closures.c

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Hash : 2687cfc5
Author :
Date : 2023-02-02T09:10:00

Add wasm32 emscripten support (#763)

* added build script

* Apply libffi-emscripten patch

* Some changes to wasm32/ffi.c

* Remove exit(0); from test suites

* Fix LONGDOUBLE argument type

* Use more macros in ffi.c

* Use switch statements instead of if chains

* Implemented struct args

* Finish struct implementation

* Partially working closures

* Got closures working (most of closures test suite passes)

* Revert changes to test suite

* Update .gitignore

* Apply code formatter

* Use stackSave and stackRestore rather than directly adjusting stack pointer

* Add missing break

* Fix visibility of ffi_closure_alloc and ffi_closure_free

* Fix FFI_TYPE_STRUCT and FFI_TYPE_LONGDOUBLE when WASM_BIGINT is not used
sig needs to be vi here for FFI_TYPE_STRUCT and FFI_TYPE_LONGDOUBLE, noticed this while running the test suite without WASM_BIGINT support.

* Always use dynCall rather than direct wasmTable lookup (function pointer cast emulation changes dynCall)

* Prevent closures.c from duplicating symbols

* Try to set up CI

* Add test with bigint

* Make test methods static

* Remove BigInt shorthand because it messes up terser

* Add selenium tests

* Update tests a bit to try to make CI work

* WASM_BIGINT is a linker flag not a compile flag

* Finish getting CI working (#1)

* update gitignore

* Avoid adding "use strict;" to generated JS

This should be controlled by -s STRICT_JS in Emscripten.

* Make JavaScript ES5 compliant

* Remove redundant EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS settings

* Fix definition of DEREF_I16

* Avoid marshalling FFI_TYPE_LONGDOUBLE when WASM_BIGINT is not used

* Add missing FFI_TYPE_STRUCT signature

* Improve test scripts

* Remove redundant EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS settings

* Add missing EOL

* Add struct unpacking tests

* Update ci config to try to actually use WASM_BIGINT

* Revert "Avoid marshalling FFI_TYPE_LONGDOUBLE when WASM_BIGINT is not used"

This reverts commit 61bd5a3e20891623715604581b6e872ab3dfab80.

* Fix single_entry_structs tests

* Fix return from closure call

* Fix 64 bit return from closures

* only allocate as much space on stack for return pointer as needed

* Revert "only allocate as much space on stack for return pointer as needed"

This reverts commit e54a30faea3803e7ac33eed191bde9e573850fc1.

* xfail two tests

* Fix err_bad_abi test

* Remove test logging junk

* Try to set up long double marshalling for closures

* xfail err_bad_abi

* Fix reference errors in previous commit

* Add missing argument pointer assignment

* Fix signature of function pointer in cls_dbls_struct

* Fix longdouble argument

* Try some changes to bigint handling

* Fix BigInt handling

* Fix cls_longdouble test

* Fix long double closure arg with no WASM_BIGINT

* Use EM_JS to factor out js helpers

* Support for varargs closure calls

* Fix varargs calls

* Fix err_bad_abi test

* Fix typo in previous commit

* Add more assertions to closures test suite

* Fix some asserts

* Add assertions to a few more tests

* Fix some tests

* Fix more floating point assertions

* Update more tests

* Var args for ffi_call

* Don't do node tests

* Macro for allocating on stack

* Add some comments, simplify struct handling

* Try again to fix varargs calls, add comments

* Consolidate WASM_BIGINT conditionals into LOAD_U64 and STORE_U64 macros

* A bit of cleanup

* Fix another typo

* Some fixes to the testsuite

* Another testsuite fix

* Fix varags with closures?

* Another attempt at getting closure varargs to work

* sig is initialized later

* Allow libffi.closures tests to be run

* Improve build script

* Remove redundant semicolons

* Fix a few libffi.closures test failures

* Cleanup

* Legacy dynCall API is no longer used

* Fix FFI_TYPE_LONGDOUBLE offset

* xfail 2 tests for WASM

- closure_loc_fn0; not applicable -- codeloc doesn't point to closure.
- huge_struct; function signature too long.

* Revert some redundant dg-output/printf statements

Helps Node.

* Revert "Don't do node tests"

This reverts commit a341ef4b.

* Fix assertions in cls_24byte

* More tiny formating fixes to test suite

* Revert "Revert "Don't do node tests""

This reverts commit 7722e685ea04e2420e042886816d8c4dd31f5dcb.

* Fix 64 bit returns when WASM_BIGINT is absent

* Fix print statement in cls_24byte

* Add CALL_FUNC_PTR macro to allow pyodide to define custom calling behavior to handle fpcast

* Update single_entry_structs tests

* More explanations

* Fix compile error in last commit

* Add more support for pyodide fpcast emulation, update CI to try to test it

* Clone via https

* Fix path to pyodide emsdk_env

* Add asserts to the rest of the test suite

* Fix test compile errors

* Fix some tests

* Fix cls_ulonglong

* Fix alignment of <4 byte args

* fix cls_ulonglong again

* Use snprintf instead of sprintf

* Should assert than strncmp returned 0

* Fix va_struct1 and va_struct3

* Change double and long double tests

These tests are failing because of a strange bug with prinft and doubles, but I am not convinced
it necessarily has anything to do with libffi. This version casts the double to int before printing it and avoids the issue

* Enable node tests

* Revert "Change double and long double tests"

This reverts commit 8f3ff89c6577dc99564181cd9974f2f1ba21f1e9.

