_CHAIN(dst) do { \
                    ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(dst);    \
    		(dst)->first = NULL;		\
    		(dst)->last = NULL;		\
    		(dst)->previous_to_last = NULL; \
    		(dst)->total_len = 0;		\
    	} while (0)
    
    #define COPY_CHAIN(dst, src) do { \
                    ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(dst);                       \
                    ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(src);                       \
    		(dst)->first = (src)->first;			   \
    		(dst)->previous_to_last = (src)->previous_to_last; \
    		(dst)->last = (src)->last;			   \
    		(dst)->total_len = (src)->total_len;		   \
    	} while (0)
    
    #define APPEND_CHAIN(dst, src) do {					\
                    ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(dst);                            \
                    ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(src);                            \
    		(dst)->last->next = (src)->first;			\
    		(dst)->previous_to_last = (src)->previous_to_last ?	\
    		    (src)->previous_to_last : (dst)->last;		\
    		(dst)->last = (src)->last;				\
    		(dst)->total_len += (src)->total_len;			\
    	} while (0)
    
    #define PREPEND_CHAIN(dst, src) do {                               \
                    ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(dst);                       \
                    ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(src);                       \
    		(src)->last->next = (dst)->first;                  \
    		(dst)->first = (src)->first;                       \
    		(dst)->total_len += (src)->total_len;              \
    		if ((dst)->previous_to_last == NULL)               \
    			(dst)->previous_to_last = (src)->last;     \
    	} while (0)
    
    
    int
    evbuffer_add_buffer(struct evbuffer *outbuf, struct evbuffer *inbuf)
    {
    	size_t in_total_len, out_total_len;
    	int result = 0;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK2(inbuf, outbuf);
            in_total_len = inbuf->total_len;
    	out_total_len = outbuf->total_len;
    
    	if (in_total_len == 0 || outbuf == inbuf)
    		goto done;
    
    	if (outbuf->freeze_end || inbuf->freeze_start) {
    		result = -1;
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	if (out_total_len == 0) {
    		COPY_CHAIN(outbuf, inbuf);
    	} else {
    		APPEND_CHAIN(outbuf, inbuf);
    	}
    
    	/* remove everything from inbuf */
    	ZERO_CHAIN(inbuf);
            inbuf->n_del_for_cb += in_total_len;
            outbuf->n_add_for_cb += in_total_len;
    
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(inbuf);
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(outbuf);
    
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK2(inbuf, outbuf);
    	return result;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_prepend_buffer(struct evbuffer *outbuf, struct evbuffer *inbuf)
    {
    	size_t in_total_len, out_total_len;
    	int result = 0;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK2(inbuf, outbuf);
    
            in_total_len = inbuf->total_len;
    	out_total_len = outbuf->total_len;
    
    	if (!in_total_len || inbuf == outbuf)
    		goto done;
    
    	if (outbuf->freeze_start || inbuf->freeze_start) {
    		result = -1;
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	if (out_total_len == 0) {
    		COPY_CHAIN(outbuf, inbuf);
    	} else {
    		PREPEND_CHAIN(outbuf, inbuf);
    	}
    
    	/* remove everything from inbuf */
    	ZERO_CHAIN(inbuf);
            inbuf->n_del_for_cb += in_total_len;
            outbuf->n_add_for_cb += in_total_len;
    
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(inbuf);
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(outbuf);
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK2(inbuf, outbuf);
    	return result;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_drain(struct evbuffer *buf, size_t len)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *next;
            size_t old_len;
    	int result = 0;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
            old_len = buf->total_len;
    
    	if (old_len == 0)
    		goto done;
    
    	if (buf->freeze_start) {
    		result = -1;
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    
    	if (len >= old_len && !(buf->last && CHAIN_PINNED_R(buf->last))) {
                    len = old_len;
    		for (chain = buf->first; chain != NULL; chain = next) {
    			next = chain->next;
    
    			evbuffer_chain_free(chain);
    		}
    
    		ZERO_CHAIN(buf);
    	} else {
    		if (len >= old_len)
    			len = old_len;
    
    		buf->total_len -= len;
    
    		for (chain = buf->first; len >= chain->off; chain = next) {
    			next = chain->next;
    			len -= chain->off;
    
    			if (len == 0 && CHAIN_PINNED_R(chain))
    				break;
    			evbuffer_chain_free(chain);
    		}
    
    		buf->first = chain;
    		if (buf->first == buf->last)
    			buf->previous_to_last = NULL;
    		chain->misalign += len;
    		chain->off -= len;
    	}
    
            buf->n_del_for_cb += len;
    	/* Tell someone about changes in this buffer */
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(buf);
    
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return result;
    }
    
    /* Reads data from an event buffer and drains the bytes read */
    
    int
    evbuffer_remove(struct evbuffer *buf, void *data_out, size_t datlen)
    {
            /*XXX fails badly on sendfile case. */
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *tmp;
    	char *data = data_out;
    	size_t nread;
            int result = 0;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
            chain = buf->first;
    
    	if (datlen >= buf->total_len)
    		datlen = buf->total_len;
    
    	if (datlen == 0)
                    goto done;
    
    	if (buf->freeze_start) {
    		result = -1;
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	nread = datlen;
    
    	while (datlen && datlen >= chain->off) {
    		memcpy(data, chain->buffer + chain->misalign, chain->off);
    		data += chain->off;
    		datlen -= chain->off;
    
    		tmp = chain;
    		chain = chain->next;
    		evbuffer_chain_free(tmp);
    	}
    
    	buf->first = chain;
    	if (chain == NULL)
    		buf->last = NULL;
    	if (buf->first == buf->last)
    		buf->previous_to_last = NULL;
    
    	if (datlen) {
    		memcpy(data, chain->buffer + chain->misalign, datlen);
    		chain->misalign += datlen;
    		chain->off -= datlen;
    	}
    
    	buf->total_len -= nread;
    
            buf->n_del_for_cb += nread;
    	if (nread)
    		evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(buf);
    
    	result = nread;
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
            return result;
    }
    
    /* reads data from the src buffer to the dst buffer, avoids memcpy as
     * possible. */
    int
    evbuffer_remove_buffer(struct evbuffer *src, struct evbuffer *dst,
        size_t datlen)
    {
    	/*XXX We should have an option to force this to be zero-copy.*/
    
