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kc3-lang/libxkbcommon/src/state.c

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  • Author : Pierre Le Marre
    Date : 2025-07-16 08:00:30
    Hash : d60b3213
    Message : Make the ref counting invariants explicit with assertions

  • src/state.c
  • /*
     * For HPND:
     * Copyright (c) 1993 by Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
     *
     * For MIT:
     * Copyright © 2012 Intel Corporation
     * Copyright © 2012 Ran Benita <ran234@gmail.com>
     *
     * SPDX-License-Identifier: HPND AND MIT
     *
     * Author: Daniel Stone <daniel@fooishbar.org>
     */
    
    /*
     * This is a bastardised version of xkbActions.c from the X server which
     * does not support, for the moment:
     *   - AccessX sticky/debounce/etc (will come later)
     *   - pointer keys (may come later)
     *   - key redirects (unlikely)
     *   - messages (very unlikely)
     */
    
    #include "config.h"
    
    #include <assert.h>
    #include <stdint.h>
    
    #include "xkbcommon/xkbcommon.h"
    #include "keymap.h"
    #include "keysym.h"
    #include "utf8.h"
    
    struct xkb_filter {
        union xkb_action action;
        const struct xkb_key *key;
        uint32_t priv;
        bool (*func)(struct xkb_state *state,
                     struct xkb_filter *filter,
                     const struct xkb_key *key,
                     enum xkb_key_direction direction);
        int refcnt;
    };
    
    struct state_components {
        /* These may be negative, because of -1 group actions. */
        int32_t base_group; /**< depressed */
        int32_t latched_group;
        int32_t locked_group;
        xkb_layout_index_t group; /**< effective */
    
        xkb_mod_mask_t base_mods; /**< depressed */
        xkb_mod_mask_t latched_mods;
        xkb_mod_mask_t locked_mods;
        xkb_mod_mask_t mods; /**< effective */
    
        xkb_led_mask_t leds;
    };
    
    struct xkb_state {
        /*
         * Before updating the state, we keep a copy of just this struct. This
         * allows us to report which components of the state have changed.
         */
        struct state_components components;
    
        /*
         * At each event, we accumulate all the needed modifications to the base
         * modifiers, and apply them at the end. These keep track of this state.
         */
        xkb_mod_mask_t set_mods;
        xkb_mod_mask_t clear_mods;
    
        /*
         * We mustn't clear a base modifier if there's another depressed key
         * which affects it, e.g. given this sequence
         * < Left Shift down, Right Shift down, Left Shift Up >
         * the modifier should still be set. This keeps the count.
         */
        int16_t mod_key_count[XKB_MAX_MODS];
    
        int refcnt;
        darray(struct xkb_filter) filters;
        struct xkb_keymap *keymap;
    };
    
    static const struct xkb_key_type_entry *
    get_entry_for_mods(const struct xkb_key_type *type, xkb_mod_mask_t mods)
    {
        for (darray_size_t i = 0; i < type->num_entries; i++)
            if (entry_is_active(&type->entries[i]) &&
                type->entries[i].mods.mask == mods)
                return &type->entries[i];
        return NULL;
    }
    
    static const struct xkb_key_type_entry *
    get_entry_for_key_state(struct xkb_state *state, const struct xkb_key *key,
                            xkb_layout_index_t group)
    {
        const struct xkb_key_type* const type = key->groups[group].type;
        xkb_mod_mask_t active_mods = state->components.mods & type->mods.mask;
        return get_entry_for_mods(type, active_mods);
    }
    
    static inline xkb_level_index_t
    state_key_get_level(struct xkb_state *state, const struct xkb_key *key,
                             xkb_layout_index_t layout)
    {
        if (layout >= key->num_groups)
            return XKB_LEVEL_INVALID;
    
        /* If we don't find an explicit match the default is 0. */
        const struct xkb_key_type_entry* const entry =
            get_entry_for_key_state(state, key, layout);
    
        return (entry) ? entry->level : 0;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the level to use for the given key and state, or
     * XKB_LEVEL_INVALID.
     */
    xkb_level_index_t
    xkb_state_key_get_level(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                            xkb_layout_index_t layout)
    {
        const struct xkb_key* const key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);
    
        return (key)
            ? state_key_get_level(state, key, layout)
            : XKB_LEVEL_INVALID;
    }
    
    static inline xkb_layout_index_t
    state_key_get_layout(struct xkb_state *state, const struct xkb_key *key)
    {
        static_assert(XKB_MAX_GROUPS < INT32_MAX, "Max groups don't fit");
        return XkbWrapGroupIntoRange((int32_t) state->components.group,
                                     key->num_groups,
                                     key->out_of_range_group_action,
                                     key->out_of_range_group_number);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the layout to use for the given key and state, taking
     * wrapping/clamping/etc into account, or XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID.
     */
    xkb_layout_index_t
    xkb_state_key_get_layout(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
    {
        const struct xkb_key* const key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);
    
        if (!key)
            return XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID;
    
        return state_key_get_layout(state, key);
    }
    
    /* Empty action used for empty levels */
    static const union xkb_action dummy_action = { .type = ACTION_TYPE_NONE };
    
    static xkb_action_count_t
    xkb_key_get_actions(struct xkb_state *state, const struct xkb_key *key,
                        const union xkb_action **actions)
    {
        const xkb_layout_index_t layout = state_key_get_layout(state, key);
        const xkb_level_index_t level = state_key_get_level(state, key, layout);
        if (level == XKB_LEVEL_INVALID)
            goto err;
    
        const xkb_action_count_t count =
            xkb_keymap_key_get_actions_by_level(state->keymap, key,
                                                layout, level, actions);
        if (!count)
            goto err;
    
        return count;
    
    err:
        /* Use a dummy action if no corresponding level was found or if it is empty.
         * This is required e.g. to handle latches properly. */
        *actions = &dummy_action;
        return 1;
    }
    
    static struct xkb_filter *
    xkb_filter_new(struct xkb_state *state)
    {
        struct xkb_filter *filter = NULL, *iter;
    
        darray_foreach(iter, state->filters) {
            if (iter->func)
                continue;
            /* Use available slot */
            filter = iter;
            break;
        }
    
        if (!filter) {
            /* No available slot: resize the filters array */
            darray_resize0(state->filters, darray_size(state->filters) + 1);
            filter = &darray_item(state->filters, darray_size(state->filters) -1);
        }
    
        filter->refcnt = 1;
        return filter;
    }
    
    /***====================================================================***/
    
    enum xkb_filter_result {
        /*
         * The event is consumed by the filters.
         *
         * An event is always processed by all filters, but any filter can
         * prevent it from being processed further by consuming it.
         */
        XKB_FILTER_CONSUME,
        /*
         * The event may continue to be processed as far as this filter is
         * concerned.
         */
        XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE,
    };
    
    /* Modify a group component, depending on the ACTION_ABSOLUTE_SWITCH flag */
    #define apply_group_delta(filter_, state_, component_)                   \
        if ((filter_)->action.group.flags & ACTION_ABSOLUTE_SWITCH)          \
            (state_)->components.component_ = (filter_)->action.group.group; \
        else                                                                 \
            (state_)->components.component_ += (filter_)->action.group.group
    
    static void
    xkb_filter_group_set_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
    {
        static_assert(sizeof(state->components.base_group) == sizeof(filter->priv),
                      "Max groups don't fit");
        filter->priv = state->components.base_group;
        apply_group_delta(filter, state, base_group);
    }
    
    static bool
    xkb_filter_group_set_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                              struct xkb_filter *filter,
                              const struct xkb_key *key,
                              enum xkb_key_direction direction)
    {
        if (key != filter->key) {
            filter->action.group.flags &= ~ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR;
            return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
        }
    
        if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
            filter->refcnt++;
            return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
        }
        else if (--filter->refcnt > 0) {
            return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
        }
    
        static_assert(sizeof(state->components.base_group) == sizeof(filter->priv),
                      "Max groups don't fit");
        state->components.base_group = (int32_t) filter->priv;
    
        if (filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR)
            state->components.locked_group = 0;
    
        filter->func = NULL;
        return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
    }
    
    static void
    xkb_filter_group_lock_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
    {
        if (filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_LOCK_ON_RELEASE) {
            /*
             * Lock on key release: do nothing on key press.
             *
             * This is a keymap format v2 extension.
             */
            return;
        } else {
            /* Lock on key press */
            apply_group_delta(filter, state, locked_group);
        }
    
