thodg/libgit2

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    Commit

  • Hash : 4dfcc50f
    Author : Patrick Steinhardt
    Date : 2020-04-01T15:16:18 

    merge: cache negative cache results for similarity metrics

When computing renames, we cache the hash signatures for each of the
potentially conflicting entries so that we do not need to repeatedly
read the file and can at least halfway efficiently determine whether two
files are similar enough to be deemed a rename. In order to make the
hash signatures meaningful, we require at least four lines of data to be
present, resulting in at least four different hashes that can be
compared. Files that are deemed too small are not cached at all and
will thus be repeatedly re-hashed, which is usually not a huge issue.

The issue with above heuristic is in case a file does _not_ have at
least four lines, where a line is anything separated by a consecutive
run of "\n" or "\0" characters. For example "a\nb" is two lines, but
"a\0\0b" is also just two lines. Taken to the extreme, a file that has
megabytes of consecutive space- or NUL-only may also be deemed as too
small and thus not get cached. As a result, we will repeatedly load its
blob, calculate its hash signature just to finally throw it away as we
notice it's not of any value. When you've got a comparitively big file
that you compare against a big set of potentially renamed files, then
the cost simply expodes.

The issue can be trivially fixed by introducing negative cache entries.
Whenever we determine that a given blob does not have a meaningful
representation via a hash signature, we store this negative cache marker
and will from then on not hash it again, but also ignore it as a
potential rename target. This should help the "normal" case already
where you have a lot of small files as rename candidates, but in the
above scenario it's savings are extraordinarily high.

To verify we do not hit the issue anymore with described solution, this
commit adds a test that uses the exact same setup described above with
one 50 megabyte blob of '\0' characters and 1000 other files that get
renamed. Without the negative cache:

$ time ./libgit2_clar -smerge::trees::renames::cache_recomputation >/dev/null
real    11m48.377s
user    11m11.576s
sys     0m35.187s

And with the negative cache:

$ time ./libgit2_clar -smerge::trees::renames::cache_recomputation >/dev/null
real    0m1.972s
user    0m1.851s
sys     0m0.118s

So this represents a ~350-fold performance improvement, but it obviously
depends on how many files you have and how big the blob is. The test
number were chosen in a way that one will immediately notice as soon as
the bug resurfaces.

  • README.md

  • libgit2 - the Git linkable library

    Build Status
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    libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods provided as a linkable library with a solid API, allowing to build Git functionality into your application. Language bindings like Rugged (Ruby), LibGit2Sharp (.NET), pygit2 (Python) and NodeGit (Node) allow you to build Git tooling in your favorite language.

    libgit2 is used to power Git GUI clients like GitKraken and gmaster and on Git hosting providers like GitHub, GitLab and Azure DevOps. We perform the merge every time you click “merge pull request”.

    libgit2 is licensed under a very permissive license (GPLv2 with a special Linking Exception). This basically means that you can link it (unmodified) with any kind of software without having to release its source code. Additionally, the example code has been released to the public domain (see the separate license for more information).

    Table of Contents

    Quick Start

    Prerequisites for building libgit2:

    1. CMake, and is recommended to be installed into your PATH.
    2. Python is used by our test framework, and should be installed into your PATH.
    3. C compiler: libgit2 is C90 and should compile on most compilers.
      • Windows: Visual Studio is recommended
      • Mac: Xcode is recommended
      • Unix: gcc or clang is recommended.

    Build

    1. Create a build directory beneath the libgit2 source directory, and change into it: mkdir build && cd build
    2. Create the cmake build environment: cmake ..
    3. Build libgit2: cmake --build .

    Trouble with these steps? Read our troubleshooting guide. More detailed build guidance is available below.

    Getting Help

    Chat with us

    Getting Help

    If you have questions about the library, please be sure to check out the API documentation. If you still have questions, reach out to us on Slack or post a question on StackOverflow (with the libgit2 tag).

    Reporting Bugs

    Please open a GitHub Issue and include as much information as possible. If possible, provide sample code that illustrates the problem you’re seeing. If you’re seeing a bug only on a specific repository, please provide a link to it if possible.

    We ask that you not open a GitHub Issue for help, only for bug reports.

    Reporting Security Issues

    Please have a look at SECURITY.md.

    What It Can Do

    libgit2 provides you with the ability to manage Git repositories in the programming language of your choice. It’s used in production to power many applications including GitHub.com, Plastic SCM and Azure DevOps.

    It does not aim to replace the git tool or its user-facing commands. Some APIs resemble the plumbing commands as those align closely with the concepts of the Git system, but most commands a user would type are out of scope for this library to implement directly.

    The library provides:

    • SHA conversions, formatting and shortening
    • abstracted ODB backend system
    • commit, tag, tree and blob parsing, editing, and write-back
    • tree traversal
    • revision walking
    • index file (staging area) manipulation
    • reference management (including packed references)
    • config file management
    • high level repository management
    • thread safety and reentrancy
    • descriptive and detailed error messages
    • …and more (over 175 different API calls)

    As libgit2 is purely a consumer of the Git system, we have to adjust to changes made upstream. This has two major consequences:

    • Some changes may require us to change provided interfaces. While we try to implement functions in a generic way so that no future changes are required, we cannot promise a completely stable API.
    • As we have to keep up with changes in behavior made upstream, we may lag behind in some areas. We usually to document these incompatibilities in our issue tracker with the label “git change”.