    	/*XXX can fail badly on sendfile case. */
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *previous, *previous_to_previous = NULL;
    	size_t nread = 0;
            int result;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK2(src, dst);
    
            chain = previous = src->first;
    
    	if (datlen == 0 || dst == src) {
    		result = 0;
                    goto done;
            }
    
    	if (dst->freeze_end || src->freeze_start) {
    		result = -1;
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	/* short-cut if there is no more data buffered */
    	if (datlen >= src->total_len) {
    		datlen = src->total_len;
    		evbuffer_add_buffer(dst, src);
    		result = datlen;
                    goto done;
    	}
    
    	/* removes chains if possible */
    	while (chain->off <= datlen) {
    		nread += chain->off;
    		datlen -= chain->off;
    		previous_to_previous = previous;
    		previous = chain;
    		chain = chain->next;
    	}
    
    	if (nread) {
    		/* we can remove the chain */
    		if (dst->first == NULL) {
    			dst->first = src->first;
    		} else {
    			dst->last->next = src->first;
    		}
    		dst->previous_to_last = previous_to_previous;
    		dst->last = previous;
    		previous->next = NULL;
    		src->first = chain;
    		if (src->first == src->last)
    			src->previous_to_last = NULL;
    
    		dst->total_len += nread;
                    dst->n_add_for_cb += nread;
    	}
    
    	/* we know that there is more data in the src buffer than
    	 * we want to read, so we manually drain the chain */
    	evbuffer_add(dst, chain->buffer + chain->misalign, datlen);
    	chain->misalign += datlen;
    	chain->off -= datlen;
    	nread += datlen;
    
    	src->total_len -= nread;
            src->n_del_for_cb += nread;
    
    	if (nread) {
    		evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(dst);
    		evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(src);
    	}
            result = nread;
    
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK2(src, dst);
    	return result;
    }
    
    unsigned char *
    evbuffer_pullup(struct evbuffer *buf, ssize_t size)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *next, *tmp;
    	unsigned char *buffer, *result = NULL;
    	ssize_t remaining;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
            chain = buf->first;
    
    	if (size == -1)
    		size = buf->total_len;
    	/* if size > buf->total_len, we cannot guarantee to the user that she
    	 * is going to have a long enough buffer afterwards; so we return
    	 * NULL */
    	if (size == 0 || size > buf->total_len)
                    goto done;
    
    	/* No need to pull up anything; the first size bytes are
    	 * already here. */
            if (chain->off >= size) {
                    result = chain->buffer + chain->misalign;
                    goto done;
            }
    
    	/* Make sure that none of the chains we need to copy from is pinned. */
    	remaining = size - chain->off;
    	for (tmp=chain->next; tmp; tmp=tmp->next) {
    		if (CHAIN_PINNED(tmp))
    			goto done;
    		if (tmp->off >= remaining)
    			break;
    		remaining -= tmp->off;
    	}
    
    	if (CHAIN_PINNED(chain)) {
    		size_t old_off = chain->off;
    		if (CHAIN_SPACE_LEN(chain) < size - chain->off) {
    			/* not enough room at end of chunk. */
    			goto done;
    		}
    		buffer = CHAIN_SPACE_PTR(chain);
    		tmp = chain;
    		tmp->off = size;
    		size -= old_off;
    		chain = chain->next;
    	} else if (chain->buffer_len - chain->misalign >= size) {
    		/* already have enough space in the first chain */
    		size_t old_off = chain->off;
    		buffer = chain->buffer + chain->misalign + chain->off;
    		tmp = chain;
    		tmp->off = size;
    		size -= old_off;
    		chain = chain->next;
    	} else {
    		if ((tmp = evbuffer_chain_new(size)) == NULL) {
    			event_warn("%s: out of memory\n", __func__);
    			goto done;
    		}
    		buffer = tmp->buffer;
    		tmp->off = size;
    		buf->first = tmp;
    	}
    
    	/* TODO(niels): deal with buffers that point to NULL like sendfile */
    
    	/* Copy and free every chunk that will be entirely pulled into tmp */
    	for (; chain != NULL && size >= chain->off; chain = next) {
    		next = chain->next;
    
    		memcpy(buffer, chain->buffer + chain->misalign, chain->off);
    		size -= chain->off;
    		buffer += chain->off;
    
    		evbuffer_chain_free(chain);
    	}
    
    	if (chain != NULL) {
    		memcpy(buffer, chain->buffer + chain->misalign, size);
    		chain->misalign += size;
    		chain->off -= size;
    		if (chain == buf->last)
    			buf->previous_to_last = tmp;
    	} else {
    		buf->last = tmp;
    		/* the last is already the first, so we have no previous */
    		buf->previous_to_last = NULL;
    	}
    
    	tmp->next = chain;
    
    	result = (tmp->buffer + tmp->misalign);
    
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
            return result;
    }
    
    /*
     * Reads a line terminated by either '\r\n', '\n\r' or '\r' or '\n'.
     * The returned buffer needs to be freed by the called.
     */
    char *
    evbuffer_readline(struct evbuffer *buffer)
    {
    	return evbuffer_readln(buffer, NULL, EVBUFFER_EOL_ANY);
    }
    
    struct evbuffer_iterator {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
    	int off;
    };
    
    static inline int
    evbuffer_strchr(struct evbuffer_iterator *it, const char chr)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain = it->chain;
    	int i = it->off, count = 0;
    	while (chain != NULL) {
    		char *buffer = (char *)chain->buffer + chain->misalign;
    		for (; i < chain->off; ++i, ++count) {
    			if (buffer[i] == chr) {
    				it->chain = chain;
    				it->off = i;
    				return (count);
    			}
    		}
    		i = 0;
    		chain = chain->next;
    	}
    
    	return (-1);
    }
    
    static inline int
    evbuffer_strpbrk(struct evbuffer_iterator *it, const char *chrset)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain = it->chain;
    	int i = it->off, count = 0;
    	while (chain != NULL) {
    		char *buffer = (char *)chain->buffer + chain->misalign;
    		for (; i < chain->off; ++i, ++count) {
    			const char *p = chrset;
    			while (*p) {
    				if (buffer[i] == *p++) {
    					it->chain = chain;
    					it->off = i;
    					return (count);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    		i = 0;
    		chain = chain->next;
    	}
    
    	return (-1);
    }
    
    static inline int
    evbuffer_strspn(
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, int i, const char *chrset)
    {
    	int count = 0;
    	while (chain != NULL) {
    		char *buffer = (char *)chain->buffer + chain->misalign;
    		for (; i < chain->off; ++i) {
    			const char *p = chrset;
    			while (*p) {
    				if (buffer[i] == *p++)
    					goto next;
    			}
    			return count;
    		next:
    			++count;
    		}
    		i = 0;
    		chain = chain->next;
    	}
    
    	return (count);
    }
    
    static inline int
    evbuffer_getchr(struct evbuffer_iterator *it, char *pchr)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain = it->chain;
    	int off = it->off;
    
    	while (off >= chain->off) {
    		off -= chain->off;
    		chain = chain->next;
    		if (chain == NULL)
    			return (-1);
    	}
    