    }
    
    static bool
    xkb_filter_group_lock_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                               struct xkb_filter *filter,
                               const struct xkb_key *key,
                               enum xkb_key_direction direction)
    {
        if (key != filter->key) {
            if ((filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_LOCK_ON_RELEASE) &&
                direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
                /*
                 * Another key has been pressed after the locking key:
                 * cancel group lock on release.
                 *
                 * This is a keymap v2 extension.
                 */
                filter->action.group.flags &= ~ACTION_LOCK_ON_RELEASE;
            }
            return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
        }
    
        if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
            filter->refcnt++;
            return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
        }
        if (--filter->refcnt > 0)
            return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
    
        if (filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_LOCK_ON_RELEASE) {
            /*
             * Lock on key release
             *
             * This is a keymap v2 extension.
             */
            apply_group_delta(filter, state, locked_group);
        } else {
            /* Lock on key press: do nothing on key release. */
        }
        filter->func = NULL;
        return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
    }
    
    static bool
    xkb_action_breaks_latch(const union xkb_action *action,
                            enum xkb_internal_action_flags flag,
                            xkb_mod_mask_t mask)
    {
        switch (action->type) {
        case ACTION_TYPE_NONE:
        case ACTION_TYPE_VOID:
        case ACTION_TYPE_PTR_BUTTON:
        case ACTION_TYPE_PTR_LOCK:
        case ACTION_TYPE_CTRL_SET:
        case ACTION_TYPE_CTRL_LOCK:
        case ACTION_TYPE_SWITCH_VT:
        case ACTION_TYPE_TERMINATE:
            return true;
        case ACTION_TYPE_INTERNAL:
            return (action->internal.flags & flag) &&
                   ((action->internal.clear_latched_mods & mask) == mask);
        default:
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    enum xkb_key_latch_state {
        NO_LATCH = 0,
        LATCH_KEY_DOWN,
        LATCH_PENDING,
        _KEY_LATCH_STATE_NUM_ENTRIES
    };
    
    #define MAX_XKB_KEY_LATCH_STATE_LOG2 2
    #if (_KEY_LATCH_STATE_NUM_ENTRIES > (1 << MAX_XKB_KEY_LATCH_STATE_LOG2)) || \
        (-XKB_MAX_GROUPS) < (INT32_MIN >> MAX_XKB_KEY_LATCH_STATE_LOG2) || \
          XKB_MAX_GROUPS > (INT32_MAX >> MAX_XKB_KEY_LATCH_STATE_LOG2)
    #error "Cannot represent priv field of the group latch filter"
    #endif
    
    /* Hold the latch state *and* the group delta */
    union group_latch_priv {
        uint32_t priv;
        struct {
            /* The type is really: enum xkb_key_latch_state, but it is problematic
             * on Windows, because it is interpreted as signed and leads to wrong
             * negative values. */
            unsigned int latch:MAX_XKB_KEY_LATCH_STATE_LOG2;
            int32_t group_delta:(32 - MAX_XKB_KEY_LATCH_STATE_LOG2);
        };
    };
    
    static void
    xkb_filter_group_latch_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
    {
        const union group_latch_priv priv = {
            .latch = LATCH_KEY_DOWN,
            .group_delta = (filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_ABSOLUTE_SWITCH)
                ? filter->action.group.group - state->components.base_group
                : filter->action.group.group
        };
        filter->priv = priv.priv;
        /* Like group set */
        apply_group_delta(filter, state, base_group);
    }
    
    static bool
    xkb_filter_group_latch_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                                struct xkb_filter *filter,
                                const struct xkb_key *key,
                                enum xkb_key_direction direction)
    {
        union group_latch_priv priv = {.priv = filter->priv};
        enum xkb_key_latch_state latch = priv.latch;
    
        if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
            const union xkb_action *actions = NULL;
            const xkb_action_count_t count = xkb_key_get_actions(state, key,
                                                                 &actions);
    
            if (latch == LATCH_KEY_DOWN) {
                /*
                 * Another key was pressed while we’ve still got the latching key
                 * held down.
                 *
                 * The exact behavior depends on the keymap format version.
                 * It results in either:
                 * • No change.
                 * • Prevent the latch to trigger and keep the base group set by
                 *   xkb_filter_group_latch_new(), until the latch key is
                 *   released.
                 */
                if (state->keymap->format == XKB_KEYMAP_FORMAT_TEXT_V1) {
                    /* Keymap v1: unconditionally prevent the latch to trigger. */
                    latch = NO_LATCH;
                }
                else {
                    /*
                     * Keymap v2+: prevent the latch to trigger only if some of the
                     * pressed key’s actions breaks latches, mirroring the behavior
                     * in the LATCH_PENDING state.
                     *
                     * This is an extension to the X11 XKB protocol.
                     */
                    for (xkb_action_count_t k = 0; k < count; k++) {
                        if (xkb_action_breaks_latch(&(actions[k]),
                                                    INTERNAL_BREAKS_GROUP_LATCH,
                                                    0)) {
                            latch = NO_LATCH;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (latch == LATCH_PENDING) {
                /* If this is a new keypress and we're awaiting our single latched
                 * keypress, then either break the latch if any random key is
                 * pressed, or promote it to a lock if it's the same group delta &
                 * flags and latchToLock option is enabled. */
                for (xkb_action_count_t k = 0; k < count; k++) {
                    if (actions[k].type == ACTION_TYPE_GROUP_LATCH &&
                        actions[k].group.group == filter->action.group.group &&
                        actions[k].group.flags == filter->action.group.flags) {
                        filter->action = actions[k];
                        if (filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_LATCH_TO_LOCK &&
                            filter->action.group.group != 0) {
                            /* Promote to lock */
                            filter->action.type = ACTION_TYPE_GROUP_LOCK;
                            filter->func = xkb_filter_group_lock_func;
                            xkb_filter_group_lock_new(state, filter);
                            state->components.latched_group -= priv.group_delta;
                            filter->key = key;
                            /* XXX beep beep! */
                            return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
                        }
                        /* Do nothing if `latchToLock` option is not activated; if
                         * the latch is not broken by the following actions and the
                         * key is not consumed, then another latch filter will be
                         * created.
                         */
                        continue;
                    }
                    else if (xkb_action_breaks_latch(&(actions[k]),
                                                     INTERNAL_BREAKS_GROUP_LATCH,
                                                     0)) {
                        /* Breaks the latch */
                        state->components.latched_group -= priv.group_delta;
                        filter->func = NULL;
                        return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                /* Ignore press in NO_LATCH state */
                assert(latch == NO_LATCH);
            }
        }
        else if (direction == XKB_KEY_UP && key == filter->key) {
            /* Our key got released.  If we've set it to clear locks, and we
             * currently have a group locked, then release it and
             * don't actually latch.  Else we've actually hit the latching
             * stage, so set PENDING and move our group from base to
             * latched. */
            if ((filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR) &&
                 state->components.locked_group) {
                if (latch == LATCH_PENDING)
                    state->components.latched_group -= priv.group_delta;
                else
                    state->components.base_group -= priv.group_delta;
                state->components.locked_group = 0;
                filter->func = NULL;
            }
            /* Broken latch */
            else if (latch == NO_LATCH) {
                state->components.base_group -= priv.group_delta;
                filter->func = NULL;
            }
            /* We may already have reached the latch state if pressing the
             * key multiple times without latch-to-lock enabled. */
            else if (latch == LATCH_KEY_DOWN) {
                latch = LATCH_PENDING;
                /* Switch from set to latch */
                state->components.base_group -= priv.group_delta;
                state->components.latched_group += priv.group_delta;
                /* XXX beep beep! */
            }
        }
        else {
            /* Ignore release of other keys */
        }
    