    Optional dependencies

    While the library provides git functionality without the need for dependencies, it can make use of a few libraries to add to it:

    • pthreads (non-Windows) to enable threadsafe access as well as multi-threaded pack generation
    • OpenSSL (non-Windows) to talk over HTTPS and provide the SHA-1 functions
    • LibSSH2 to enable the SSH transport
    • iconv (OSX) to handle the HFS+ path encoding peculiarities

    Initialization

    The library needs to keep track of some global state. Call

    git_libgit2_init();

    before calling any other libgit2 functions. You can call this function many times. A matching number of calls to

    git_libgit2_shutdown();

    will free the resources. Note that if you have worker threads, you should call git_libgit2_shutdown after those threads have exited. If you require assistance coordinating this, simply have the worker threads call git_libgit2_init at startup and git_libgit2_shutdown at shutdown.

    Threading

    See threading for information

    Conventions

    See conventions for an overview of the external and internal API/coding conventions we use.

    Building libgit2 - Using CMake

    Building

    libgit2 builds cleanly on most platforms without any external dependencies. Under Unix-like systems, like Linux, *BSD and Mac OS X, libgit2 expects pthreads to be available; they should be installed by default on all systems. Under Windows, libgit2 uses the native Windows API for threading.

    The libgit2 library is built using CMake (version 2.8 or newer) on all platforms.

    On most systems you can build the library using the following commands

    $ mkdir build && cd build
$ cmake ..
$ cmake --build .

    Alternatively you can point the CMake GUI tool to the CMakeLists.txt file and generate platform specific build project or IDE workspace.

    Running Tests

    Once built, you can run the tests from the build directory with the command

    $ ctest -V

    Alternatively you can run the test suite directly using,

    $ ./libgit2_clar

    Invoking the test suite directly is useful because it allows you to execute individual tests, or groups of tests using the -s flag. For example, to run the index tests:

    $ ./libgit2_clar -sindex

    To run a single test named index::racy::diff, which corresponds to the test function test_index_racy__diff:

    $ ./libgit2_clar -sindex::racy::diff

    The test suite will print a . for every passing test, and an F for any failing test. An S indicates that a test was skipped because it is not applicable to your platform or is particularly expensive.

    Note: There should be no failing tests when you build an unmodified source tree from a release, or from the master branch. Please contact us or open an issue if you see test failures.

    Installation

    To install the library you can specify the install prefix by setting:

    $ cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/install/prefix
$ cmake --build . --target install

    Advanced Usage

    For more advanced use or questions about CMake please read https://cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_FAQ.

    The following CMake variables are declared:

    • CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR: Where to install binaries to.
    • CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR: Where to install libraries to.
    • CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR: Where to install headers to.
    • BUILD_SHARED_LIBS: Build libgit2 as a Shared Library (defaults to ON)
    • BUILD_CLAR: Build Clar-based test suite (defaults to ON)
    • THREADSAFE: Build libgit2 with threading support (defaults to ON)

    To list all build options and their current value, you can do the following:

    # Create and set up a build directory
$ mkdir build
$ cmake ..
# List all build options and their values
$ cmake -L

    Compiler and linker options

    CMake lets you specify a few variables to control the behavior of the compiler and linker. These flags are rarely used but can be useful for 64-bit to 32-bit cross-compilation.

    • CMAKE_C_FLAGS: Set your own compiler flags
    • CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH: Override the search path for libraries
    • ZLIB_LIBRARY, OPENSSL_SSL_LIBRARY AND OPENSSL_CRYPTO_LIBRARY: Tell CMake where to find those specific libraries

    MacOS X

    If you want to build a universal binary for Mac OS X, CMake sets it all up for you if you use -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES="i386;x86_64" when configuring.

    Android

    Extract toolchain from NDK using, make-standalone-toolchain.sh script. Optionally, crosscompile and install OpenSSL inside of it. Then create CMake toolchain file that configures paths to your crosscompiler (substitute {PATH} with full path to the toolchain):

    SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION Android)

SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER   {PATH}/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc)
SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER {PATH}/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-g++)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH {PATH}/sysroot/)

SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)

    Add -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE={pathToToolchainFile} to cmake command when configuring.

    Language Bindings

    Here are the bindings to libgit2 that are currently available:

    If you start another language binding to libgit2, please let us know so we can add it to the list.

    How Can I Contribute?

    We welcome new contributors! We have a number of issues marked as “up for grabs” and “easy fix” that are good places to jump in and get started. There’s much more detailed information in our list of outstanding projects.

    Please be sure to check the contribution guidelines to understand our workflow, and the libgit2 coding conventions.

    License

    libgit2 is under GPL2 with linking exception. This means you can link to and use the library from any program, proprietary or open source; paid or gratis. However, if you modify libgit2 itself, you must distribute the source to your modified version of libgit2.

    See the COPYING file for the full license text.

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