    	*pchr = chain->buffer[chain->misalign + off];
    
    	it->chain = chain;
    	it->off = off;
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    char *
    evbuffer_readln(struct evbuffer *buffer, size_t *n_read_out,
    		enum evbuffer_eol_style eol_style)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_iterator it;
    	char *line, chr;
    	unsigned int n_to_copy, extra_drain;
    	int count = 0;
            char *result = NULL;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	if (buffer->freeze_start) {
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	it.chain = buffer->first;
    	it.off = 0;
    
    	/* the eol_style determines our first stop character and how many
    	 * characters we are going to drain afterwards. */
    	switch (eol_style) {
    	case EVBUFFER_EOL_ANY:
    		count = evbuffer_strpbrk(&it, "\r\n");
    		if (count == -1)
    			goto done;
    
    		n_to_copy = count;
    		extra_drain = evbuffer_strspn(it.chain, it.off, "\r\n");
    		break;
    	case EVBUFFER_EOL_CRLF_STRICT: {
    		int tmp;
    		while ((tmp = evbuffer_strchr(&it, '\r')) != -1) {
    			count += tmp;
    			++it.off;
    			if (evbuffer_getchr(&it, &chr) == -1)
    				goto done;
    			if (chr == '\n') {
    				n_to_copy = count;
    				break;
    			}
    			++count;
    		}
    		if (tmp == -1)
    			goto done;
    		extra_drain = 2;
    		break;
    	}
    	case EVBUFFER_EOL_CRLF:
    		/* we might strip a preceding '\r' */
    	case EVBUFFER_EOL_LF:
    		if ((count = evbuffer_strchr(&it, '\n')) == -1)
    			goto done;
    		n_to_copy = count;
    		extra_drain = 1;
    		break;
    	default:
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	if ((line = mm_malloc(n_to_copy+1)) == NULL) {
    		event_warn("%s: out of memory\n", __func__);
    		evbuffer_drain(buffer, n_to_copy + extra_drain);
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	evbuffer_remove(buffer, line, n_to_copy);
    	if (eol_style == EVBUFFER_EOL_CRLF &&
    	    n_to_copy && line[n_to_copy-1] == '\r')
    		--n_to_copy;
    	line[n_to_copy] = '\0';
    
    	evbuffer_drain(buffer, extra_drain);
    	if (n_read_out)
    		*n_read_out = (size_t)n_to_copy;
    
            result = line;
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
            return result;
    }
    
    #define EVBUFFER_CHAIN_MAX_AUTO_SIZE 4096
    
    /* Adds data to an event buffer */
    
    int
    evbuffer_add(struct evbuffer *buf, const void *data_in, size_t datlen)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *tmp;
    	const unsigned char *data = data_in;
    	size_t remain, to_alloc;
            int result = -1;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	if (buf->freeze_end) {
    		goto done;
    	}
    
            chain = buf->last;
    
    	/* If there are no chains allocated for this buffer, allocate one
    	 * big enough to hold all the data. */
    	if (chain == NULL) {
    		if (evbuffer_expand(buf, datlen) == -1)
    			goto done;
    		chain = buf->last;
    	}
    
    	if ((chain->flags & EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE) == 0) {
    		remain = chain->buffer_len - chain->misalign - chain->off;
    		if (remain >= datlen) {
    			/* there's enough space to hold all the data in the
    			 * current last chain */
    			memcpy(chain->buffer + chain->misalign + chain->off,
    			    data, datlen);
    			chain->off += datlen;
    			buf->total_len += datlen;
                            buf->n_add_for_cb += datlen;
    			goto out;
    		} else if (chain->misalign >= datlen && !CHAIN_PINNED(chain)) {
    			/* we can fit the data into the misalignment */
    			evbuffer_chain_align(chain);
    
    			memcpy(chain->buffer + chain->off, data, datlen);
    			chain->off += datlen;
    			buf->total_len += datlen;
                            buf->n_add_for_cb += datlen;
    			goto out;
    		}
    	} else {
    		/* we cannot write any data to the last chain */
    		remain = 0;
    	}
    
    	/* we need to add another chain */
    	to_alloc = chain->buffer_len;
    	if (to_alloc <= EVBUFFER_CHAIN_MAX_AUTO_SIZE/2)
    		to_alloc <<= 1;
    	if (datlen > to_alloc)
    		to_alloc = datlen;
    	tmp = evbuffer_chain_new(to_alloc);
    	if (tmp == NULL)
    		goto done;
    
    	if (remain) {
    		memcpy(chain->buffer + chain->misalign + chain->off,
    		    data, remain);
    		chain->off += remain;
    		buf->total_len += remain;
                    buf->n_add_for_cb += remain;
    	}
    
    	data += remain;
    	datlen -= remain;
    
    	memcpy(tmp->buffer, data, datlen);
    	tmp->off = datlen;
    	evbuffer_chain_insert(buf, tmp);
    
    out:
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(buf);
            result = 0;
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return result;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_prepend(struct evbuffer *buf, const void *data, size_t datlen)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *tmp;
            int result = -1;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	if (buf->freeze_start) {
    		goto done;
    	}
    
            chain = buf->first;
    
    	if (chain == NULL) {
    		if (evbuffer_expand(buf, datlen) == -1)
    			goto done;
    		chain = buf->first;
    		chain->misalign = chain->buffer_len;
    	}
    