        priv.latch = latch;
        filter->priv = priv.priv;
    
        return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
    }
    
    static void
    xkb_filter_mod_set_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
    {
        const enum xkb_action_flags unlock = ACTION_UNLOCK_ON_PRESS
                                           | ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR;
        if ((filter->action.mods.flags & unlock) == unlock) {
            /*
             * Unlock on press
             *
             * This is a keymap v2 extension.
             */
            filter->priv = filter->action.mods.mods.mask
                         & ~state->components.locked_mods;
            state->components.locked_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
        } else {
            filter->priv = filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
        }
    
        state->set_mods |= (xkb_mod_mask_t) filter->priv;
    }
    
    static bool
    xkb_filter_mod_set_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                            struct xkb_filter *filter,
                            const struct xkb_key *key,
                            enum xkb_key_direction direction)
    {
        if (key != filter->key) {
            filter->action.mods.flags &= ~ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR;
            return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
        }
    
        if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
            filter->refcnt++;
            return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
        }
        else if (--filter->refcnt > 0) {
            return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
        }
    
        state->clear_mods |= (xkb_mod_mask_t) filter->priv;
        const enum xkb_action_flags unlock = ACTION_UNLOCK_ON_PRESS
                                           | ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR;
        if ((filter->action.mods.flags & unlock) == ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR)
            state->components.locked_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
    
        filter->func = NULL;
        return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
    }
    
    static void
    xkb_filter_mod_lock_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
    {
        filter->priv = (state->components.locked_mods &
                        filter->action.mods.mods.mask);
    
        if (filter->priv && (filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_UNLOCK_ON_PRESS)) {
            /*
             * Some of the target modifiers were locked before key press: unlock.
             *
             * This is a keymap v2 extension: unlock-on-press.
             */
            if (!(filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LOCK_NO_UNLOCK))
                state->components.locked_mods &= ~filter->priv;
            /* No further action: cancel filter */
            filter->func = NULL;
        } else {
            /* Set base mods; lock mods if relevant (XKB 1.0 spec) */
            state->set_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            if (!(filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LOCK_NO_LOCK))
                state->components.locked_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
        }
    }
    
    static bool
    xkb_filter_mod_lock_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                             struct xkb_filter *filter,
                             const struct xkb_key *key,
                             enum xkb_key_direction direction)
    {
        if (key != filter->key)
            return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
    
        if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
            filter->refcnt++;
            return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
        }
        if (--filter->refcnt > 0)
            return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
    
        state->clear_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
        if (!(filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LOCK_NO_UNLOCK))
            state->components.locked_mods &= ~filter->priv;
    
        filter->func = NULL;
        return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
    }
    
    static void
    xkb_filter_mod_latch_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
    {
        /* Latch-on-press + clear-locks imply unlock-on-press */
        const enum xkb_action_flags unlockOnPress = ACTION_UNLOCK_ON_PRESS
                                                  | ACTION_LATCH_ON_PRESS;
    
        if ((filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR) &&
            (filter->action.mods.flags & unlockOnPress) &&
            (state->components.locked_mods & filter->action.mods.mods.mask) ==
             filter->action.mods.mods.mask) {
            /*
             * Unlock on press
             *
             * This is a keymap v2 extension: clear locks and do not latch.
             */
            state->components.locked_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            filter->func = NULL;
        } else if (filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LATCH_ON_PRESS) {
            /*
             * Latch on key press
             *
             * This is a keymap format v2 extension.
             */
            filter->priv = LATCH_PENDING;
            state->components.latched_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            /* XXX beep beep! */
        } else {
            /* XKB standard latch action */
            filter->priv = LATCH_KEY_DOWN;
            state->set_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
        }
    }
    
    static bool
    xkb_filter_mod_latch_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                              struct xkb_filter *filter,
                              const struct xkb_key *key,
                              enum xkb_key_direction direction)
    {
        enum xkb_key_latch_state latch = filter->priv;
    
        if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
            const union xkb_action *actions = NULL;
            const xkb_action_count_t count = xkb_key_get_actions(state, key,
                                                                 &actions);
    
            if (latch == LATCH_KEY_DOWN) {
                /*
                 * Another key was pressed while we’ve still got the latching key
                 * held down.
                 *
                 * The exact behavior depends on the keymap format version.
                 * It results in either:
                 * • No change.
                 * • Prevent the latch to trigger and keep the base modifiers set
                 *   by xkb_filter_mod_latch_new(), until the latch key is released.
                 */
                if (state->keymap->format == XKB_KEYMAP_FORMAT_TEXT_V1) {
                    /* Keymap v1: unconditionally prevent the latch to trigger. */
                    latch = NO_LATCH;
                }
                else {
                    /*
                     * Keymap v2+: prevent the latch to trigger only if some of the
                     * pressed key’s actions breaks latches, mirroring the behavior
                     * in the LATCH_PENDING state.
                     *
                     * This is an extension to the X11 XKB protocol.
                     */
                    for (xkb_action_count_t k = 0; k < count; k++) {
                        if (xkb_action_breaks_latch(&(actions[k]),
                                                    INTERNAL_BREAKS_MOD_LATCH,
                                                    filter->action.mods.mods.mask)) {
                            latch = NO_LATCH;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (latch == LATCH_PENDING) {
                /* If this is a new keypress and we're awaiting our single latched
                 * keypress, then either break the latch if any random key is pressed,
                 * or promote it to a lock or plain base set if it's the same
                 * modifier. */
                for (xkb_action_count_t k = 0; k < count; k++) {
                    if (actions[k].type == ACTION_TYPE_MOD_LATCH &&
                        actions[k].mods.flags == filter->action.mods.flags &&
                        actions[k].mods.mods.mask == filter->action.mods.mods.mask) {
                        filter->action = actions[k];
                        if (filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LATCH_TO_LOCK) {
                            /* Mutate the action to LockMods() */
                            filter->action.type = ACTION_TYPE_MOD_LOCK;
                            filter->func = xkb_filter_mod_lock_func;
                            xkb_filter_mod_lock_new(state, filter);
                        }
                        else {
                            /* Mutate the action to SetMods() */
                            filter->action.type = ACTION_TYPE_MOD_SET;
                            filter->func = xkb_filter_mod_set_func;
                            xkb_filter_mod_set_new(state, filter);
                        }
                        filter->key = key;
                        /* Clear latches */
                        state->components.latched_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
                        /* XXX beep beep! */
                        return XKB_FILTER_CONSUME;
                    }
                    else if (xkb_action_breaks_latch(&(actions[k]),
                                                     INTERNAL_BREAKS_MOD_LATCH,
                                                     filter->action.mods.mods.mask)) {
                        /* XXX: This may be totally broken, we might need to break the
                         *      latch in the next run after this press? */
                        state->components.latched_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
                        filter->func = NULL;
                        return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                /* Ignore press in NO_LATCH state */
                assert(latch == NO_LATCH);
            }
        }
        else if (direction == XKB_KEY_UP && key == filter->key) {
            /* Our key got released.  If we’ve set it to clear locks, and we
             * currently have the same modifiers locked, then release them and
             * don't actually latch.  Else we’ve actually hit the latching
             * stage, so set PENDING and move our modifier from base to
             * latched. */
    