* Fix PYODIDE_FPCAST flag

* add conftest.py back in

* Fix emcc error: setting `EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS` expects `<class 'list'>` but got `<class 'str'>`

See discussion on https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide/pull/1596

* Remove test.html

* Remove duplicate test file

* More changes from upstream

* Fix some whitespace

* Add some basic debug logging statements

* Reapply libffi.exp changes

* Don't build docs (#7)

Works around build issue makeinfo: command not found.

* Update long double alignment

Emscripten 2.0.26 reduces the aligmnet of long double to 8. Quoting
from `ChangeLog.md`:

> The alignment of `long double`, which is a 128-bit floating-point
> value implemented in software, is reduced from 16 to 8. The lower
> alignment allows `max_align_t` to properly match the alignment we
> use for malloc, which is 8 (raising malloc's alignment to achieve
> correctness the other way would come with a performance regression).
> (#10072)

* Update long double alignment

Emscripten 2.0.26 reduces the aligmnet of long double to 8. Quoting
from `ChangeLog.md`:

> The alignment of `long double`, which is a 128-bit floating-point
> value implemented in software, is reduced from 16 to 8. The lower
> alignment allows `max_align_t` to properly match the alignment we
> use for malloc, which is 8 (raising malloc's alignment to achieve
> correctness the other way would come with a performance regression).
> (#10072)

* Improve error handling a bit (#8)

* Fix handling of signed arguments to ffi_call (#11)

* Fix struct argument handling in ffi_call (#10)

* Remove fpcast emulation tests

* Align the stack to MAX_ALIGN before making call (#12)

* Increase MAX_ARGS

* Cleanup (#14)

* Fix Closure compiler error with -sASSERTIONS=1 (#15)

* Remove function pointer cast emulation (#13)

This reverts commit 593b402 and cbc54da, as it's no longer needed
after PR pyodide/pyodide#2019.

* Prefer the `__EMSCRIPTEN__` definition over `EMSCRIPTEN` (#18)

"The preprocessor define EMSCRIPTEN is deprecated. Don't pass it to code
in strict mode. Code should use the define __EMSCRIPTEN__ instead."
https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/blob/84a634167a1cd9e8c47d37a559688153a4ceace6/emcc.py#L887-L890

* Install autoconf 2.71

* Try again with installing autoconf 2.71

* Fix compatibility with Emscripten 3.1.28

* CI: remove use of `EM_CONFIG` env

See commit:
https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/commit/3d87d5ea8143b3636f872fb05b896eb4a19a070b

* Fix cls_multi_schar: cast rest_call to signed char

* Remove test xfails (#17)

* Fix long double when used as a varargs argument

* Enable unwindtest and fix it

* Add EM_JS_DEPS

* Also require convertJsFunctionToWasm

* Run tests very very verbose

* Echo the .emscripten file

* Remove --experimental-wasm-bigint insertion

* Build with assertions

* Move verbosity flags back out of LDFLAGS

* Remove debug print statement

* Use up to date pyodide docker image

* Explicitly cast res_call to fix test failure

* Put back name of main function in cls_longdouble_va.c

* Fix alignment

The stack pointer apparently needs to be aligned to 16. There were
some terrible subtle bugs caused by not respecting this. stackAlloc
knows that the stack should be 16 aligned, so we can use stackAlloc(0)
to enforce this. This way if alignment requirements change, as long
as Emscripten updates stackAlloc to continue to enforce them we should
be okay.

* Fix handling of systems with no Js bigint integration

When we run the node tests we use node v14 tests (since node v14 is
vendored with Emscripten). Node v14 has no Js bigint integration
unless the --experimental-wasm-bigint flag is passed. So only the
node tests really notice if we get this right. Turns out, it didn't
work. We can't call a JavaScript function with 64 bit integer arguments
without bigint integration.

In ffi_call, we are trying to call a wasm function that takes 64 bit
integer arguments. dynCall is designed to do this. We need to go back
to tracking the signature when we don't have WASM_BIGINT, and then use
dynCall. This works better now that emscripten can dynamically fill in
extra dynCall wrappers:
https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/17328

On the other hand, for the closures we are not getting a function pointer
as a first argument. We need to make our own wasm legalizer adaptor that
splits 64 bit integer arguments and then calls the JavaScript trampoline,
then the JavaScript trampoline reassembles them, calls the closure, then
splits the result (if it's a 64 bit integer) and the adaptor puts it back
together.

* Improvements to emscripten test shell scripts (#21)

This fixes the C++ unwinding tests and makes other minor improvements
to the Emscripten test shell scripts.

* Rename the test folder and move test files into emscripten test folder

* Use docker image that has autoconf-2.71

* Cleanup

* Pin emscripten 3.1.30

* Fix build.sh path

* Rearrange ci pipeline

* Fix bpo_38748 test

* Cleanup

* Improvements to comments, add static asserts, and update copyright

* Use `*_js` instead of `*_helper` for EM_JS functions (#22)

* Minor code simplification

* Xfail first dejagnu test to work around emscripten cache messages

See https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/18607

* Remove unneeded xfails

* Shorten conftest.py by using pytest-pyodide

* Apply formatters and linters to emscripten directory

* Fix Emscripten xfail hack

* Fix build-tests script

* Patch emscripten to quiet info messages

* Clean up compiler flags in scripts and remove some settings from circleci config

* Rename emscripten quiet script

* Add missing export

* Don't remove go.exp

* Add reference to emscripten logging issue

---------

Co-authored-by: Kleis Auke Wolthuizen <info@kleisauke.nl>
Co-authored-by: Kleis Auke Wolthuizen <github@kleisauke.nl>
Co-authored-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

Download

src/closures.c

/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------
   closures.c - Copyright (c) 2019, 2022 Anthony Green
                Copyright (c) 2007, 2009, 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
                Copyright (C) 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc
                Copyright (c) 2011 Plausible Labs Cooperative, Inc.