    	/* we cannot touch immutable buffers */
    	if ((chain->flags & EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE) == 0) {
    		if (chain->misalign >= datlen) {
    			/* we have enough space */
    			memcpy(chain->buffer + chain->misalign - datlen,
    			    data, datlen);
    			chain->off += datlen;
    			chain->misalign -= datlen;
    			buf->total_len += datlen;
                            buf->n_add_for_cb += datlen;
    			goto out;
    		} else if (chain->misalign) {
    			memcpy(chain->buffer,
    			    (char*)data + datlen - chain->misalign,
    			    chain->misalign);
    			chain->off += chain->misalign;
    			buf->total_len += chain->misalign;
                            buf->n_add_for_cb += chain->misalign;
    			datlen -= chain->misalign;
    			chain->misalign = 0;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/* we need to add another chain */
    	if ((tmp = evbuffer_chain_new(datlen)) == NULL)
    		goto done;
    	buf->first = tmp;
    	if (buf->previous_to_last == NULL)
    		buf->previous_to_last = tmp;
    	tmp->next = chain;
    
    	tmp->off = datlen;
    	tmp->misalign = tmp->buffer_len - datlen;
    
    	memcpy(tmp->buffer + tmp->misalign, data, datlen);
    	buf->total_len += datlen;
            buf->n_add_for_cb += chain->misalign;
    
    out:
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(buf);
            result = 0;
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return result;
    }
    
    /** Helper: realigns the memory in chain->buffer so that misalign is 0. */
    static void
    evbuffer_chain_align(struct evbuffer_chain *chain)
    {
    	assert(!(chain->flags & EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE));
    	assert(!(chain->flags & EVBUFFER_MEM_PINNED_ANY));
    	memmove(chain->buffer, chain->buffer + chain->misalign, chain->off);
    	chain->misalign = 0;
    }
    
    /* Expands the available space in the event buffer to at least datlen */
    
    int
    evbuffer_expand(struct evbuffer *buf, size_t datlen)
    {
    	/* XXX we should either make this function less costly, or call it
    	 * less often.  */
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain, *tmp;
    	size_t need, length;
            int result = -1;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
            chain = buf->last;
    
    	if (chain == NULL ||
    	    (chain->flags & (EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE|EVBUFFER_MEM_PINNED_ANY))) {
    		chain = evbuffer_chain_new(datlen);
    		if (chain == NULL)
    			goto err;
    
    		evbuffer_chain_insert(buf, chain);
                    goto ok;
    	}
    
    	need = chain->misalign + chain->off + datlen;
    
    	/* If we can fit all the data, then we don't have to do anything */
    	if (chain->buffer_len >= need)
                    goto ok;
    
    	/* If the misalignment plus the remaining space fulfils our
    	 * data needs, we just force an alignment to happen.
    	 * Afterwards, we have enough space.
    	 */
    	if (chain->buffer_len - chain->off >= datlen) {
    		evbuffer_chain_align(chain);
    		goto ok;
    	}
    
    	/* figure out how much space we need */
    	length = chain->buffer_len - chain->misalign + datlen;
    	tmp = evbuffer_chain_new(length);
    	if (tmp == NULL)
    		goto err;
    	/* copy the data over that we had so far */
    	tmp->off = chain->off;
    	tmp->misalign = 0;
    	memcpy(tmp->buffer, chain->buffer + chain->misalign, chain->off);
    
    	/* fix up the chain */
    	if (buf->first == chain)
    		buf->first = tmp;
    	if (buf->previous_to_last)
    		buf->previous_to_last->next = tmp;
    	buf->last = tmp;
    
    	evbuffer_chain_free(chain);
    
    ok:
            result = 0;
    err:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return result;
    }
    
    /* Make sure that datlen bytes are available for writing in the last two
     * chains.  Never copies or moves data. */
    int
    _evbuffer_expand_fast(struct evbuffer *buf, size_t datlen)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain = buf->last, *tmp;
    	size_t avail, avail_in_prev = 0;
    
            ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(buf);
    
    	if (chain == NULL || (chain->flags & EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE)) {
    		chain = evbuffer_chain_new(datlen);
    		if (chain == NULL)
    			return (-1);
    
    		evbuffer_chain_insert(buf, chain);
    		return (0);
    	}
    
    	/* How many bytes can we stick at the end of chain? */
    
    	if (chain->off) {
    		avail = chain->buffer_len - (chain->off + chain->misalign);
    		avail_in_prev = 0;
    	} else {
    		/* No data in chain; realign it. */
    		chain->misalign = 0;
    		avail = chain->buffer_len;
    		/* Can we stick some data in the penultimate chain? */
    		if (buf->previous_to_last) {
    			struct evbuffer_chain *prev = buf->previous_to_last;
    			avail_in_prev = CHAIN_SPACE_LEN(prev);
    		}
    	}
    
    	/* If we can fit all the data, then we don't have to do anything */
    	if (avail+avail_in_prev >= datlen)
    		return (0);
    
    	/* Otherwise, we need a bigger chunk. */
    	if (chain->off == 0) {
    		/* If there are no bytes on this chain, free it and
    		   replace it with a better one. */
    		/* XXX round up. */
    		tmp = evbuffer_chain_new(datlen-avail_in_prev);
    		if (tmp == NULL)
    			return -1;
    		/* XXX write functions to in new chains */
    		if (buf->first == chain)
    			buf->first = tmp;
    		if (buf->previous_to_last)
    			buf->previous_to_last->next = tmp;
    		buf->last = tmp;
    		evbuffer_chain_free(chain);
    
    	} else {
    		/* Add a new chunk big enough to hold what won't fit
    		 * in chunk. */
    		/*XXX round this up. */
    		tmp = evbuffer_chain_new(datlen-avail);
    		if (tmp == NULL)
    			return (-1);
    
    		buf->previous_to_last = chain;
    		chain->next = tmp;
    		buf->last = tmp;
    	}
    
    	return (0);
    }
    
    /*
     * Reads data from a file descriptor into a buffer.
     */
    
    #if defined(_EVENT_HAVE_SYS_UIO_H) || defined(WIN32)
    #define USE_IOVEC_IMPL
    #endif
    
    #ifdef USE_IOVEC_IMPL
    
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SYS_UIO_H
    /* number of iovec we use for writev, fragmentation is going to determine
     * how much we end up writing */
    #define NUM_IOVEC 128
    #define IOV_TYPE struct iovec
    #define IOV_PTR_FIELD iov_base
    #define IOV_LEN_FIELD iov_len
    #else
    #define NUM_IOVEC 16
    #define IOV_TYPE WSABUF
    #define IOV_PTR_FIELD buf
    #define IOV_LEN_FIELD len
    #endif
    #endif
    
    #define EVBUFFER_MAX_READ	4096
    
    #ifdef USE_IOVEC_IMPL
    /** Helper function to figure out which space to use for reading data into
        an evbuffer.  Internal use only.
    