            /* Latch-on-press + clear-locks imply unlock-on-press */
            const enum xkb_action_flags unlockOnPress = ACTION_UNLOCK_ON_PRESS
                                                      | ACTION_LATCH_ON_PRESS;
    
            if ((filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR) &&
                !(filter->action.mods.flags & unlockOnPress) &&
                (state->components.locked_mods & filter->action.mods.mods.mask) ==
                 filter->action.mods.mods.mask) {
                /* XXX: We might be a bit overenthusiastic about clearing
                 *      mods other filters have set here? */
                if (latch == LATCH_PENDING)
                    state->components.latched_mods &=
                        ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
                else
                    state->clear_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
                state->components.locked_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
                filter->func = NULL;
            }
            else if (latch == NO_LATCH) {
                /* Broken latch */
                state->clear_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
                filter->func = NULL;
            }
            else if (!(filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LATCH_ON_PRESS)) {
                latch = LATCH_PENDING;
                state->clear_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
                state->components.latched_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
                /* XXX beep beep! */
            }
        }
        else {
            /* Ignore release of other keys */
        }
    
        filter->priv = latch;
    
        return XKB_FILTER_CONTINUE;
    }
    
    static const struct {
        void (*new)(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter);
        bool (*func)(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter,
                     const struct xkb_key *key, enum xkb_key_direction direction);
    } filter_action_funcs[_ACTION_TYPE_NUM_ENTRIES] = {
        [ACTION_TYPE_MOD_SET]     = { xkb_filter_mod_set_new,
                                      xkb_filter_mod_set_func },
        [ACTION_TYPE_MOD_LATCH]   = { xkb_filter_mod_latch_new,
                                      xkb_filter_mod_latch_func },
        [ACTION_TYPE_MOD_LOCK]    = { xkb_filter_mod_lock_new,
                                      xkb_filter_mod_lock_func },
        [ACTION_TYPE_GROUP_SET]   = { xkb_filter_group_set_new,
                                      xkb_filter_group_set_func },
        [ACTION_TYPE_GROUP_LATCH] = { xkb_filter_group_latch_new,
                                      xkb_filter_group_latch_func },
        [ACTION_TYPE_GROUP_LOCK]  = { xkb_filter_group_lock_new,
                                      xkb_filter_group_lock_func },
    };
    
    /**
     * Applies any relevant filters to the key, first from the list of filters
     * that are currently active, then if no filter has claimed the key, possibly
     * apply a new filter from the key action.
     */
    static void
    xkb_filter_apply_all(struct xkb_state *state,
                         const struct xkb_key *key,
                         enum xkb_key_direction direction)
    {
        /* First run through all the currently active filters and see if any of
         * them have consumed this event. */
        bool consumed = false;
        struct xkb_filter *filter;
        darray_foreach(filter, state->filters) {
            if (!filter->func)
                continue;
    
            if (filter->func(state, filter, key, direction) == XKB_FILTER_CONSUME)
                consumed = true;
        }
        if (consumed || direction == XKB_KEY_UP)
            return;
    
        /* No filter consumed this event, so proceed with the key actions */
        const union xkb_action *actions = NULL;
        const xkb_action_count_t count = xkb_key_get_actions(state, key, &actions);
    
        /*
         * Process actions sequentially.
         *
         * NOTE: We rely on the parser to disallow multiple modifier or group
         * actions (see `CheckMultipleActionsCategories`). Allowing multiple such
         * actions requires a refactor of the state handling.
         */
        for (xkb_action_count_t k = 0; k < count; k++) {
            /*
             * It's possible for the keymap to set action->type explicitly, like so:
             *     interpret XF86_Next_VMode {
             *         action = Private(type=0x86, data="+VMode");
             *     };
             * We don't handle those.
             */
            if (actions[k].type >= _ACTION_TYPE_NUM_ENTRIES)
                continue;
    
            /* Go to next action if no corresponding action handler */
            if (!filter_action_funcs[actions[k].type].new)
                continue;
    
            /* Add a new filter and run the corresponding initial action */
            filter = xkb_filter_new(state);
            filter->key = key;
            filter->func = filter_action_funcs[actions[k].type].func;
            filter->action = actions[k];
            filter_action_funcs[actions[k].type].new(state, filter);
        }
    }
    
    struct xkb_state *
    xkb_state_new(struct xkb_keymap *keymap)
    {
        struct xkb_state* restrict const state = calloc(1, sizeof(*state));
        if (!state)
            return NULL;
    
        state->refcnt = 1;
        state->keymap = xkb_keymap_ref(keymap);
    
        return state;
    }
    
    struct xkb_state *
    xkb_state_ref(struct xkb_state *state)
    {
        assert(state->refcnt > 0);
        state->refcnt++;
        return state;
    }
    
    void
    xkb_state_unref(struct xkb_state *state)
    {
        assert(!state || state->refcnt > 0);
        if (!state || --state->refcnt > 0)
            return;
    
        xkb_keymap_unref(state->keymap);
        darray_free(state->filters);
        free(state);
    }
    
    struct xkb_keymap *
    xkb_state_get_keymap(struct xkb_state *state)
    {
        return state->keymap;
    }
    
    /**
     * Update the LED state to match the rest of the xkb_state.
     */
    static void
    xkb_state_led_update_all(struct xkb_state *state)
    {
        xkb_led_index_t idx;
        const struct xkb_led *led;
    
        state->components.leds = 0;
    
        xkb_leds_enumerate(idx, led, state->keymap) {
    
            if (led->which_mods != 0 && led->mods.mask != 0) {
                xkb_mod_mask_t mod_mask = 0;
                if (led->which_mods & XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE)
                    mod_mask |= state->components.mods;
                if (led->which_mods & XKB_STATE_MODS_DEPRESSED)
                    mod_mask |= state->components.base_mods;
                if (led->which_mods & XKB_STATE_MODS_LATCHED)
                    mod_mask |= state->components.latched_mods;
                if (led->which_mods & XKB_STATE_MODS_LOCKED)
                    mod_mask |= state->components.locked_mods;
    
                if (led->mods.mask & mod_mask) {
                    state->components.leds |= (UINT32_C(1) << idx);
                    continue;
                }
            }
    
            if (led->which_groups != 0) {
                if (likely(led->groups) != 0) {
                    xkb_layout_mask_t group_mask = 0;
                    /* Effective and locked groups have been brought into range */
                    assert(state->components.group < XKB_MAX_GROUPS);
                    assert(state->components.locked_group >= 0 &&
                           state->components.locked_group < XKB_MAX_GROUPS);
                    /* Effective and locked groups are used as mask */
                    if (led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_EFFECTIVE)
                        group_mask |= (UINT32_C(1) << state->components.group);
                    if (led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LOCKED)
                        group_mask |= (UINT32_C(1) << state->components.locked_group);
                    /* Base and latched groups only have to be non-zero */
                    if ((led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_DEPRESSED) &&
                        state->components.base_group != 0)
                        group_mask |= led->groups;
                    if ((led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LATCHED) &&
                        state->components.latched_group != 0)
                        group_mask |= led->groups;
    
                    if (led->groups & group_mask) {
                        state->components.leds |= (UINT32_C(1) << idx);
                        continue;
                    }
                } else {
                    /* Special case for Base and latched groups */
                    if (((led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_DEPRESSED) &&
                         state->components.base_group == 0) ||
                        ((led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LATCHED) &&
                         state->components.latched_group == 0)) {
                        state->components.leds |= (UINT32_C(1) << idx);
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
    
            if (led->ctrls & state->keymap->enabled_ctrls) {
                state->components.leds |= (UINT32_C(1) << idx);
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Calculates the derived state (effective mods/group and LEDs) from an
     * up-to-date xkb_state.
     */
    static void
    xkb_state_update_derived(struct xkb_state *state)
    {
        xkb_layout_index_t wrapped;
    
        state->components.mods = (state->components.base_mods |
                                  state->components.latched_mods |
                                  state->components.locked_mods);
    
        /* TODO: Use groups_wrap control instead of always RANGE_WRAP. */
    
        /* Lock group must be adjusted, but not base nor latched groups */
        wrapped = XkbWrapGroupIntoRange(state->components.locked_group,
                                        state->keymap->num_groups,
                                        RANGE_WRAP, 0);
        static_assert(XKB_MAX_GROUPS < INT32_MAX, "Max groups don't fit");
        state->components.locked_group =
            (int32_t) (wrapped == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID ? 0 : wrapped);
    