   Code to allocate and deallocate memory for closures.

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
   ``Software''), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
   the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
   in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
   NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
   HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
   WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
   OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
   DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
   ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#if (defined __linux__ || defined __CYGWIN__) && !defined _GNU_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
#endif

#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__

#include <fficonfig.h>
#include <ffi.h>
#include <ffi_common.h>
#include <tramp.h>

#ifdef __NetBSD__
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif

#if __NetBSD_Version__ - 0 >= 799007200
/* NetBSD with PROT_MPROTECT */
#include <sys/mman.h>

#include <stddef.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#ifdef  HAVE_SYS_MEMFD_H
#include <sys/memfd.h>
#endif

static const size_t overhead =
  (sizeof(max_align_t) > sizeof(void *) + sizeof(size_t)) ?
    sizeof(max_align_t)
    : sizeof(void *) + sizeof(size_t);

#define ADD_TO_POINTER(p, d) ((void *)((uintptr_t)(p) + (d)))

void *
ffi_closure_alloc (size_t size, void **code)
{
  static size_t page_size;
  size_t rounded_size;
  void *codeseg, *dataseg;
  int prot;

  /* Expect that PAX mprotect is active and a separate code mapping is necessary. */
  if (!code)
    return NULL;

  /* Obtain system page size. */
  if (!page_size)
    page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);

  /* Round allocation size up to the next page, keeping in mind the size field and pointer to code map. */
  rounded_size = (size + overhead + page_size - 1) & ~(page_size - 1);

  /* Primary mapping is RW, but request permission to switch to PROT_EXEC later. */
  prot = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_MPROTECT(PROT_EXEC);
  dataseg = mmap(NULL, rounded_size, prot, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
  if (dataseg == MAP_FAILED)
    return NULL;

  /* Create secondary mapping and switch it to RX. */
  codeseg = mremap(dataseg, rounded_size, NULL, rounded_size, MAP_REMAPDUP);
  if (codeseg == MAP_FAILED) {
    munmap(dataseg, rounded_size);
    return NULL;
  }
  if (mprotect(codeseg, rounded_size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC) == -1) {
    munmap(codeseg, rounded_size);
    munmap(dataseg, rounded_size);
    return NULL;
  }

  /* Remember allocation size and location of the secondary mapping for ffi_closure_free. */
  memcpy(dataseg, &rounded_size, sizeof(rounded_size));
  memcpy(ADD_TO_POINTER(dataseg, sizeof(size_t)), &codeseg, sizeof(void *));
  *code = ADD_TO_POINTER(codeseg, overhead);
  return ADD_TO_POINTER(dataseg, overhead);
}

void
ffi_closure_free (void *ptr)
{
  void *codeseg, *dataseg;
  size_t rounded_size;

  dataseg = ADD_TO_POINTER(ptr, -overhead);
  memcpy(&rounded_size, dataseg, sizeof(rounded_size));
  memcpy(&codeseg, ADD_TO_POINTER(dataseg, sizeof(size_t)), sizeof(void *));
  munmap(dataseg, rounded_size);
  munmap(codeseg, rounded_size);
}

int
ffi_tramp_is_present (__attribute__((unused)) void *ptr)
{
  return 0;
}
#else /* !NetBSD with PROT_MPROTECT */

#if !FFI_MMAP_EXEC_WRIT && !FFI_EXEC_TRAMPOLINE_TABLE
# if __linux__ && !defined(__ANDROID__)
/* This macro indicates it may be forbidden to map anonymous memory
   with both write and execute permission.  Code compiled when this
   option is defined will attempt to map such pages once, but if it
   fails, it falls back to creating a temporary file in a writable and
   executable filesystem and mapping pages from it into separate
   locations in the virtual memory space, one location writable and
   another executable.  */
#  define FFI_MMAP_EXEC_WRIT 1
#  define HAVE_MNTENT 1
# endif
# if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__)
/* Windows systems may have Data Execution Protection (DEP) enabled,
   which requires the use of VirtualMalloc/VirtualFree to alloc/free
   executable memory. */
#  define FFI_MMAP_EXEC_WRIT 1
# endif
#endif

#if FFI_MMAP_EXEC_WRIT && defined(__linux__) && !defined(__ANDROID__)
# if !defined FFI_MMAP_EXEC_SELINUX
/* When defined to 1 check for SELinux and if SELinux is active,
   don't attempt PROT_EXEC|PROT_WRITE mapping at all, as that
   might cause audit messages.  */
#  define FFI_MMAP_EXEC_SELINUX 1
# endif /* !defined FFI_MMAP_EXEC_SELINUX */
# if !defined FFI_MMAP_PAX
/* Also check for PaX MPROTECT */
#  define FFI_MMAP_PAX 1
# endif /* !defined FFI_MMAP_PAX */
#endif /* FFI_MMAP_EXEC_WRIT && defined(__linux__) && !defined(__ANDROID__) */