        @param buf The buffer to read into
        @param howmuch How much we want to read.
        @param vecs An array of two iovecs or WSABUFs.
        @param chainp A pointer to a variable to hold the first chain we're
          reading into.
        @return The number of buffers we're using.
     */
    int
    _evbuffer_read_setup_vecs(struct evbuffer *buf, ssize_t howmuch,
        IOV_TYPE *vecs, struct evbuffer_chain **chainp)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
    	int nvecs;
    
    	chain = buf->last;
    
    	if (chain->off == 0 && buf->previous_to_last &&
    	    CHAIN_SPACE_LEN(buf->previous_to_last)) {
    		/* The last chain is empty, so it's safe to
    		   use the space in the next-to-last chain.
    		*/
    		struct evbuffer_chain *prev = buf->previous_to_last;
    		vecs[0].IOV_PTR_FIELD = CHAIN_SPACE_PTR(prev);
    		vecs[0].IOV_LEN_FIELD = CHAIN_SPACE_LEN(prev);
    		vecs[1].IOV_PTR_FIELD = CHAIN_SPACE_PTR(chain);
    		vecs[1].IOV_LEN_FIELD = CHAIN_SPACE_LEN(chain);
    		if (vecs[0].IOV_LEN_FIELD >= howmuch) {
    			/* The next-to-last chain has enough
    			 * space on its own. */
    			nvecs = 1;
    		} else {
    			/* We'll need both chains. */
    			nvecs = 2;
    			if (vecs[0].IOV_LEN_FIELD + vecs[1].IOV_LEN_FIELD > howmuch) {
    				vecs[1].IOV_LEN_FIELD = howmuch - vecs[0].IOV_LEN_FIELD;
    			}
    		}
    	} else {
    		/* There's data in the last chain, so we're
    		 * not allowed to use the next-to-last. */
    		nvecs = 1;
    		vecs[0].IOV_PTR_FIELD = CHAIN_SPACE_PTR(chain);
    		vecs[0].IOV_LEN_FIELD = CHAIN_SPACE_LEN(chain);
    		if (vecs[0].IOV_LEN_FIELD > howmuch)
    			vecs[0].IOV_LEN_FIELD = howmuch;
    	}
    
    	*chainp = chain;
    	return nvecs;
    }
    #endif
    
    /* TODO(niels): should this function return ssize_t and take ssize_t
     * as howmuch? */
    int
    evbuffer_read(struct evbuffer *buf, evutil_socket_t fd, int howmuch)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain = buf->last;
    	int n = EVBUFFER_MAX_READ;
            int result;
    
    #ifdef USE_IOVEC_IMPL
    	int nvecs;
    #else
    	unsigned char *p;
    #endif
    #if defined(FIONREAD) && defined(WIN32)
    	long lng = n;
    #endif
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	if (buf->freeze_end) {
    		result = -1;
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    #if defined(FIONREAD)
    #ifdef WIN32
    	if (ioctlsocket(fd, FIONREAD, &lng) == -1 || (n=lng) == 0) {
    #else
    	if (ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, &n) == -1 || n == 0) {
    #endif
    		n = EVBUFFER_MAX_READ;
    	} else if (n > EVBUFFER_MAX_READ && n > howmuch) {
    		/*
    		 * It's possible that a lot of data is available for
    		 * reading.  We do not want to exhaust resources
    		 * before the reader has a chance to do something
    		 * about it.  If the reader does not tell us how much
    		 * data we should read, we artifically limit it.
    		 */
    		if (chain == NULL || n < EVBUFFER_MAX_READ)
    			n = EVBUFFER_MAX_READ;
    		else if (n > chain->buffer_len << 2)
    			n = chain->buffer_len << 2;
    	}
    #endif
    	if (howmuch < 0 || howmuch > n)
    		howmuch = n;
    
    #ifdef USE_IOVEC_IMPL
    	/* Since we can use iovecs, we're willing to use the last
    	 * _two_ chains. */
    	if (_evbuffer_expand_fast(buf, howmuch) == -1) {
                    result = -1;
                    goto done;
    	} else {
    		IOV_TYPE vecs[2];
    		nvecs = _evbuffer_read_setup_vecs(buf, howmuch, vecs,
    		    &chain);
    
    #ifdef WIN32
    		{
    			DWORD bytesRead;
    			DWORD flags=0;
    			if (WSARecv(fd, vecs, nvecs, &bytesRead, &flags, NULL, NULL)) {
    				/* The read failed. It might be a close,
    				 * or it might be an error. */
    				if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAECONNABORTED)
    					n = 0;
    				else
    					n = -1;
    			} else
    				n = bytesRead;
    		}
    #else
    		n = readv(fd, vecs, nvecs);
    #endif
    	}
    
    #else /*!USE_IOVEC_IMPL*/
    	/* If we don't have FIONREAD, we might waste some space here */
    	/* XXX we _will_ waste some space here if there is any space left
    	 * over on buf->last. */
    	if (evbuffer_expand(buf, howmuch) == -1) {
    		result = -1;
                    goto done;
            }
    
    	chain = buf->last;
    
    	/* We can append new data at this point */
    	p = chain->buffer + chain->misalign + chain->off;
    
    #ifndef WIN32
    	n = read(fd, p, howmuch);
    #else
    	n = recv(fd, p, howmuch, 0);
    #endif
    #endif /* USE_IOVEC_IMPL */
    
    	if (n == -1) {
    		result = -1;
                    goto done;
            }
    	if (n == 0) {
    		result = 0;
                    goto done;
            }
    
    #ifdef USE_IOVEC_IMPL
    	if (nvecs == 2) {
    		size_t space = CHAIN_SPACE_LEN(buf->previous_to_last);
            		if (space < n) {
    			buf->previous_to_last->off += space;
    			chain->off += n-space;
    		} else {
    			buf->previous_to_last->off += n;
    		}
    	} else {
    		chain->off += n;
    	}
    #else
    	chain->off += n;
    #endif
    	buf->total_len += n;
            buf->n_add_for_cb += n;
    
    	/* Tell someone about changes in this buffer */
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(buf);
            result = n;
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return result;
    }
    