        /* Effective group must be adjusted */
        wrapped = XkbWrapGroupIntoRange(state->components.base_group +
                                        state->components.latched_group +
                                        state->components.locked_group,
                                        state->keymap->num_groups,
                                        RANGE_WRAP, 0);
        state->components.group =
            (wrapped == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID ? 0 : wrapped);
    
        xkb_state_led_update_all(state);
    }
    
    static enum xkb_state_component
    get_state_component_changes(const struct state_components *a,
                                const struct state_components *b)
    {
        xkb_mod_mask_t mask = 0;
    
        if (a->group != b->group)
            mask |= XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_EFFECTIVE;
        if (a->base_group != b->base_group)
            mask |= XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_DEPRESSED;
        if (a->latched_group != b->latched_group)
            mask |= XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LATCHED;
        if (a->locked_group != b->locked_group)
            mask |= XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LOCKED;
        if (a->mods != b->mods)
            mask |= XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE;
        if (a->base_mods != b->base_mods)
            mask |= XKB_STATE_MODS_DEPRESSED;
        if (a->latched_mods != b->latched_mods)
            mask |= XKB_STATE_MODS_LATCHED;
        if (a->locked_mods != b->locked_mods)
            mask |= XKB_STATE_MODS_LOCKED;
        if (a->leds != b->leds)
            mask |= XKB_STATE_LEDS;
    
        return mask;
    }
    
    /**
     * Given a particular key event, updates the state structure to reflect the
     * new modifiers.
     */
    enum xkb_state_component
    xkb_state_update_key(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                         enum xkb_key_direction direction)
    {
        const struct xkb_key* const key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);
        if (!key)
            return 0;
    
        const struct state_components prev_components = state->components;
    
        state->set_mods = 0;
        state->clear_mods = 0;
    
        xkb_filter_apply_all(state, key, direction);
    
        xkb_mod_index_t i;
        xkb_mod_mask_t bit;
        for (i = 0, bit = 1; state->set_mods; i++, bit <<= 1) {
            if (state->set_mods & bit) {
                state->mod_key_count[i]++;
                state->components.base_mods |= bit;
                state->set_mods &= ~bit;
            }
        }
    
        for (i = 0, bit = 1; state->clear_mods; i++, bit <<= 1) {
            if (state->clear_mods & bit) {
                state->mod_key_count[i]--;
                if (state->mod_key_count[i] <= 0) {
                    state->components.base_mods &= ~bit;
                    state->mod_key_count[i] = 0;
                }
                state->clear_mods &= ~bit;
            }
        }
    
        xkb_state_update_derived(state);
    
        return get_state_component_changes(&prev_components, &state->components);
    }
    
    /* We need fake keys for `update_latch_modifiers` and `update_latch_group`.
     * These keys must have at least one level in order to break latches. We need 2
     * keys with specific actions in order to update group/mod latches without
     * affecting each other. */
    static struct xkb_key_type_entry synthetic_key_level_entry = { 0 };
    static struct xkb_key_type synthetic_key_type = {
         .num_entries = 1,
         .num_levels = 1,
         .entries = &synthetic_key_level_entry
    };
    static const struct xkb_key synthetic_key = { 0 };
    
    /* Transcription from xserver: XkbLatchModifiers */
    static void
    update_latch_modifiers(struct xkb_state *state,
                           xkb_mod_mask_t mask, xkb_mod_mask_t latches)
    {
        /* Clear affected latched modifiers */
        const xkb_mod_mask_t clear = mask & ~latches;
        state->components.latched_mods &= ~clear;
    
        /* Clear any pending latch to locks using ad hoc action:
         * only affect corresponding modifier latches and no group latch. */
        struct xkb_level synthetic_key_level_break_mod_latch = {
            .num_syms = 0,
            .num_actions = 1,
            .upper = XKB_KEY_NoSymbol,
            .s.sym = XKB_KEY_NoSymbol,
            .a.action.internal = {
                .type = ACTION_TYPE_INTERNAL,
                .flags = INTERNAL_BREAKS_MOD_LATCH,
                .clear_latched_mods = clear
            }
        };
        struct xkb_group synthetic_key_group_break_mod_latch = {
            .type = &synthetic_key_type,
            .levels = &synthetic_key_level_break_mod_latch
        };
        const struct xkb_key synthetic_key_break_mod_latch = {
            .num_groups = 1,
            .groups = &synthetic_key_group_break_mod_latch
        };
        xkb_filter_apply_all(state, &synthetic_key_break_mod_latch, XKB_KEY_DOWN);
    
        /* Finally set the latched mods by simulate tapping a key with the
         * corresponding action */
        const struct xkb_key* const key = &synthetic_key;
        const union xkb_action latch_mods = {
            .mods = {
                .type = ACTION_TYPE_MOD_LATCH,
                .mods = { .mask = mask & latches },
                .flags = 0,
            },
        };
        struct xkb_filter* const filter = xkb_filter_new(state);
        filter->key = key;
        filter->func = xkb_filter_mod_latch_func;
        filter->action = latch_mods;
        xkb_filter_mod_latch_new(state, filter);
        /* We added the filter manually, so only fire “up” event */
        xkb_filter_mod_latch_func(state, filter, key, XKB_KEY_UP);
    }
    
    /* Transcription from xserver: XkbLatchGroup */
    static void
    update_latch_group(struct xkb_state *state, int32_t group)
    {
        /* Clear any pending latch to locks. */
        static struct xkb_level synthetic_key_level_break_group_latch = {
            .num_syms = 0,
            .num_actions = 1,
            .upper = XKB_KEY_NoSymbol,
            .s.sym = XKB_KEY_NoSymbol,
            .a.action.internal = {
                .type = ACTION_TYPE_INTERNAL,
                .flags = INTERNAL_BREAKS_GROUP_LATCH,
                .clear_latched_mods = 0
            }
        };
        static struct xkb_group synthetic_key_group_break_group_latch = {
            .type = &synthetic_key_type,
            .levels = &synthetic_key_level_break_group_latch
        };
        static const struct xkb_key synthetic_key_break_group_latch = {
            .num_groups = 1,
            .groups = &synthetic_key_group_break_group_latch
        };
        xkb_filter_apply_all(state, &synthetic_key_break_group_latch, XKB_KEY_DOWN);
    
        /* Simulate tapping a key with a group latch action, but in isolation: i.e.
         * without affecting the other filters. */
        const struct xkb_key* const key = &synthetic_key;
        const union xkb_action latch_group = {
            .group = {
                .type = ACTION_TYPE_GROUP_LATCH,
                .flags = ACTION_ABSOLUTE_SWITCH,
                .group = group,
            },
        };
        struct xkb_filter* const filter = xkb_filter_new(state);
        filter->key = key;
        filter->func = xkb_filter_group_latch_func;
        filter->action = latch_group;
        xkb_filter_group_latch_new(state, filter);
        /* We added the filter manually, so only fire “up” event */
        xkb_filter_group_latch_func(state, filter, key, XKB_KEY_UP);
    }
    
    /**
     * Compute the resolved effective mask of an arbitrary input.
     *
     * Contrary to `mod_mask_get_effective`, it resolves only modifiers not present
     * in the canonical mask, so that it enables `xkb_state_serialize_mods` to
     * round trip via `xkb_state_update_mask`.
     */
    static inline xkb_mod_mask_t
    resolve_to_canonical_mods(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, xkb_mod_mask_t mods)
    {
        return
            /*
             * Keep canonical modifier mask.
             * It contains either real modifiers or canonical virtual modifiers.
             */
            (mods & keymap->canonical_state_mask) |
            /* Resolve other modifiers */
            mod_mask_get_effective(keymap,
                                   mods & ~keymap->canonical_state_mask);
    }
    
    enum xkb_state_component
    xkb_state_update_latched_locked(struct xkb_state *state,
                                    xkb_mod_mask_t affect_latched_mods,
                                    xkb_mod_mask_t latched_mods,
                                    bool affect_latched_layout,
                                    int32_t latched_layout,
                                    xkb_mod_mask_t affect_locked_mods,
                                    xkb_mod_mask_t locked_mods,
                                    bool affect_locked_layout,
                                    int32_t locked_layout)
    {
        const struct state_components prev_components = state->components;
    