#if FFI_CLOSURES

#if FFI_EXEC_TRAMPOLINE_TABLE

#ifdef __MACH__

#include <mach/mach.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#ifdef HAVE_PTRAUTH
#include <ptrauth.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

extern void *ffi_closure_trampoline_table_page;

typedef struct ffi_trampoline_table ffi_trampoline_table;
typedef struct ffi_trampoline_table_entry ffi_trampoline_table_entry;

struct ffi_trampoline_table
{
  /* contiguous writable and executable pages */
  vm_address_t config_page;

  /* free list tracking */
  uint16_t free_count;
  ffi_trampoline_table_entry *free_list;
  ffi_trampoline_table_entry *free_list_pool;

  ffi_trampoline_table *prev;
  ffi_trampoline_table *next;
};

struct ffi_trampoline_table_entry
{
  void *(*trampoline) (void);
  ffi_trampoline_table_entry *next;
};

/* Total number of trampolines that fit in one trampoline table */
#define FFI_TRAMPOLINE_COUNT (PAGE_MAX_SIZE / FFI_TRAMPOLINE_SIZE)

static pthread_mutex_t ffi_trampoline_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
static ffi_trampoline_table *ffi_trampoline_tables = NULL;

static ffi_trampoline_table *
ffi_trampoline_table_alloc (void)
{
  ffi_trampoline_table *table;
  vm_address_t config_page;
  vm_address_t trampoline_page;
  vm_address_t trampoline_page_template;
  vm_prot_t cur_prot;
  vm_prot_t max_prot;
  kern_return_t kt;
  uint16_t i;

  /* Allocate two pages -- a config page and a placeholder page */
  config_page = 0x0;
  kt = vm_allocate (mach_task_self (), &config_page, PAGE_MAX_SIZE * 2,
		    VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE);
  if (kt != KERN_SUCCESS)
    return NULL;

  /* Remap the trampoline table on top of the placeholder page */
  trampoline_page = config_page + PAGE_MAX_SIZE;

#ifdef HAVE_PTRAUTH
  trampoline_page_template = (vm_address_t)(uintptr_t)ptrauth_auth_data((void *)&ffi_closure_trampoline_table_page, ptrauth_key_function_pointer, 0);
#else
  trampoline_page_template = (vm_address_t)&ffi_closure_trampoline_table_page;
#endif

#ifdef __arm__
  /* ffi_closure_trampoline_table_page can be thumb-biased on some ARM archs */
  trampoline_page_template &= ~1UL;
#endif
  kt = vm_remap (mach_task_self (), &trampoline_page, PAGE_MAX_SIZE, 0x0,
		 VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE, mach_task_self (), trampoline_page_template,
		 FALSE, &cur_prot, &max_prot, VM_INHERIT_SHARE);
  if (kt != KERN_SUCCESS)
    {
      vm_deallocate (mach_task_self (), config_page, PAGE_MAX_SIZE * 2);
      return NULL;
    }

  if (!(cur_prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE))
    {
      /* If VM_PROT_EXECUTE isn't set on the remapped trampoline page, set it */
      kt = vm_protect (mach_task_self (), trampoline_page, PAGE_MAX_SIZE,
         FALSE, cur_prot | VM_PROT_EXECUTE);
      if (kt != KERN_SUCCESS)
        {
          vm_deallocate (mach_task_self (), config_page, PAGE_MAX_SIZE * 2);
          return NULL;
        }
    }

  /* We have valid trampoline and config pages */
  table = calloc (1, sizeof (ffi_trampoline_table));
  table->free_count = FFI_TRAMPOLINE_COUNT;
  table->config_page = config_page;

  /* Create and initialize the free list */
  table->free_list_pool =
    calloc (FFI_TRAMPOLINE_COUNT, sizeof (ffi_trampoline_table_entry));

  for (i = 0; i < table->free_count; i++)
    {
      ffi_trampoline_table_entry *entry = &table->free_list_pool[i];
      entry->trampoline =
	(void *) (trampoline_page + (i * FFI_TRAMPOLINE_SIZE));
#ifdef HAVE_PTRAUTH
      entry->trampoline = ptrauth_sign_unauthenticated(entry->trampoline, ptrauth_key_function_pointer, 0);
#endif

      if (i < table->free_count - 1)
	entry->next = &table->free_list_pool[i + 1];
    }

  table->free_list = table->free_list_pool;

  return table;
}

static void
ffi_trampoline_table_free (ffi_trampoline_table *table)
{
  /* Remove from the list */
  if (table->prev != NULL)
    table->prev->next = table->next;

  if (table->next != NULL)
    table->next->prev = table->prev;

  /* Deallocate pages */
  vm_deallocate (mach_task_self (), table->config_page, PAGE_MAX_SIZE * 2);

  /* Deallocate free list */
  free (table->free_list_pool);
  free (table);
}

void *
ffi_closure_alloc (size_t size, void **code)
{
  /* Create the closure */
  ffi_closure *closure = malloc (size);
  if (closure == NULL)
    return NULL;

  pthread_mutex_lock (&ffi_trampoline_lock);

  /* Check for an active trampoline table with available entries. */
  ffi_trampoline_table *table = ffi_trampoline_tables;
  if (table == NULL || table->free_list == NULL)
    {
      table = ffi_trampoline_table_alloc ();
      if (table == NULL)
	{
	  pthread_mutex_unlock (&ffi_trampoline_lock);
	  free (closure);
	  return NULL;
	}