    #ifdef USE_IOVEC_IMPL
    static inline int
    evbuffer_write_iovec(struct evbuffer *buffer, evutil_socket_t fd,
    ssize_t howmuch)
    {
    	IOV_TYPE iov[NUM_IOVEC];
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain = buffer->first;
    	int n, i = 0;
    
            ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(buffer);
    	/* XXX make this top out at some maximal data length?  if the
    	 * buffer has (say) 1MB in it, split over 128 chains, there's
    	 * no way it all gets written in one go. */
    	while (chain != NULL && i < NUM_IOVEC && howmuch) {
    #ifdef USE_SENDFILE
    		/* we cannot write the file info via writev */
    		if (chain->flags & EVBUFFER_SENDFILE)
    			break;
    #endif
    		iov[i].IOV_PTR_FIELD = chain->buffer + chain->misalign;
    		if (howmuch >= chain->off) {
    			iov[i++].IOV_LEN_FIELD = chain->off;
    			howmuch -= chain->off;
    		} else {
    			iov[i++].IOV_LEN_FIELD = howmuch;
    			break;
    		}
    		chain = chain->next;
    	}
    #ifdef WIN32
    	{
    		DWORD bytesSent;
    		if (WSASend(fd, iov, i, &bytesSent, 0, NULL, NULL))
    			n = -1;
    		else
    			n = bytesSent;
    	}
    #else
    	n = writev(fd, iov, i);
    #endif
    	return (n);
    }
    #endif
    
    #ifdef USE_SENDFILE
    static inline int
    evbuffer_write_sendfile(struct evbuffer *buffer, evutil_socket_t fd,
        ssize_t howmuch)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain = buffer->first;
    	struct evbuffer_chain_fd *info =
    	    EVBUFFER_CHAIN_EXTRA(struct evbuffer_chain_fd, chain);
    #ifdef SENDFILE_IS_FREEBSD
    	int res;
    	off_t len = chain->off;
    #elif SENDFILE_IS_LINUX
    	ssize_t res;
    	off_t offset = chain->misalign;
    #endif
    
            ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(buffer);
    
    #ifdef SENDFILE_IS_FREEBSD
    	res = sendfile(info->fd, fd, chain->misalign, &len, NULL, 0);
    	if (res == -1 && !EVUTIL_ERR_RW_RETRIABLE(errno))
    		return (-1);
    
    	return (len);
    #elif SENDFILE_IS_LINUX
    	/* TODO(niels): implement splice */
    	res = sendfile(fd, info->fd, &offset, chain->off);
    	if (res == -1 && EVUTIL_ERR_RW_RETRIABLE(errno)) {
    		/* if this is EGAIN or EINTR return 0; otherwise, -1 */
    		return (0);
    	}
    	return (res);
    #endif
    }
    #endif
    
    int
    evbuffer_write_atmost(struct evbuffer *buffer, evutil_socket_t fd,
        ssize_t howmuch)
    {
    	int n = -1;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	if (buffer->freeze_start) {
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	if (howmuch < 0)
    		howmuch = buffer->total_len;
    
    	{
    #ifdef USE_SENDFILE
    		struct evbuffer_chain *chain = buffer->first;
    		if (chain != NULL && (chain->flags & EVBUFFER_SENDFILE))
    			n = evbuffer_write_sendfile(buffer, fd, howmuch);
    		else
    #endif
    #ifdef USE_IOVEC_IMPL
    		n = evbuffer_write_iovec(buffer, fd, howmuch);
    #elif defined(WIN32)
    		/* XXX(nickm) Don't disable this code until we know if
    		 * the WSARecv code above works. */
    		void *p = evbuffer_pullup(buffer, howmuch);
    		n = send(fd, p, howmuch, 0);
    #else
    		void *p = evbuffer_pullup(buffer, howmuch);
    		n = write(fd, p, howmuch);
    #endif
    	}
    
            if (n > 0)
                    evbuffer_drain(buffer, n);
    
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return (n);
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_write(struct evbuffer *buffer, evutil_socket_t fd)
    {
    	return evbuffer_write_atmost(buffer, fd, -1);
    }
    
    unsigned char *
    evbuffer_find(struct evbuffer *buffer, const unsigned char *what, size_t len)
    {
            unsigned char *search;
            struct evbuffer_ptr ptr;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
            ptr = evbuffer_search(buffer, (const char *)what, len, NULL);
            if (ptr.pos < 0) {
                    search = NULL;
            } else {
                    search = evbuffer_pullup(buffer, ptr.pos + len);
    		if (search)
    			search += ptr.pos;
            }
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer,EVTHREAD_WRITE);
            return search;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_ptr_set(struct evbuffer *buf, struct evbuffer_ptr *pos,
        size_t position, enum evbuffer_ptr_how how)
    {
            size_t left = position;
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain = NULL;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_READ);
    
    	switch (how) {
    	case EVBUFFER_PTR_SET:
    		chain = buf->first;
    		pos->pos = position;
    		position = 0;
    		break;
    	case EVBUFFER_PTR_ADD:
    		/* this avoids iterating over all previous chains if
    		   we just want to advance the position */
    		chain = pos->_internal.chain;
    		pos->pos += position;
    		position = pos->_internal.pos_in_chain;
    		break;
    	}
    
    	while (chain && position + left >= chain->off) {
    		left -= chain->off - position;
    		chain = chain->next;
    		position = 0;
    	}
    	if (chain) {
    		pos->_internal.chain = chain;
    		pos->_internal.pos_in_chain = position + left;
    	} else {
    		pos->_internal.chain = NULL;
    		pos->pos = -1;
    	}
    
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_READ);
    
    	return chain != NULL ? 0 : -1;
    }
    
    /**
       Compare the bytes in buf at position pos to the len bytes in mem.  Return
       less than 0, 0, or greater than 0 as memcmp.
     */
    static int
    evbuffer_ptr_memcmp(const struct evbuffer *buf, const struct evbuffer_ptr *pos,
        const char *mem, size_t len)
    {
            struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
            size_t position;
            int r;
    