        /* Update locks */
        affect_locked_mods =
            resolve_to_canonical_mods(state->keymap, affect_locked_mods);
        if (affect_locked_mods) {
            locked_mods = resolve_to_canonical_mods(state->keymap, locked_mods);
            state->components.locked_mods &= ~affect_locked_mods;
            state->components.locked_mods |= locked_mods & affect_locked_mods;
        }
        if (affect_locked_layout) {
            state->components.locked_group = locked_layout;
        }
    
        /* Update latches */
        affect_latched_mods =
            resolve_to_canonical_mods(state->keymap, affect_latched_mods);
        if (affect_latched_mods) {
            latched_mods = resolve_to_canonical_mods(state->keymap, latched_mods);
            update_latch_modifiers(state, affect_latched_mods, latched_mods);
        }
        if (affect_latched_layout) {
            update_latch_group(state, latched_layout);
        }
    
        xkb_state_update_derived(state);
        return get_state_component_changes(&prev_components, &state->components);
    }
    
    /**
     * Updates the state from a set of explicit masks as gained from
     * xkb_state_serialize_mods and xkb_state_serialize_groups.  As noted in the
     * documentation for these functions in xkbcommon.h, this round-trip is
     * lossy, and should only be used to update a slave state mirroring the
     * master, e.g. in a client/server window system.
     */
    enum xkb_state_component
    xkb_state_update_mask(struct xkb_state *state,
                          xkb_mod_mask_t base_mods,
                          xkb_mod_mask_t latched_mods,
                          xkb_mod_mask_t locked_mods,
                          xkb_layout_index_t base_group,
                          xkb_layout_index_t latched_group,
                          xkb_layout_index_t locked_group)
    {
        const struct state_components prev_components = state->components;
    
        /*
         * Make sure the mods are fully resolved - since we get arbitrary
         * input, they might not be.
         *
         * It might seem more reasonable to do this only for components.mods
         * in xkb_state_update_derived(), rather than for each component
         * separately.  That would allow to distinguish between "really"
         * depressed mods (would be in MODS_DEPRESSED) and indirectly
         * depressed to to a mapping (would only be in MODS_EFFECTIVE).
         * However, the traditional behavior of xkb_state_update_key() is that
         * if a vmod is depressed, its mappings are depressed with it; so we're
         * expected to do the same here.  Also, LEDs (usually) look if a real
         * mod is locked, not just effective; otherwise it won't be lit.
         */
        state->components.base_mods =
            resolve_to_canonical_mods(state->keymap, base_mods);
        state->components.latched_mods =
            resolve_to_canonical_mods(state->keymap, latched_mods);
        state->components.locked_mods =
            resolve_to_canonical_mods(state->keymap, locked_mods);
    
        static_assert(XKB_MAX_GROUPS < INT32_MAX, "Max groups don't fit");
        state->components.base_group = (int32_t) base_group;
        state->components.latched_group = (int32_t) latched_group;
        state->components.locked_group = (int32_t) locked_group;
    
        xkb_state_update_derived(state);
    
        return get_state_component_changes(&prev_components, &state->components);
    }
    
    /*
     * https://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/kbproto/xkbproto.html#Interpreting_the_Lock_Modifier
     */
    static bool
    should_do_caps_transformation(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
    {
        return
            xkb_state_mod_index_is_active(state, XKB_MOD_INDEX_CAPS,
                                          XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE) > 0 &&
            xkb_state_mod_index_is_consumed(state, kc, XKB_MOD_INDEX_CAPS) == 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * https://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/kbproto/xkbproto.html#Interpreting_the_Control_Modifier
     */
    static bool
    should_do_ctrl_transformation(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
    {
        return
            xkb_state_mod_index_is_active(state, XKB_MOD_INDEX_CTRL,
                                          XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE) > 0 &&
            xkb_state_mod_index_is_consumed(state, kc, XKB_MOD_INDEX_CTRL) == 0;
    }
    
    /**
     * Provides the symbols to use for the given key and state.  Returns the
     * number of symbols pointed to in syms_out.
     */
    int
    xkb_state_key_get_syms(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                           const xkb_keysym_t **syms_out)
    {
        const xkb_layout_index_t layout = xkb_state_key_get_layout(state, kc);
        if (layout == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID)
            goto err;
    
        const xkb_level_index_t level = xkb_state_key_get_level(state, kc, layout);
        if (level == XKB_LEVEL_INVALID)
            goto err;
    
        const struct xkb_key* const key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);
    
        if (!key)
            goto err;
    
        const struct xkb_level* const leveli =
            xkb_keymap_key_get_level(state->keymap, key, layout, level);
    
        if (!leveli)
            goto err;
    
        const xkb_keysym_count_t num_syms = leveli->num_syms;
        if (num_syms == 0)
            goto err;
    
        if (should_do_caps_transformation(state, kc)) {
            /* Only simple capitalization rules: keysyms count is unchanged. */
            if (num_syms > 1) {
                *syms_out = (leveli->has_upper)
                          ? leveli->s.syms + num_syms
                          : leveli->s.syms;
            } else {
                *syms_out = &leveli->upper;
            }
        } else {
            *syms_out = (num_syms > 1)
                      ? leveli->s.syms
                      : &leveli->s.sym;
        }
        return (int) num_syms;
    
    err:
        *syms_out = NULL;
        return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * Verbatim from `libX11:src/xkb/XKBBind.c`.
     *
     * The basic transformations are defined in “[Interpreting the Control Modifier]”.
     * They correspond to the [caret notation], which maps the characters
     * `@ABC...XYZ[\]^_` by masking them with `0x1f`. Note that there is no
     * transformation for `?`, although `^?` is defined in the [caret notation].
     *
     * For convenience, the range ```abc...xyz{|}~`` and the space character ` `
     * are processed the same way. This allow to produce control characters without
     * requiring the use of the `Shift` modifier for letters.
     *
     * The transformation of the digits seems to originate from the [VT220 terminal],
     * as a compatibility for non-US keyboards. Indeed, these keyboards may not have
     * the punctuation characters available or in a convenient position. Some mnemonics:
     *
     * - ^2 maps to ^@ because @ is on the key 2 in the US layout.
     * - ^6 maps to ^^ because ^ is on the key 6 in the US layout.
     * - characters 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 seems to align with the sequence `[\]^_`.
     * - 8 closes the sequence and so maps to the last control character.
     *
     * The `/` transformation seems to be defined for compatibility or convenience.
     *
     * [Interpreting the Control Modifier]: https://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/kbproto/xkbproto.html#Interpreting_the_Control_Modifier
     * [caret notation]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caret_notation
     * [VT220 terminal]: https://vt100.net/docs/vt220-rm/chapter3.html#T3-5
     */
    static char
    XkbToControl(char ch)
    {
        char c = ch;
    
        if ((c >= '@' && c < '\177') || c == ' ')
            c &= 0x1F;
        else if (c == '2')
            c = '\000';
        else if (c >= '3' && c <= '7')
            c -= ('3' - '\033');
        else if (c == '8')
            c = '\177';
        else if (c == '/')
            c = '_' & 0x1F;
        return c;
    }
    
    /**
     * Provides either exactly one symbol, or XKB_KEY_NoSymbol.
     */
    xkb_keysym_t
    xkb_state_key_get_one_sym(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
    {
        const xkb_keysym_t *syms = NULL;
        const int num_syms = xkb_state_key_get_syms(state, kc, &syms);
    
        if (num_syms != 1)
            return XKB_KEY_NoSymbol;
        else
            return syms[0];
    }
    