      /* Insert the new table at the top of the list */
      table->next = ffi_trampoline_tables;
      if (table->next != NULL)
	table->next->prev = table;

      ffi_trampoline_tables = table;
    }

  /* Claim the free entry */
  ffi_trampoline_table_entry *entry = ffi_trampoline_tables->free_list;
  ffi_trampoline_tables->free_list = entry->next;
  ffi_trampoline_tables->free_count--;
  entry->next = NULL;

  pthread_mutex_unlock (&ffi_trampoline_lock);

  /* Initialize the return values */
  *code = entry->trampoline;
  closure->trampoline_table = table;
  closure->trampoline_table_entry = entry;

  return closure;
}

void
ffi_closure_free (void *ptr)
{
  ffi_closure *closure = ptr;

  pthread_mutex_lock (&ffi_trampoline_lock);

  /* Fetch the table and entry references */
  ffi_trampoline_table *table = closure->trampoline_table;
  ffi_trampoline_table_entry *entry = closure->trampoline_table_entry;

  /* Return the entry to the free list */
  entry->next = table->free_list;
  table->free_list = entry;
  table->free_count++;

  /* If all trampolines within this table are free, and at least one other table exists, deallocate
   * the table */
  if (table->free_count == FFI_TRAMPOLINE_COUNT
      && ffi_trampoline_tables != table)
    {
      ffi_trampoline_table_free (table);
    }
  else if (ffi_trampoline_tables != table)
    {
      /* Otherwise, bump this table to the top of the list */
      table->prev = NULL;
      table->next = ffi_trampoline_tables;
      if (ffi_trampoline_tables != NULL)
	ffi_trampoline_tables->prev = table;

      ffi_trampoline_tables = table;
    }

  pthread_mutex_unlock (&ffi_trampoline_lock);

  /* Free the closure */
  free (closure);
}

#endif

// Per-target implementation; It's unclear what can reasonable be shared between two OS/architecture implementations.

#elif FFI_MMAP_EXEC_WRIT /* !FFI_EXEC_TRAMPOLINE_TABLE */

#define USE_LOCKS 1
#define USE_DL_PREFIX 1
#ifdef __GNUC__
#ifndef USE_BUILTIN_FFS
#define USE_BUILTIN_FFS 1
#endif
#endif

/* We need to use mmap, not sbrk.  */
#define HAVE_MORECORE 0

/* We could, in theory, support mremap, but it wouldn't buy us anything.  */
#define HAVE_MREMAP 0

/* We have no use for this, so save some code and data.  */
#define NO_MALLINFO 1

/* We need all allocations to be in regular segments, otherwise we
   lose track of the corresponding code address.  */
#define DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD MAX_SIZE_T

/* Don't allocate more than a page unless needed.  */
#define DEFAULT_GRANULARITY ((size_t)malloc_getpagesize)

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#ifndef _MSC_VER
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#if !defined(_WIN32)
#ifdef HAVE_MNTENT
#include <mntent.h>
#endif /* HAVE_MNTENT */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <pthread.h>

/* We don't want sys/mman.h to be included after we redefine mmap and
   dlmunmap.  */
#include <sys/mman.h>
#define LACKS_SYS_MMAN_H 1

#if FFI_MMAP_EXEC_SELINUX
#include <sys/statfs.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static int selinux_enabled = -1;

static int
selinux_enabled_check (void)
{
  struct statfs sfs;
  FILE *f;
  char *buf = NULL;
  size_t len = 0;

  if (statfs ("/selinux", &sfs) >= 0
      && (unsigned int) sfs.f_type == 0xf97cff8cU)
    return 1;
  f = fopen ("/proc/mounts", "r");
  if (f == NULL)
    return 0;
  while (getline (&buf, &len, f) >= 0)
    {
      char *p = strchr (buf, ' ');
      if (p == NULL)
        break;
      p = strchr (p + 1, ' ');
      if (p == NULL)
        break;
      if (strncmp (p + 1, "selinuxfs ", 10) == 0)
        {
          free (buf);
          fclose (f);
          return 1;
        }
    }
  free (buf);
  fclose (f);
  return 0;
}

#define is_selinux_enabled() (selinux_enabled >= 0 ? selinux_enabled \
			      : (selinux_enabled = selinux_enabled_check ()))

#else

#define is_selinux_enabled() 0

#endif /* !FFI_MMAP_EXEC_SELINUX */

/* On PaX enable kernels that have MPROTECT enabled we can't use PROT_EXEC. */
#if defined FFI_MMAP_PAX
#include <stdlib.h>

enum {
  PAX_MPROTECT = (1 << 0),
  PAX_EMUTRAMP = (1 << 1),
};
static int cached_pax_flags = -1;

static int
pax_flags_check (void)
{
  char *buf = NULL;
  size_t len = 0;
  FILE *f;
  int ret;
  f = fopen ("/proc/self/status", "r");
  if (f == NULL)
    return 0;
  ret = 0;

  while (getline (&buf, &len, f) != -1)
    if (!strncmp (buf, "PaX:", 4))
      {
        if (NULL != strchr (buf + 4, 'M'))
          ret |= PAX_MPROTECT;
        if (NULL != strchr (buf + 4, 'E'))
          ret |= PAX_EMUTRAMP;
        break;
      }
  free (buf);
  fclose (f);
  return ret;
}

#define get_pax_flags() (cached_pax_flags >= 0 ? cached_pax_flags \
                               : (cached_pax_flags = pax_flags_check ()))
#define has_pax_flags(flags) ((flags) == ((flags) & get_pax_flags ()))
#define is_mprotect_enabled() (has_pax_flags (PAX_MPROTECT))
#define is_emutramp_enabled() (has_pax_flags (PAX_EMUTRAMP))