            ASSERT_EVBUFFER_LOCKED(buf);
    
            if (pos->pos + len > buf->total_len)
                    return -1;
    
            chain = pos->_internal.chain;
            position = pos->_internal.pos_in_chain;
            while (len && chain) {
                    size_t n_comparable;
                    if (len + position > chain->off)
                            n_comparable = chain->off - position;
                    else
                            n_comparable = len;
                    r = memcmp(chain->buffer + chain->misalign + position, mem,
                        n_comparable);
                    if (r)
                            return r;
                    mem += n_comparable;
                    len -= n_comparable;
                    position = 0;
                    chain = chain->next;
            }
    
            return 0;
    }
    
    struct evbuffer_ptr
    evbuffer_search(struct evbuffer *buffer, const char *what, size_t len, const struct evbuffer_ptr *start)
    {
            struct evbuffer_ptr pos;
            struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
    	const unsigned char *p;
            char first;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_READ);
    
            if (start) {
                    memcpy(&pos, start, sizeof(pos));
                    chain = pos._internal.chain;
            } else {
                    pos.pos = 0;
                    chain = pos._internal.chain = buffer->first;
                    pos._internal.pos_in_chain = 0;
            }
    
            if (!len)
                    goto done;
    
            first = what[0];
    
            while (chain) {
                    const unsigned char *start_at =
                        chain->buffer + chain->misalign +
                        pos._internal.pos_in_chain;
                    p = memchr(start_at, first,
                        chain->off - pos._internal.pos_in_chain);
                    if (p) {
                            pos.pos += p - start_at;
                            pos._internal.pos_in_chain += p - start_at;
                            if (!evbuffer_ptr_memcmp(buffer, &pos, what, len))
                                    goto done;
                            ++pos.pos;
                            ++pos._internal.pos_in_chain;
                            if (pos._internal.pos_in_chain == chain->off) {
                                    chain = pos._internal.chain = chain->next;
                                    pos._internal.pos_in_chain = 0;
                            }
                    } else {
                            pos.pos += chain->off - pos._internal.pos_in_chain;
                            chain = pos._internal.chain = chain->next;
                            pos._internal.pos_in_chain = 0;
                    }
            }
    
            pos.pos = -1;
            pos._internal.chain = NULL;
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_READ);
            return pos;
    }
    
    
    int
    evbuffer_add_vprintf(struct evbuffer *buf, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
    {
    	char *buffer;
    	size_t space;
    	int sz, result = -1;
    	va_list aq;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	if (buf->freeze_end) {
    		goto done;
    	}
    
    	/* make sure that at least some space is available */
    	if (evbuffer_expand(buf, 64) == -1)
    		goto done;
    
    	for (;;) {
    		struct evbuffer_chain *chain = buf->last;
    		size_t used = chain->misalign + chain->off;
    		buffer = (char *)chain->buffer + chain->misalign + chain->off;
    		assert(chain->buffer_len >= used);
    		space = chain->buffer_len - used;
    
    #ifndef va_copy
    #define	va_copy(dst, src)	memcpy(&(dst), &(src), sizeof(va_list))
    #endif
    		va_copy(aq, ap);
    
    		sz = evutil_vsnprintf(buffer, space, fmt, aq);
    
    		va_end(aq);
    
    		if (sz < 0)
    			goto done;
    		if (sz < space) {
    			chain->off += sz;
    			buf->total_len += sz;
                            buf->n_add_for_cb += sz;
    
    			evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(buf);
    			result = sz;
                            goto done;
    		}
    		if (evbuffer_expand(buf, sz + 1) == -1)
                            goto done;
            }
    	/* NOTREACHED */
    
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
            return result;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_add_printf(struct evbuffer *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
    {
    	int res = -1;
    	va_list ap;
    
    	va_start(ap, fmt);
    	res = evbuffer_add_vprintf(buf, fmt, ap);
    	va_end(ap);
    
    	return (res);
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_add_reference(struct evbuffer *outbuf,
        const void *data, size_t datlen,
        void (*cleanupfn)(void *extra), void *extra)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
    	struct evbuffer_chain_reference *info;
    	int result = -1;
    
    	chain = evbuffer_chain_new(sizeof(struct evbuffer_chain_reference));
    	if (!chain)
    		return (-1);
    	chain->flags |= EVBUFFER_REFERENCE | EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE;
    	chain->buffer = (u_char *)data;
    	chain->buffer_len = datlen;
    	chain->off = datlen;
    
    	info = EVBUFFER_CHAIN_EXTRA(struct evbuffer_chain_reference, chain);
    	info->cleanupfn = cleanupfn;
    	info->extra = extra;
    
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(outbuf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	if (outbuf->freeze_end) {
    		/* don't call chain_free; we do not want to actually invoke
    		 * the cleanup function */
    		mm_free(chain);
    		goto done;
    	}
    	evbuffer_chain_insert(outbuf, chain);
            outbuf->n_add_for_cb += datlen;
    
    	evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(outbuf);
    
    	result = 0;
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(outbuf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	return result;
    }
    
    /* TODO(niels): maybe we don't want to own the fd, however, in that
     * case, we should dup it - dup is cheap.  Perhaps, we should use a
     * callback insead?
     */
    /* TODO(niels): we may want to add to automagically convert to mmap, in
     * case evbuffer_remove() or evbuffer_pullup() are being used.
     */
    int
    evbuffer_add_file(struct evbuffer *outbuf, int fd,
        off_t offset, size_t length)
    {
    #if defined(USE_SENDFILE) || defined(_EVENT_HAVE_MMAP)
    	struct evbuffer_chain *chain;
    	struct evbuffer_chain_fd *info;
    #endif
    	int ok = 1;
    
    #if defined(USE_SENDFILE)
    	if (use_sendfile) {
    		chain = evbuffer_chain_new(sizeof(struct evbuffer_chain_fd));
    		if (chain == NULL) {
    			event_warn("%s: out of memory\n", __func__);
    			return (-1);
    		}
    
    		chain->flags |= EVBUFFER_SENDFILE | EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE;
    		chain->buffer = NULL;	/* no reading possible */
    		chain->buffer_len = length + offset;
    		chain->off = length;
    		chain->misalign = offset;
    
    		info = EVBUFFER_CHAIN_EXTRA(struct evbuffer_chain_fd, chain);
    		info->fd = fd;
    