    /*
     * The caps and ctrl transformations require some special handling,
     * so we cannot simply use xkb_state_get_one_sym() for them.
     * In particular, if Control is set, we must try very hard to find
     * some layout in which the keysym is ASCII and thus can be (maybe)
     * converted to a control character. libX11 allows to disable this
     * behavior with the XkbLC_ControlFallback (see XkbSetXlibControls(3)),
     * but it is enabled by default, yippee.
     */
    static xkb_keysym_t
    get_one_sym_for_string(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
    {
        const xkb_layout_index_t layout = xkb_state_key_get_layout(state, kc);
        const xkb_layout_index_t num_layouts =
            xkb_keymap_num_layouts_for_key(state->keymap, kc);
        xkb_level_index_t level = xkb_state_key_get_level(state, kc, layout);
        if (layout == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID || num_layouts == 0 ||
            level == XKB_LEVEL_INVALID)
            return XKB_KEY_NoSymbol;
    
        const xkb_keysym_t *syms = NULL;
        int nsyms = xkb_keymap_key_get_syms_by_level(state->keymap, kc,
                                                     layout, level, &syms);
        if (nsyms != 1)
            return XKB_KEY_NoSymbol;
        xkb_keysym_t sym = syms[0];
    
        if (should_do_ctrl_transformation(state, kc) && sym > 127u) {
            for (xkb_layout_index_t i = 0; i < num_layouts; i++) {
                level = xkb_state_key_get_level(state, kc, i);
                if (level == XKB_LEVEL_INVALID)
                    continue;
    
                nsyms = xkb_keymap_key_get_syms_by_level(state->keymap, kc,
                                                         i, level, &syms);
                if (nsyms == 1 && syms[0] <= 127u) {
                    sym = syms[0];
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    
        if (should_do_caps_transformation(state, kc)) {
            sym = xkb_keysym_to_upper(sym);
        }
    
        return sym;
    }
    
    int
    xkb_state_key_get_utf8(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                           char *buffer, size_t size)
    {
        int nsyms;
        const xkb_keysym_t *syms = NULL;
        const xkb_keysym_t sym = get_one_sym_for_string(state, kc);
        if (sym != XKB_KEY_NoSymbol) {
            nsyms = 1; syms = &sym;
        }
        else {
            nsyms = xkb_state_key_get_syms(state, kc, &syms);
        }
    
        /* Make sure not to truncate in the middle of a UTF-8 sequence. */
        int offset = 0;
        char tmp[XKB_KEYSYM_UTF8_MAX_SIZE];
        for (int i = 0; i < nsyms; i++) {
            int ret = xkb_keysym_to_utf8(syms[i], tmp, sizeof(tmp));
            if (ret <= 0)
                goto err_bad;
    
            ret--;
            if ((size_t) offset + ret <= size)
                memcpy(buffer + offset, tmp, ret);
            offset += ret;
        }
    
        if ((size_t) offset >= size)
            goto err_trunc;
        buffer[offset] = '\0';
    
        if (!is_valid_utf8(buffer, offset))
            goto err_bad;
    
        if (offset == 1 && (unsigned int) buffer[0] <= 127u &&
            should_do_ctrl_transformation(state, kc))
            buffer[0] = XkbToControl(buffer[0]);
    
        return offset;
    
    err_trunc:
        if (size > 0)
            buffer[size - 1] = '\0';
        return offset;
    
    err_bad:
        if (size > 0)
            buffer[0] = '\0';
        return 0;
    }
    
    uint32_t
    xkb_state_key_get_utf32(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
    {
        const xkb_keysym_t sym = get_one_sym_for_string(state, kc);
        uint32_t cp = xkb_keysym_to_utf32(sym);
    
        if (cp <= 127u && should_do_ctrl_transformation(state, kc))
            cp = (uint32_t) XkbToControl((char) cp);
    
        return cp;
    }
    
    /**
     * Serialises the requested modifier state into an xkb_mod_mask_t, with all
     * the same disclaimers as in xkb_state_update_mask.
     */
    xkb_mod_mask_t
    xkb_state_serialize_mods(struct xkb_state *state,
                             enum xkb_state_component type)
    {
        xkb_mod_mask_t ret = 0;
    
        if (type & XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE)
            return state->components.mods;
    
        if (type & XKB_STATE_MODS_DEPRESSED)
            ret |= state->components.base_mods;
        if (type & XKB_STATE_MODS_LATCHED)
            ret |= state->components.latched_mods;
        if (type & XKB_STATE_MODS_LOCKED)
            ret |= state->components.locked_mods;
    
        return ret;
    }
    
    /**
     * Serialises the requested group state, with all the same disclaimers as
     * in xkb_state_update_mask.
     */
    xkb_layout_index_t
    xkb_state_serialize_layout(struct xkb_state *state,
                               enum xkb_state_component type)
    {
        xkb_layout_index_t ret = 0;
    
        if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_EFFECTIVE)
            return state->components.group;
    
        if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_DEPRESSED)
            ret += state->components.base_group;
        if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LATCHED)
            ret += state->components.latched_group;
        if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LOCKED)
            ret += state->components.locked_group;
    
        return ret;
    }
    
    /**
     * Gets a modifier mask and returns the resolved effective mask; this
     * is needed because some modifiers can also map to other modifiers, e.g.
     * the "NumLock" modifier usually also sets the "Mod2" modifier.
     */
    xkb_mod_mask_t
    mod_mask_get_effective(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, xkb_mod_mask_t mods)
    {
        /* Initialize the effective mask with its corresponding real mods. */
        xkb_mod_mask_t mask = mods & MOD_REAL_MASK_ALL;
    
        /* Resolve the virtual modifiers */
        const struct xkb_mod *mod;
        xkb_mod_index_t i;
        xkb_vmods_enumerate(i, mod, &keymap->mods)
            if (mods & (UINT32_C(1) << i))
                mask |= mod->mapping;
    
        return mask;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns 1 if the given modifier is active with the specified type(s), 0 if
     * not, or -1 if the modifier is invalid.
     */
    int
    xkb_state_mod_index_is_active(struct xkb_state *state,
                                  xkb_mod_index_t idx,
                                  enum xkb_state_component type)
    {
        if (unlikely(idx >= xkb_keymap_num_mods(state->keymap)))
            return -1;
    
        const xkb_mod_mask_t mapping = state->keymap->mods.mods[idx].mapping;
        if (!mapping) {
            /* Modifier not mapped */
            return 0;
        }
        /* WARNING: this may overmatch for virtual modifiers */
        return (xkb_state_serialize_mods(state, type) & mapping) == mapping;
    }
    
    /**
     * Helper function for xkb_state_mod_indices_are_active and
     * xkb_state_mod_names_are_active.
     */
    static bool
    match_mod_masks(struct xkb_state *state,
                    enum xkb_state_component type,
                    enum xkb_state_match match,
                    xkb_mod_mask_t wanted)
    {
        const xkb_mod_mask_t active = xkb_state_serialize_mods(state, type);
    
        if (!(match & XKB_STATE_MATCH_NON_EXCLUSIVE) && (active & ~wanted))
            return false;
    
        if (match & XKB_STATE_MATCH_ANY)
            return active & wanted;
    
        return (active & wanted) == wanted;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns 1 if the modifiers are active with the specified type(s), 0 if
     * not, or -1 if any of the modifiers are invalid.
     */
    int
    xkb_state_mod_indices_are_active(struct xkb_state *state,
                                     enum xkb_state_component type,
                                     enum xkb_state_match match,
                                     ...)
    {
        va_list ap;
        xkb_mod_mask_t wanted = 0;
        int ret = 0;
        const xkb_mod_index_t num_mods = xkb_keymap_num_mods(state->keymap);
    