#endif /* defined FFI_MMAP_PAX */

#elif defined (__CYGWIN__) || defined(__INTERIX)

#include <sys/mman.h>

/* Cygwin is Linux-like, but not quite that Linux-like.  */
#define is_selinux_enabled() 0

#endif /* !defined(X86_WIN32) && !defined(X86_WIN64) */

#if !defined FFI_MMAP_PAX
# define is_mprotect_enabled() 0
# define is_emutramp_enabled() 0
#endif /* !defined FFI_MMAP_PAX */

/* Declare all functions defined in dlmalloc.c as static.  */
static void *dlmalloc(size_t);
static void dlfree(void*);
static void *dlcalloc(size_t, size_t) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static void *dlrealloc(void *, size_t) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static void *dlmemalign(size_t, size_t) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static void *dlvalloc(size_t) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static int dlmallopt(int, int) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static size_t dlmalloc_footprint(void) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static size_t dlmalloc_max_footprint(void) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static void** dlindependent_calloc(size_t, size_t, void**) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static void** dlindependent_comalloc(size_t, size_t*, void**) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static void *dlpvalloc(size_t) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static int dlmalloc_trim(size_t) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static size_t dlmalloc_usable_size(void*) MAYBE_UNUSED;
static void dlmalloc_stats(void) MAYBE_UNUSED;

#if !(defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__)) || defined (__CYGWIN__) || defined(__INTERIX)
/* Use these for mmap and munmap within dlmalloc.c.  */
static void *dlmmap(void *, size_t, int, int, int, off_t);
static int dlmunmap(void *, size_t);
#endif /* !(defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__)) || defined (__CYGWIN__) || defined(__INTERIX) */

#define mmap dlmmap
#define munmap dlmunmap

#include "dlmalloc.c"

#undef mmap
#undef munmap

#if !(defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__)) || defined (__CYGWIN__) || defined(__INTERIX)

/* A mutex used to synchronize access to *exec* variables in this file.  */
static pthread_mutex_t open_temp_exec_file_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

/* A file descriptor of a temporary file from which we'll map
   executable pages.  */
static int execfd = -1;

/* The amount of space already allocated from the temporary file.  */
static size_t execsize = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_MEMFD_CREATE
/* Open a temporary file name, and immediately unlink it.  */
static int
open_temp_exec_file_memfd (const char *name)
{
  int fd;
  fd = memfd_create (name, MFD_CLOEXEC);
  return fd;
}
#endif

/* Open a temporary file name, and immediately unlink it.  */
static int
open_temp_exec_file_name (char *name, int flags)
{
  int fd;

#ifdef HAVE_MKOSTEMP
  fd = mkostemp (name, flags);
#else
  fd = mkstemp (name);
#endif

  if (fd != -1)
    unlink (name);

  return fd;
}

/* Open a temporary file in the named directory.  */
static int
open_temp_exec_file_dir (const char *dir)
{
  static const char suffix[] = "/ffiXXXXXX";
  int lendir, flags;
  char *tempname;
#ifdef O_TMPFILE
  int fd;
#endif

#ifdef O_CLOEXEC
  flags = O_CLOEXEC;
#else
  flags = 0;
#endif

#ifdef O_TMPFILE
  fd = open (dir, flags | O_RDWR | O_EXCL | O_TMPFILE, 0700);
  /* If the running system does not support the O_TMPFILE flag then retry without it. */
  if (fd != -1 || (errno != EINVAL && errno != EISDIR && errno != EOPNOTSUPP)) {
    return fd;
  } else {
    errno = 0;
  }
#endif

  lendir = (int) strlen (dir);
  tempname = __builtin_alloca (lendir + sizeof (suffix));

  if (!tempname)
    return -1;

  memcpy (tempname, dir, lendir);
  memcpy (tempname + lendir, suffix, sizeof (suffix));

  return open_temp_exec_file_name (tempname, flags);
}

/* Open a temporary file in the directory in the named environment
   variable.  */
static int
open_temp_exec_file_env (const char *envvar)
{
  const char *value = getenv (envvar);

  if (!value)
    return -1;

  return open_temp_exec_file_dir (value);
}

#ifdef HAVE_MNTENT
/* Open a temporary file in an executable and writable mount point
   listed in the mounts file.  Subsequent calls with the same mounts
   keep searching for mount points in the same file.  Providing NULL
   as the mounts file closes the file.  */
static int
open_temp_exec_file_mnt (const char *mounts)
{
  static const char *last_mounts;
  static FILE *last_mntent;

  if (mounts != last_mounts)
    {
      if (last_mntent)
	endmntent (last_mntent);

      last_mounts = mounts;

      if (mounts)
	last_mntent = setmntent (mounts, "r");
      else
	last_mntent = NULL;
    }

  if (!last_mntent)
    return -1;

  for (;;)
    {
      int fd;
      struct mntent mnt;
      char buf[MAXPATHLEN * 3];

      if (getmntent_r (last_mntent, &mnt, buf, sizeof (buf)) == NULL)
	return -1;

      if (hasmntopt (&mnt, "ro")
	  || hasmntopt (&mnt, "noexec")
	  || access (mnt.mnt_dir, W_OK))
	continue;

      fd = open_temp_exec_file_dir (mnt.mnt_dir);