                    EVBUFFER_LOCK(outbuf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    		if (outbuf->freeze_end) {
    			mm_free(chain);
    			ok = 0;
    		} else {
    			outbuf->n_add_for_cb += length;
    			evbuffer_chain_insert(outbuf, chain);
    		}
    	} else
    #endif
    #if defined(_EVENT_HAVE_MMAP)
    	if (use_mmap) {
    		void *mapped = mmap(NULL, length + offset, PROT_READ,
    #ifdef MAP_NOCACHE
    		    MAP_NOCACHE |
    #endif
    		    MAP_FILE | MAP_PRIVATE,
    		    fd, 0);
    		/* some mmap implementations require offset to be a multiple of
    		 * the page size.  most users of this api, are likely to use 0
    		 * so mapping everything is not likely to be a problem.
    		 * TODO(niels): determine page size and round offset to that
    		 * page size to avoid mapping too much memory.
    		 */
    		if (mapped == MAP_FAILED) {
    			event_warn("%s: mmap(%d, %d, %zu) failed",
    			    __func__, fd, 0, (size_t)(offset + length));
    			return (-1);
    		}
    		chain = evbuffer_chain_new(sizeof(struct evbuffer_chain_fd));
    		if (chain == NULL) {
    			event_warn("%s: out of memory\n", __func__);
    			munmap(mapped, length);
    			return (-1);
    		}
    
    		chain->flags |= EVBUFFER_MMAP | EVBUFFER_IMMUTABLE;
    		chain->buffer = mapped;
    		chain->buffer_len = length + offset;
    		chain->off = length + offset;
    
    		info = EVBUFFER_CHAIN_EXTRA(struct evbuffer_chain_fd, chain);
    		info->fd = fd;
    
                    EVBUFFER_LOCK(outbuf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    		if (outbuf->freeze_end) {
    			info->fd = -1;
    			evbuffer_chain_free(chain);
    			ok = 0;
    		} else {
    			outbuf->n_add_for_cb += length;
    
    			evbuffer_chain_insert(outbuf, chain);
    
    			/* we need to subtract whatever we don't need */
    			evbuffer_drain(outbuf, offset);
    		}
    	} else
    #endif
    	{
    		/* the default implementation */
    		struct evbuffer *tmp = evbuffer_new();
    		ssize_t read;
    
    		if (tmp == NULL)
    			return (-1);
    
    		if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
    			evbuffer_free(tmp);
    			return (-1);
    		}
    
    		/* we add everything to a temporary buffer, so that we
    		 * can abort without side effects if the read fails.
    		 */
    		while (length) {
    			read = evbuffer_read(tmp, fd, length);
    			if (read == -1) {
    				evbuffer_free(tmp);
    				return (-1);
    			}
    
    			length -= read;
    		}
    
                    EVBUFFER_LOCK(outbuf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    		if (outbuf->freeze_end) {
    			evbuffer_free(tmp);
    			ok = 0;
    		} else {
    			evbuffer_add_buffer(outbuf, tmp);
    			evbuffer_free(tmp);
    
    			close(fd);
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (ok)
    		evbuffer_invoke_callbacks(outbuf);
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(outbuf, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	return ok ? 0 : -1;
    }
    
    
    void
    evbuffer_setcb(struct evbuffer *buffer, evbuffer_cb cb, void *cbarg)
    {
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    
    	if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&buffer->callbacks))
    		evbuffer_remove_all_callbacks(buffer);
    
    	if (cb) {
                    struct evbuffer_cb_entry *ent =
                        evbuffer_add_cb(buffer, NULL, cbarg);
                    ent->cb.cb_obsolete = cb;
                    ent->flags |= EVBUFFER_CB_OBSOLETE;
            }
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    }
    
    struct evbuffer_cb_entry *
    evbuffer_add_cb(struct evbuffer *buffer, evbuffer_cb_func cb, void *cbarg)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_cb_entry *e;
    	if (! (e = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct evbuffer_cb_entry))))
    		return NULL;
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	e->cb.cb_func = cb;
    	e->cbarg = cbarg;
    	e->flags = EVBUFFER_CB_ENABLED;
    	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&buffer->callbacks, e, next);
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return e;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_remove_cb_entry(struct evbuffer *buffer,
    			 struct evbuffer_cb_entry *ent)
    {
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	TAILQ_REMOVE(&buffer->callbacks, ent, next);
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	mm_free(ent);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_remove_cb(struct evbuffer *buffer, evbuffer_cb_func cb, void *cbarg)
    {
    	struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cbent;
            int result = -1;
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	TAILQ_FOREACH(cbent, &buffer->callbacks, next) {
    		if (cb == cbent->cb.cb_func && cbarg == cbent->cbarg) {
    			result = evbuffer_remove_cb_entry(buffer, cbent);
                            goto done;
    		}
    	}
    done:
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return result;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_cb_set_flags(struct evbuffer *buffer,
    		      struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cb, ev_uint32_t flags)
    {
            EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	cb->flags = (cb->flags & EVBUFFER_CB_INTERNAL_FLAGS) | flags;
            EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_freeze(struct evbuffer *buffer, int start)
    {
    	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	if (start)
    		buffer->freeze_start = 1;
    	else
    		buffer->freeze_end = 1;
    	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int
    evbuffer_unfreeze(struct evbuffer *buffer, int start)
    {
    	EVBUFFER_LOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	if (start)
    		buffer->freeze_start = 0;
    	else
    		buffer->freeze_end = 0;
    	EVBUFFER_UNLOCK(buffer, EVTHREAD_WRITE);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    #if 0
    void
    evbuffer_cb_suspend(struct evbuffer *buffer, struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cb)
    {
    	if (!(cb->flags & EVBUFFER_CB_SUSPENDED)) {
    		cb->size_before_suspend = evbuffer_get_length(buffer);
    		cb->flags |= EVBUFFER_CB_SUSPENDED;
    	}
    }
    
    void
    evbuffer_cb_unsuspend(struct evbuffer *buffer, struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cb)
    {
    	if ((cb->flags & EVBUFFER_CB_SUSPENDED)) {
    		unsigned call = (cb->flags & EVBUFFER_CB_CALL_ON_UNSUSPEND);
    		size_t sz = cb->size_before_suspend;
    		cb->flags &= ~(EVBUFFER_CB_SUSPENDED|
    			       EVBUFFER_CB_CALL_ON_UNSUSPEND);
    		cb->size_before_suspend = 0;
    		if (call && (cb->flags & EVBUFFER_CB_ENABLED)) {
    			cb->cb(buffer, sz, evbuffer_get_length(buffer), cb->cbarg);
    		}
    	}
    }
    #endif