        va_start(ap, match);
        while (1) {
            xkb_mod_index_t idx = va_arg(ap, xkb_mod_index_t);
            if (idx == XKB_MOD_INVALID)
                break;
            if (unlikely(idx >= num_mods)) {
                ret = -1;
                break;
            }
            wanted |= state->keymap->mods.mods[idx].mapping;
        }
        va_end(ap);
    
        if (ret == -1)
            return ret;
    
        if (!wanted) {
            /* Modifiers not mapped */
            return 0;
        }
    
        return match_mod_masks(state, type, match, wanted);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns 1 if the given modifier is active with the specified type(s), 0 if
     * not, or -1 if the modifier is invalid.
     */
    int
    xkb_state_mod_name_is_active(struct xkb_state *state, const char *name,
                                 enum xkb_state_component type)
    {
        const xkb_mod_index_t idx = xkb_keymap_mod_get_index(state->keymap, name);
    
        if (idx == XKB_MOD_INVALID)
            return -1;
    
        return xkb_state_mod_index_is_active(state, idx, type);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns 1 if the modifiers are active with the specified type(s), 0 if
     * not, or -1 if any of the modifiers are invalid.
     */
    ATTR_NULL_SENTINEL int
    xkb_state_mod_names_are_active(struct xkb_state *state,
                                   enum xkb_state_component type,
                                   enum xkb_state_match match,
                                   ...)
    {
        va_list ap;
        xkb_mod_mask_t wanted = 0;
        int ret = 0;
    
        va_start(ap, match);
        while (1) {
            const char *str = va_arg(ap, const char *);
            if (str == NULL)
                break;
            const xkb_mod_index_t idx = xkb_keymap_mod_get_index(state->keymap, str);
            if (idx == XKB_MOD_INVALID) {
                ret = -1;
                break;
            }
            wanted |= state->keymap->mods.mods[idx].mapping;
        }
        va_end(ap);
    
        if (ret == -1)
            return ret;
    
        if (!wanted) {
            /* Modifiers not mapped */
            return 0;
        }
    
        return match_mod_masks(state, type, match, wanted);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns 1 if the given group is active with the specified type(s), 0 if
     * not, or -1 if the group is invalid.
     */
    int
    xkb_state_layout_index_is_active(struct xkb_state *state,
                                     xkb_layout_index_t idx,
                                     enum xkb_state_component type)
    {
        if (idx >= state->keymap->num_groups)
            return -1;
    
        int ret = 0;
        if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_EFFECTIVE)
            ret |= (state->components.group == idx);
        if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_DEPRESSED)
            ret |= (state->components.base_group == (int32_t) idx);
        if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LATCHED)
            ret |= (state->components.latched_group == (int32_t) idx);
        if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LOCKED)
            ret |= (state->components.locked_group == (int32_t) idx);
    
        return ret;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns 1 if the given modifier is active with the specified type(s), 0 if
     * not, or -1 if the modifier is invalid.
     */
    int
    xkb_state_layout_name_is_active(struct xkb_state *state, const char *name,
                                    enum xkb_state_component type)
    {
        const xkb_layout_index_t idx =
            xkb_keymap_layout_get_index(state->keymap, name);
    
        if (idx == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID)
            return -1;
    
        return xkb_state_layout_index_is_active(state, idx, type);
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns 1 if the given LED is active, 0 if not, or -1 if the LED is invalid.
     */
    int
    xkb_state_led_index_is_active(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_led_index_t idx)
    {
        if (idx >= state->keymap->num_leds ||
            state->keymap->leds[idx].name == XKB_ATOM_NONE)
            return -1;
    
        return !!(state->components.leds & (UINT32_C(1) << idx));
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns 1 if the given LED is active, 0 if not, or -1 if the LED is invalid.
     */
    int
    xkb_state_led_name_is_active(struct xkb_state *state, const char *name)
    {
        const xkb_led_index_t idx = xkb_keymap_led_get_index(state->keymap, name);
    
        if (idx == XKB_LED_INVALID)
            return -1;
    
        return xkb_state_led_index_is_active(state, idx);
    }
    
    /**
     * See:
     * - XkbTranslateKeyCode(3), mod_rtrn return value, from libX11.
     * - MyEnhancedXkbTranslateKeyCode(), a modification of the above, from GTK+.
     */
    static xkb_mod_mask_t
    key_get_consumed(struct xkb_state *state, const struct xkb_key *key,
                     enum xkb_consumed_mode mode)
    {
        const xkb_layout_index_t group =
            xkb_state_key_get_layout(state, key->keycode);
        if (group == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID)
            return 0;
    
        xkb_mod_mask_t preserve = 0;
        xkb_mod_mask_t consumed = 0;
    
        const struct xkb_key_type_entry* const matching_entry =
            get_entry_for_key_state(state, key, group);
        if (matching_entry)
            preserve = matching_entry->preserve.mask;
    
        const struct xkb_key_type* const type = key->groups[group].type;
        switch (mode) {
        case XKB_CONSUMED_MODE_XKB:
            consumed = type->mods.mask;
            break;
    
        case XKB_CONSUMED_MODE_GTK: {
            const struct xkb_key_type_entry* const no_mods_entry =
                get_entry_for_mods(type, 0);
            const xkb_level_index_t no_mods_leveli = no_mods_entry
                                                   ? no_mods_entry->level
                                                   : 0;
            const struct xkb_level* const no_mods_level =
                &key->groups[group].levels[no_mods_leveli];
    
            for (darray_size_t i = 0; i < type->num_entries; i++) {
                const struct xkb_key_type_entry* const entry = &type->entries[i];
                if (!entry_is_active(entry))
                    continue;
    
                const struct xkb_level* const level =
                    &key->groups[group].levels[entry->level];
                if (XkbLevelsSameSyms(level, no_mods_level))
                    continue;
    
                if (entry == matching_entry || one_bit_set(entry->mods.mask))
                    consumed |= entry->mods.mask & ~entry->preserve.mask;
            }
            break;
        }
        }
    
        return consumed & ~preserve;
    }
    
    int
    xkb_state_mod_index_is_consumed2(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                                     xkb_mod_index_t idx,
                                     enum xkb_consumed_mode mode)
    {
        const struct xkb_key* const key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);
    
        if (unlikely(!key || idx >= xkb_keymap_num_mods(state->keymap)))
            return -1;
    
        const xkb_mod_mask_t mapping = state->keymap->mods.mods[idx].mapping;
        if (!mapping) {
            /* Modifier not mapped */
            return 0;
        }
        return (mapping & key_get_consumed(state, key, mode)) == mapping;
    }
    
    int
    xkb_state_mod_index_is_consumed(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                                    xkb_mod_index_t idx)
    {
        return xkb_state_mod_index_is_consumed2(state, kc, idx,
                                                XKB_CONSUMED_MODE_XKB);
    }
    
    xkb_mod_mask_t
    xkb_state_mod_mask_remove_consumed(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                                       xkb_mod_mask_t mask)
    {
        const struct xkb_key* const key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);
    
        if (!key)
            return 0;
    
        return resolve_to_canonical_mods(state->keymap, mask) &
               ~key_get_consumed(state, key, XKB_CONSUMED_MODE_XKB);
    }
    
    xkb_mod_mask_t
    xkb_state_key_get_consumed_mods2(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                                     enum xkb_consumed_mode mode)
    {
        switch (mode) {
        case XKB_CONSUMED_MODE_XKB:
        case XKB_CONSUMED_MODE_GTK:
            break;
        default:
            log_err_func(state->keymap->ctx, XKB_LOG_MESSAGE_NO_ID,
                         "unrecognized consumed modifiers mode: %d\n", mode);
            return 0;
        }
    
        const struct xkb_key* const key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);
        if (!key)
            return 0;
    
        return key_get_consumed(state, key, mode);
    }
    
    xkb_mod_mask_t
    xkb_state_key_get_consumed_mods(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
    {
        return xkb_state_key_get_consumed_mods2(state, kc, XKB_CONSUMED_MODE_XKB);
    }