      if (fd != -1)
	return fd;
    }
}
#endif /* HAVE_MNTENT */

/* Instructions to look for a location to hold a temporary file that
   can be mapped in for execution.  */
static struct
{
  int (*func)(const char *);
  const char *arg;
  int repeat;
} open_temp_exec_file_opts[] = {
#ifdef HAVE_MEMFD_CREATE
  { open_temp_exec_file_memfd, "libffi", 0 },
#endif
  { open_temp_exec_file_env, "LIBFFI_TMPDIR", 0 },
  { open_temp_exec_file_env, "TMPDIR", 0 },
  { open_temp_exec_file_dir, "/tmp", 0 },
  { open_temp_exec_file_dir, "/var/tmp", 0 },
  { open_temp_exec_file_dir, "/dev/shm", 0 },
  { open_temp_exec_file_env, "HOME", 0 },
#ifdef HAVE_MNTENT
  { open_temp_exec_file_mnt, "/etc/mtab", 1 },
  { open_temp_exec_file_mnt, "/proc/mounts", 1 },
#endif /* HAVE_MNTENT */
};

/* Current index into open_temp_exec_file_opts.  */
static int open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx = 0;

/* Reset a current multi-call func, then advances to the next entry.
   If we're at the last, go back to the first and return nonzero,
   otherwise return zero.  */
static int
open_temp_exec_file_opts_next (void)
{
  if (open_temp_exec_file_opts[open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx].repeat)
    open_temp_exec_file_opts[open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx].func (NULL);

  open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx++;
  if (open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx
      == (sizeof (open_temp_exec_file_opts)
	  / sizeof (*open_temp_exec_file_opts)))
    {
      open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx = 0;
      return 1;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Return a file descriptor of a temporary zero-sized file in a
   writable and executable filesystem.  */
int
open_temp_exec_file (void)
{
  int fd;

  do
    {
      fd = open_temp_exec_file_opts[open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx].func
	(open_temp_exec_file_opts[open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx].arg);

      if (!open_temp_exec_file_opts[open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx].repeat
	  || fd == -1)
	{
	  if (open_temp_exec_file_opts_next ())
	    break;
	}
    }
  while (fd == -1);

  return fd;
}

/* We need to allocate space in a file that will be backing a writable
   mapping.  Several problems exist with the usual approaches:
   - fallocate() is Linux-only
   - posix_fallocate() is not available on all platforms
   - ftruncate() does not allocate space on filesystems with sparse files
   Failure to allocate the space will cause SIGBUS to be thrown when
   the mapping is subsequently written to.  */
static int
allocate_space (int fd, off_t offset, off_t len)
{
  static long page_size;

  /* Obtain system page size. */
  if (!page_size)
    page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);

  unsigned char buf[page_size];
  memset (buf, 0, page_size);

  while (len > 0)
    {
      off_t to_write = (len < page_size) ? len : page_size;
      if (write (fd, buf, to_write) < to_write)
        return -1;
      len -= to_write;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Map in a chunk of memory from the temporary exec file into separate
   locations in the virtual memory address space, one writable and one
   executable.  Returns the address of the writable portion, after
   storing an offset to the corresponding executable portion at the
   last word of the requested chunk.  */
static void *
dlmmap_locked (void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, off_t offset)
{
  void *ptr;

  if (execfd == -1)
    {
      open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx = 0;
    retry_open:
      execfd = open_temp_exec_file ();
      if (execfd == -1)
	return MFAIL;
    }

  offset = execsize;

  if (allocate_space (execfd, offset, length))
    return MFAIL;

  flags &= ~(MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS);
  flags |= MAP_SHARED;

  ptr = mmap (NULL, length, (prot & ~PROT_WRITE) | PROT_EXEC,
	      flags, execfd, offset);
  if (ptr == MFAIL)
    {
      if (!offset)
	{
	  close (execfd);
	  goto retry_open;
	}
      if (ftruncate (execfd, offset) != 0)
      {
        /* Fixme : Error logs can be added here. Returning an error for
         * ftruncte() will not add any advantage as it is being
         * validating in the error case. */
      }

      return MFAIL;
    }
  else if (!offset
	   && open_temp_exec_file_opts[open_temp_exec_file_opts_idx].repeat)
    open_temp_exec_file_opts_next ();

  start = mmap (start, length, prot, flags, execfd, offset);

  if (start == MFAIL)
    {
      munmap (ptr, length);
      if (ftruncate (execfd, offset) != 0)
      {
        /* Fixme : Error logs can be added here. Returning an error for
         * ftruncte() will not add any advantage as it is being
         * validating in the error case. */
      }
      return start;
    }

  mmap_exec_offset ((char *)start, length) = (char*)ptr - (char*)start;

  execsize += length;

  return start;
}

/* Map in a writable and executable chunk of memory if possible.
   Failing that, fall back to dlmmap_locked.  */
static void *
dlmmap (void *start, size_t length, int prot,
	int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
{
  void *ptr;

  assert (start == NULL && length % malloc_getpagesize == 0
	  && prot == (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)
	  && flags == (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS)
	  && fd == -1 && offset == 0);

  if (execfd == -1 && ffi_tramp_is_supported ())
    {
      ptr = mmap (start, length, prot & ~PROT_EXEC, flags, fd, offset);
      return ptr;
    }

  /* -1 != execfd hints that we already decided to use dlmmap_locked
     last time.  */
  if (execfd == -1 && is_mprotect_enabled ())
    {
#ifdef FFI_MMAP_EXEC_EMUTRAMP_PAX
      if (is_emutramp_enabled ())
        {
          /* emutramp requires the kernel recognizing the trampoline pattern
             generated by ffi_prep_closure_loc; there is no way to test
             in advance whether this will work, so this is experimental.  */
          ptr = mmap (start, length, prot & ~PROT_EXEC, flags, fd, offset);
          return ptr;
        }
#endif
      /* fallback to dlmmap_locked.  */
    }
  else if (execfd == -1 && !is_selinux_enabled ())
    {
      ptr = mmap (start, length, prot | PROT_EXEC, flags, fd, offset);

      if (ptr != MFAIL || (errno != EPERM && errno != EACCES))
	/* Cool, no need to mess with separate segments.  */
	return ptr;

      /* If MREMAP_DUP is ever introduced and implemented, try mmap
	 with ((prot & ~PROT_WRITE) | PROT_EXEC) and mremap with
	 MREMAP_DUP and prot at this point.  */
    }

  pthread_mutex_lock (&open_temp_exec_file_mutex);
  ptr = dlmmap_locked (start, length, prot, flags, offset);
  pthread_mutex_unlock (&open_temp_exec_file_mutex);

  return ptr;
}

/* Release memory at the given address, as well as the corresponding
   executable page if it's separate.  */
static int
dlmunmap (void *start, size_t length)
{
  /* We don't bother decreasing execsize or truncating the file, since
     we can't quite tell whether we're unmapping the end of the file.
     We don't expect frequent deallocation anyway.  If we did, we
     could locate pages in the file by writing to the pages being
     deallocated and checking that the file contents change.
     Yuck.  */
  msegmentptr seg = segment_holding (gm, start);
  void *code;

  if (seg && (code = add_segment_exec_offset (start, seg)) != start)
    {
      int ret = munmap (code, length);
      if (ret)
	return ret;
    }

  return munmap (start, length);
}

#if FFI_CLOSURE_FREE_CODE
/* Return segment holding given code address.  */
static msegmentptr
segment_holding_code (mstate m, char* addr)
{
  msegmentptr sp = &m->seg;
  for (;;) {
    if (addr >= add_segment_exec_offset (sp->base, sp)
	&& addr < add_segment_exec_offset (sp->base, sp) + sp->size)
      return sp;
    if ((sp = sp->next) == 0)
      return 0;
  }
}
#endif

#endif /* !(defined(_WIN32) || defined(__OS2__)) || defined (__CYGWIN__) || defined(__INTERIX) */

/* Allocate a chunk of memory with the given size.  Returns a pointer
   to the writable address, and sets *CODE to the executable
   corresponding virtual address.  */
void *
ffi_closure_alloc (size_t size, void **code)
{
  void *ptr, *ftramp;

  if (!code)
    return NULL;

  ptr = dlmalloc (size);

  if (ptr)
    {
      msegmentptr seg = segment_holding (gm, ptr);

      *code = FFI_FN (add_segment_exec_offset (ptr, seg));
      if (!ffi_tramp_is_supported ())
        return ptr;

      ftramp = ffi_tramp_alloc (0);
      if (ftramp == NULL)
      {
        dlfree (ptr);
        return NULL;
      }
      *code = FFI_FN (ffi_tramp_get_addr (ftramp));
      ((ffi_closure *) ptr)->ftramp = ftramp;
    }

  return ptr;
}

void *
ffi_data_to_code_pointer (void *data)
{
  msegmentptr seg = segment_holding (gm, data);
  /* We expect closures to be allocated with ffi_closure_alloc(), in
     which case seg will be non-NULL.  However, some users take on the
     burden of managing this memory themselves, in which case this
     we'll just return data. */
  if (seg)
    {
      if (!ffi_tramp_is_supported ())
        return add_segment_exec_offset (data, seg);
      return ffi_tramp_get_addr (((ffi_closure *) data)->ftramp);
    }
  else
    return data;
}

/* Release a chunk of memory allocated with ffi_closure_alloc.  If
   FFI_CLOSURE_FREE_CODE is nonzero, the given address can be the
   writable or the executable address given.  Otherwise, only the
   writable address can be provided here.  */
void
ffi_closure_free (void *ptr)
{
#if FFI_CLOSURE_FREE_CODE
  msegmentptr seg = segment_holding_code (gm, ptr);

  if (seg)
    ptr = sub_segment_exec_offset (ptr, seg);
#endif
  if (ffi_tramp_is_supported ())
    ffi_tramp_free (((ffi_closure *) ptr)->ftramp);

  dlfree (ptr);
}

int
ffi_tramp_is_present (void *ptr)
{
  msegmentptr seg = segment_holding (gm, ptr);
  return seg != NULL && ffi_tramp_is_supported();
}

# else /* ! FFI_MMAP_EXEC_WRIT */

/* On many systems, memory returned by malloc is writable and
   executable, so just use it.  */

#include <stdlib.h>

void *
ffi_closure_alloc (size_t size, void **code)
{
  void *c;

  if (!code)
    return NULL;

  c = malloc (size);
  *code = FFI_FN (c);
  return c;
}

void
ffi_closure_free (void *ptr)
{
  free (ptr);
}

void *
ffi_data_to_code_pointer (void *data)
{
  return data;
}

int
ffi_tramp_is_present (__attribute__((unused)) void *ptr)
{
  return 0;
}

# endif /* ! FFI_MMAP_EXEC_WRIT */
#endif /* FFI_CLOSURES */

#endif /* NetBSD with PROT_MPROTECT */
#endif /* __EMSCRIPTEN__ */

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src/closures.c